scholarly journals Effectiveness of Tree Pattern in Street Canyons on Thermal Conditions and Human Comfort. Assessment of an Urban Renewal Project in Historical District in Lodz (Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Anna Dominika Bochenek ◽  
Katarzyna Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Planning Department ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
East West

The implementation of adaptation strategies has become an essential activity of spatial planning departments. Passive technologies related to the introduction of natural components in the form of vegetation are used, especially in urban development plans, to mitigate the effects of climate change and thus improve the quality of citizen life. Nature-Based Solutions are of particular importance in the areas of strict city centers, where historical building structures are subject to legal protection. In this study, the authors tested the influence of high greenery on the microclimatic conditions in the areas of typical street canyons (east–west and north–south orientations). Authors included the established greenery strategy by the City Planning Department. To estimate the impact of the assumed scenarios, a CFD tool was used—the ENVI-met application, which is commonly used in the field of urban microclimatology. Studies have shown that the introduction of 10% of green area contributed to a maximum air temperature reduction of 0.80 °C (17:00) in an east–west-oriented canyon, 0.49 °C (10:00) in a north–south canyon. The scenarios, assumed by the City Planning Department, related to the introduction of a greater amount of greenery turned out to be a less effective solution. The impact of greenery on the thermal comfort felt by humans was also determined. The reduction in the PET index was a maximum of 10.80 °C (14:00) in an east–west canyon; 6.66 °C (14:00) in a canyon area with a north–south orientation. This research might constitute the foundations to a re-evaluation of the urban development plans. The outcomes can lead to taking alternative direction of city layout transformations.

scholarly journals HARMONISATION OF THE VILNIUS URBAN DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS AND TRENDS OF ACTIONS

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranciškus Juškevičius
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

The article provides the analysis of the evolution of the planning principals and physical development of the City since 1988 when the state determined planning was mandatory, covering the period since the adoption of the Law on Territorial Planning up to the present date when the City operates in the market economy conditions. The controversy of the City planning and development is pointed out, as well as the necessity to liberalise and harmonise the process.

A Holistic Assessment of Education City in Doha

2018 ◽  
pp. 228-247
Author(s):  
Ali A. Alraouf
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
Education City ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Qatar, while developing its vision for the future, decided to adopt the knowledge economy as the new pillar for its economy and development. The chapter focuses on examining the impact of the one of the main and iconic national mega project in the capital Doha, the project named Education City (EC). The chapter scrutinizes EC's contribution to a more resilient future for Qatar. The chapter assesses the relative roles of such an influential project in preparing or hindering Qatar's moving towards the post-carbon paradigm. The project is examined using multilayered criteria, which include achieving urban diversity, relevance to knowledge-based urban development, supporting the diversification of the local economy, and accommodating multicultural society. The chapter concludes that education city is the most crucial urban projects in Qatar geared towards sustaining the knowledge economy as it creates ripples of change, knowledge dissemination, and a culture of innovation and creativity within the city.

scholarly journals SPATIAL PATTERN OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATOR FOR THE MONTREAL URBAN COMMUNITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohel Reza Amin ◽  
Umma Tamima
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Development Indicator ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

The City of Montreal initiated a First Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development in 2005 followed by a Community and Corporate Sustainable Development Plan in 2010–2015. This study proposes a sustainable urban development indicator (SUDI) for each Montreal Urban Community (MUC) to evaluate the achievements of sustainable development plans. This study identifies thirty-two variables as the attributes of sustainable urban development. The multivariate technique and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis are applied to determine the spatial pattern of SUDI for each MUC. The spatial pattern of SUDI identifies that Ville Marie, Verdun, Sud-Ouest, Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve and Plateau Mont-Royal have strong sustainable development. The findings of this study help the City of Montreal to understand the improvement of the sustainable development plans for Montreal city and to distribute the municipal budget for the community benefits accordingly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sustainable Urban Development under Environmental Constraints: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Yaqiong Wang ◽  
Guanghui Yuan ◽  
Ying Yan ◽  
Xueliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
The City

Sustainable development is a long-term solution for urban development and a guideline for urban development. Only by better coordination around the population, resources, and environment can the city achieve sustained and steady development. In order to evaluate the efficiency of sustainable urban development under environmental constraints, this paper takes 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province as an example. To address the infeasibility problem in the Malmquist-Luenberger (M-L) index, a modified M-L index analysis method based on the new directional distance function (DDF) is adopted. Combined with the consideration of desirable and undesirable outputs, a linear programming model for sustainable urban development evaluation is constructed to provide a scientific decision-making basis for sustainable development of the city. The results show that the growth of sustainable urban development efficiency is not only related to desirable outputs but also affected by undesirable outputs. Technical change is the main driver of most sustainable urban development efficiency growth. However, efficiency changes also affect the sustainable development potential of cities to a certain extent. Through the modified M-L index analysis, we analyze the characteristics of different regions of Jiangsu Province, the changes in efficiency and the impact of technological innovation on sustainable urban development, and give policy recommendations to promote sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS AND REGULAR MODELS OF FORTIFIED CITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cherkes B. ◽  
◽  
Lytvynchuk I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
New City ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications. However, the presence of archaic ancient Kievan Rus’ traditions continued in the lands of Podillia up to the 18th century, which is proved by the inventory plans taken by cartographers of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. We distinguish between the two main types of fortifications which formed the basis of urban development and influenced their urban model. The first one is called spontaneous – it was formed without any integral plan; the second type is a regular one – the location of the defense system, market square, and sacral structures was designed according to the carefully developed plan. The basis of our research methodology is the fact that the planning structure of the historic city was invariable during the 16th-17th centuries and the works on the relics of ancient planning that have been preserved up to present (mentioned above cadastral prints). The stability of a design structure depended on the following factors: 1) slow colonization process in the border areas and, as a result, low urban growth 2) insufficient funding of the modernization of urban fortifications by the owner, possessor or the state 3) stable estate property management system which regulated the size of the plots. This systematization indicates that the application of regular principles in the city foundation on the steppe border is an exception rather than the usual phenomenon. On the territory between rivers Dniester and Bug we identified 15 cities and fortifications having features of regular planning, and 148 – spontaneous. Thus, the two models of urban development of the Ukrainian cities located on the steppe border in the 16th–17th centuries are analyzed. The analysis proves a close interrelation between the model of urban development and its defense system. It is defined three plans of urban development of border cities: 1. Conservation of urban planning structure of spontaneous planning due to economic stagnation or inappropriateness in the modernization of urban fortifications (Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Khmilnyk). 2. Development of a new city using the idea in cruda radice according to modern principles of fortifications of the 17th century and principles of regular city planning (Yampil, Rashkiv, Kalush). 3. Combination of old spontaneous and regular model principles of urban development in the process of modernization. The proposed method of identification of city elements by cadastral prints can be used only in combination with a careful evaluation of information on the settlement history, and by comparing it with historical context and events, as well as with a full-scale survey of preserved relics on the area

