scholarly journals Effects of the Tibetan High and the North Pacific High on the Occurrence of Hot or Cool Summers in Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Makoto Inoue ◽  
Atsushi Ugajin ◽  
Osamu Kiguchi ◽  
Yousuke Yamashita ◽  
Masashi Komine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Cool Summer ◽  
The North Pacific

In this study, we investigated the effects of the Tibetan High near the tropopause and the North Pacific High in the troposphere on occurrences of hot or cool summers in Japan. We first classified Japan into six regions and identified hot and cool summer years in these regions from a 38-year sample (1980–2017) based on the monthly air temperature. To investigate the features of circulation fields over Asia during hot and cool summers in Japan, we calculated the composite differences (hot summer years minus cool summer years) of several variables such as geopotential height, which indicated significant high-pressure anomalies in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. These results suggest that both the North Pacific and the Tibetan Highs tend to extend to Japan during hot summer years, while cool summers seem to be associated with the weakening of these highs. We found that extension of the Tibetan High to the Japanese mainland can lead to hot summers in Northern, Eastern, and Western Japan. On the other hand, hot summers in the Southwestern Islands may be due to extension of the Tibetan High to the south. Similarly, the latitudinal direction of extension of the North Pacific High is profoundly connected with the summer climate in respective regions.

Two new Cumella (Crustacea: Cumacea: Nannastacidae) from the North Pacific, with a key to the North Pacific Cumella

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2149 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
SARAH GERKEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The North Pacific

Two new species of Cumella (Cumacea: Nannastacidae), C. oculata and C. alaskensis are described from shallow Alaskan rocky shores. The new species C. oculata can be distinguished from other North Pacific Cumella by the combination of a large eye lobe, no spines dorsally on the carapace, and carapace without large tubercles. The new species C. alaskensis can be distinguished from the other North Pacific Cumella by the 5 spines distributed unequally on the dorsal crest.

Earthquakes off the north Pacific Coast of the United States*

1956 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Don Tocher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Linear Extension ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Epicenters of most of the larger earthquakes occurring off the coast of northern California and Oregon lie in two zones. One zone includes the north-facing submarine Gorda Escarpment, which extends nearly due west from Punta Gorda, and the south-facing Mendocino Escarpment as far offshore as long. 127° W. The other zone extends northwestward from the region of Cape Mendocino, indicating a linear extension of the San Andreas Rift zone as far as lat. 44° or 45° N.

scholarly journals Interdecadal Relationships between the Asian–Pacific Oscillation and Summer Climate Anomalies over Asia, North Pacific, and North America during a Recent 100 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 4793-4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Song Yang ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Asian Monsoon Region ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Summertime relationships between the Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) and climate anomalies over Asia, the North Pacific, and North America are examined on an interdecadal time scale. The values of APO were low from the 1880s to the mid-1910s and high from the 1920s to the 1940s. When the APO was higher, tropospheric temperatures were higher over Asia and lower over the Pacific and North America. From the low-APO decades to the high-APO decades, both upper-tropospheric highs and lower-tropospheric low pressure systems strengthened over South Asia and weakened over North America. As a result, anomalous southerly–southwesterly flow prevailed over the Asian monsoon region, meaning stronger moisture transport over Asia. On the contrary, the weakened upper-tropospheric high and lower-tropospheric low over North America caused anomalous sinking motion over the region. As a result, rainfall generally enhanced over the Asian monsoon regions and decreased over North America.