scholarly journals Sustainable Urban Development for Costal City Case Study: Bourg El-Bourols City

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047
Author(s):  
Amany Ragheb ◽  
Haithem El Sharnouby
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Distinct Character ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Current Reality

Comprehensive urban development varies from place to place according to the different natural environment, unplanned urban development on coastal cities led to an urban disruption and random possession of lands, Burj Al-Burullus is a coastal city with high environmental sensitivity and has many environmental, social, and cultural systems that qualify it to be a development area with a distinct character. The challenges of urban development represent the biggest challenge to development in the region. Despite the presence of many development plans in the region, there is no clear methodology that considers the resources and the distinct potentials of these areas to make use of them in solving the problems that hinder development. The research presents an attempt to reach a mechanism through which sustainable urban development can be achieved in all economic, social, and demographic aspects. In addition, it contributes to formulating a vision and developing a strategy to achieve sustainable urban development, with the participation of economic institutions in a way that stimulates these institutions to invest. The research studies and evaluates the current reality of Burj Al-Burullus city using GIS in terms of the characteristics and activities of the city and explores its developmental reality. The research attempts to find appropriate urban solutions to overcome these urban challenges and develop plans to be used as a link between the challenges and development results and to be followed in the development of the region and similar areas.

scholarly journals Depopulation of Cities and Housing Decisions of University Graduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Alina Źróbek-Różańska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Research Area ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
City Development ◽  
Space Management ◽  
University Center ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Predicting the population size of a city is one of the key tasks preceding the creation of city development plans, seeing as how urban space management should be adequate to current and forecasted economic and social trends, including demographic ones. In many cities of the world, apart from capitals and metropolises, the phenomenon of depopulation and shrinking has been observed, which is due to a decrease in the fertility rate and a negative migration balance. Apart from the inhabitants registered in the city for permanent residence, there are also people living there temporary, including students. Some graduates will decide to stay in the city, thus increasing the population of the city’s residents. The purpose of the study described in this article was to attempt to determine the extent to which new-coming students are able to alleviate the effects of the adverse phenomenon of city depopulation. The city chosen as the research area - Olsztyn - has been experiencing the loss of residents for 10 years and is also the largest university center in the province. Understanding settlement / migration plans required a broad survey. As a result, it was concluded that the impact of graduates on inhibiting depopulation is relatively small as most of them planned to move out to a larger urban center, and only every fifth one declared a willingness to live in Olsztyn. Retaining graduates would require the development of the labor market towards new, well-paid jobs.

scholarly journals Which urban development for Algiers far from oil dependency? Towards TOD solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Boubezari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City

This paper is questioning which kind of urban development is adequate for Algiers far from oil dependency and basing on what was achieved since the approval of its Masterplan in December 2016 and regarding to the potentialities and opportunities already set in the territory. The very principle of development in the territorial model already outlined a solution oriented towards the reorganization of traffic according to a principle of macro-mesh transport network structuring a new poly-centrality. At the nodes of this network, the place of these centralities, exchange hubs have been programmed. Thus, all the conditions are met so that in a second step, in terms of details, the city of Algiers can opt for a Transit-Oriented Development TOD that makes Algiers an attractive and competitive territory. By an analysis of the contents of the policy orientations of the PDAU (masterplan) of Algiers1 , a participative observation of the actions carried out by the city of Algiers, one will identify the goals already achieved for the development strategy plan. One will also show that the TOD solution is the easiest if not the only one and that all the legal and strategic conditions are met to facilitate the transition to detailed development plans.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transit-Oriented Development on Fast-Urbanizing Cities: Applied analytical study on Greater Cairo Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Mohamed Kafrawy ◽  
Sahar Attia ◽  
Heba Allah Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Greater Cairo ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Implementation Guidelines ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Greater Cairo Region

Transportation has always been the backbone of development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been theorized, piloted and expanded increasingly in the past few decades. In this regard, this paper investigates the relationship between urban development, the transportation process, and the required implementation guidelines within fast-urbanizing cities, such as Cairo. After reviewing different related sustainable development theories, the study investigates pioneering case studies that have applied TOD and provided adequate implementation frameworks. The authors then extract and compare a set of required policies. The current Egyptian development paradigm is then discussed in relation to these enabling policies, focusing on Greater Cairo Region, Egypt. The authors debate previous development plans, progress, and newly proposed ones, focusing on the transportation process as the means for development. The study concludes with a set of required guidelines to ensure the integration of transportation with land-use planning, thus ensuring a more prosperous and inclusive urban development.

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