The genus Anonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the North Pacific and Arctic oceans: Anonyx nugax group

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1754-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Steele
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

Thirteen species of the Anonyx nugax group (uropod 2 partially constricted) are listed for the North Pacific and adjacent Arctic ocean. Two new species, Anonyx beringi and Anonyx barrowensis are described; A. pacificus Gurjanova, A. anivae Gurjanova, A. comecrudus Barnard, and A. epistomicus Kudrjaschov are redescribed; and the status of the other species is reconsidered and commented upon. Only four of these species, nugax, sarsi, lilljeborgi, and debruyni, have circumpolar distributions, with the other nine confined to the North Pacific region or to it and adjacent seas.

scholarly journals Dynamical Mechanisms for the Recent Ozone Depletion in the Arctic Stratosphere Linked to the North Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingzhu Hu ◽  
Zhaoyong Guan ◽  
Meichen Liu ◽  
Wuhu Feng
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract The ozone layer, which prevents solar ultraviolet radiation from reaching the surface and thereby protects life on earth, is expected to recover from past depletion during this century due to the impact of the Montreal Protocol. However, how the ozone column over the Arctic will evolve over the next few decades is still under debate. In this study, we found that the ozone level in the Arctic stratosphere during the period of 1998–2018 exhibits a decreasing trend of –0.12±0.07 ppmv decade–1 from MERRA2, suggesting a continued depletion during this century. This ozone depletion is contributed by the second leading mode of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) with one month leading and therefore dynamical in origin. The North Pacific SSTAs associated with this mode tend to result in a weakened Aleutian low, a strengthened Western Pacific pattern and a weakened Pacific–North American pattern, which impede the upward propagation of planetary wavenumber-1 waves into the lower stratosphere. The changes in the stratospheric wave activity tend to result in decreased ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere through weakening the Brewer-Dobson circulation. Our findings will provide new understanding of how dynamical processes control Arctic stratospheric ozone and will help to improve prediction of how Arctic ozone will evolve in the future.

scholarly journals Role of dust alkalinity in acid mobilization of iron

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 9237-9250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ito ◽  
Y. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Iron Solubility ◽  
Soluble Iron ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. Atmospheric processing of mineral aerosols by acid gases (e.g., SO2, HNO3, N2O5, and HCl) may play a key role in the transformation of insoluble iron (Fe in the oxidized or ferric (III) form) to soluble forms (e.g., Fe(II), inorganic soluble species of Fe(III), and organic complexes of iron). On the other hand, mineral dust particles have a potential of neutralizing the acidic species due to the alkaline buffer ability of carbonate minerals (e.g., CaCO3 and MgCO3). Here we demonstrate the impact of dust alkalinity on the acid mobilization of iron in a three-dimensional aerosol chemistry transport model that includes a mineral dissolution scheme. In our model simulations, most of the alkaline dust minerals cannot be entirely consumed by inorganic acids during the transport across the North Pacific Ocean. As a result, the inclusion of alkaline compounds in aqueous chemistry substantially limits the iron dissolution during the long-range transport to the North Pacific Ocean: only a small fraction of iron (<0.2%) dissolves from hematite in the coarse-mode dust aerosols with 0.45% soluble iron initially. On the other hand, a significant fraction of iron (1–2%) dissolves in the fine-mode dust aerosols due to the acid mobilization of the iron-containing minerals externally mixed with carbonate minerals. Consequently, the model quantitatively reproduces higher iron solubility in smaller particles as suggested by measurements over the Pacific Ocean. It implies that the buffering effect of alkaline content in dust aerosols might help to explain the inverse relationship between aerosol iron solubility and particle size. We also demonstrate that the iron solubility is sensitive to the chemical specification of iron-containing minerals in dust. Compared with the dust sources, soluble iron from combustion sources contributes to a relatively marginal effect for deposition of soluble iron over the North Pacific Ocean during springtime. Our results suggest that more comprehensive data for chemical specificity of iron-rich dust is needed to improve the predictive capability for size-segregated soluble iron particles.

Notes on the Typological Prehistory of Ghilyak

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Gruzdeva ◽  
Juha A. Janhunen
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
The Russian Far East

Abstract This paper discusses the typological evolution of Ghilyak (Nivkh), a small “Palaeo-Asiatic” language family also known as Amuric, distributed in the Amur-Sakhalin region of the Russian Far East. In some respects, especially in the phonology, morphophonology, and phonotactics, Ghilyak shows features absent in the other languages of the region, most of which represent the so-called “Altaic” areal-typological complex. At the same time, Ghilyak shares with its neighbours several “Altaic” features, especially in the morphosyntax, including suffixally marked number and case, as well as nominalized and converbialized verbs. An analysis of the data shows that Ghilyak has been affected by at least two processes of typological transformation which have, either successively or in parallel, both “Altaicized” and “de-Altaicized” its linguistic structure. The reasons of these transformations can be sought in the substratal, adstratal, and superstratal impact of the neighbouring “Altaic” and “non-Altaic” languages. This allows us to place the typological prehistory of Ghilyak in a context shared by other languages of the North Pacific Rim, notably Tungusic and Koreanic.

Circumglobal Teleconnection in the Northern Hemisphere Summer*

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3483-3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Ding ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Circumglobal Teleconnection ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract Analysis of the 56-yr NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data reveals a recurrent circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern in the summertime midlatitude circulation of the Northern Hemisphere. This pattern represents the second leading empirical orthogonal function of interannual variability of the upper-tropospheric circulation. The CGT, having a zonal wavenumber-5 structure, is primarily positioned within a waveguide that is associated with the westerly jet stream. The spatial phases of CGT tend to lock to preferred longitudes. The geographically phase-locked patterns bear close similarity during June, August, and September, but the pattern in July shows shorter wavelengths in the North Pacific–North America sector. The CGT is accompanied by significant rainfall and surface air temperature anomalies in the continental regions of western Europe, European Russia, India, east Asia, and North America. This implies that the CGT may be a source of climate variability and predictability in the above-mentioned midlatitude regions. The CGT has significant correlations with the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, in normal ISM years the CGT–ENSO correlation disappears; on the other hand, in the absence of El Niño or La Niña, the CGT–ISM correlation remains significant. It is suggested that the ISM acts as a “conductor” connecting the CGT and ENSO. When the interaction between the ISM and ENSO is active, ENSO may influence northern China via the ISM and the CGT. Additionally, the variability of the CGT has no significant association with the Arctic Oscillation and the variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon. The circulation of the wave train shows a barotropic structure everywhere except the cell located to the northwest of India, where a baroclinic circulation structure dominates. Two possible scenarios are proposed. The abnormal ISM may excite an anomalous west-central Asian high and downstream Rossby wave train extending to the North Pacific and North America. On the other hand, a wave train that is excited in the jet exit region of the North Atlantic may affect the west-central Asian high and, thus, the intensity of the ISM. It is hypothesized that the interaction between the global wave train and the ISM heat source may be instrumental in maintaining the boreal summer CGT.

scholarly journals A Lacustrine Biomarker Record From Rebun Island Reveals a Warm Summer Climate in Northern Japan During the Early Middle Holocene Due to a Stronger North Pacific High

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanobu Yamamoto ◽  
Fangxian Wang ◽  
Tomohisa Irino ◽  
Kenta Suzuki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Pacific ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Summer Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Summer ◽  
Rebun Island ◽  
The Kuroshio ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
Northern Japan

The summer climate of northern Japan since the last glacial period has likely been determined by atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, such as changes in the North Pacific High, the position of the westerlies, the Kuroshio Current, the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), and the East Asian summer monsoon. However, it is unclear which factor has been most important. In this study, we analyzed leaf wax δ13C and δD and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in sediments from Lake Kushu, Rebun Island, northern Japan, and discuss changes in climate over the past 17,000 years. The GDGT-based temperature, the averaged chain length, δ13C and δD of long-chain n-fatty acids indicated that the climate was cold during the Oldest Dryas period ∼16 ka and warm in the early Middle Holocene from ∼9 to 6 ka. This climate change is consistent with the sea surface temperature in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition, but inconsistent with changes in the TWC in the Sea of Japan. The results imply that the summer climate of northern Japan was controlled mainly by changes in the development of the North Pacific High via changes in the position of the westerly jet and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall, whereas the influence of the TWC was limited over a millennial timescale.

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