scholarly journals Adaptive Crop Management under Climate Uncertainty: Changing the Game for Sustainable Water Use

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Soe W. Myint ◽  
Rimjhim Aggarwal ◽  
Baojuan Zheng ◽  
Elizabeth A. Wentz ◽  
Jim Holway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Water supplies are projected to become increasingly scarce, driving farmers, energy producers, and urban dwellers towards an urgent and emerging need to improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of water use. Given that agricultural water use is the largest water consumer throughout the U.S. Southwest, this study sought to answer two specific research questions: (1) How does water consumption vary by crop type on a metropolitan spatial scale? (2) What is the impact of drought on agricultural water consumption? To answer the above research questions, 92 Landsat images were acquired to generate fine-resolution daily evapotranspiration (ET) maps at 30 m spatial resolution for both dry and wet years (a total of 1095 ET maps), and major crop types were identified for the Phoenix Active Management Area. The study area has a subtropical desert climate and relies almost completely on irrigation for farming. Results suggest that there are some factors that farmers and water managers can control. During dry years, crops of all types use more water. Practices that can offset this higher water use include double or multiple cropping practice, drought tolerant crop selection, and optimizing the total farmed area. Double and multiple cropping practices result in water savings because soil moisture is retained from one planting to another. Further water savings occur when drought tolerant crop types are selected, especially in dry years. Finally, disproportionately large area coverage of high water consuming crops can be balanced and/or reduced or replaced with more water efficient crops. This study provides strong evidence that water savings can be achieved through policies that create incentives for adopting smart cropping strategies, thus providing important guidelines for sustainable agriculture management and climate adaptation to improve future food security.

The carbon footprint of an Australian satellite haemodialysis unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan E. K. Lim ◽  
Anthony Perkins ◽  
John W. M. Agar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
National Level ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The State ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Target Setting ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. This study aimed to better understand the carbon emission impact of haemodialysis (HD) throughout Australia by determining its carbon footprint, the relative contributions of various sectors to this footprint, and how contributions from electricity and water consumption are affected by local factors. Methods. Activity data associated with HD provision at a 6-chair suburban satellite HD unit in Victoria in 2011 was collected and converted to a common measurement unit of tonnes of CO2 equivalents (t CO2-eq) via established emissions factors. For electricity and water consumption, emissions factors for other Australian locations were applied to assess the impact of local factors on these footprint contributors. Results. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite HD was calculated to be 10.2 t CO2-eq. The largest contributors were pharmaceuticals (35.7%) and medical equipment (23.4%). Throughout Australia, the emissions percentage attributable to electricity consumption ranged from 5.2% to 18.6%, while the emissions percentage attributable to water use ranged from 4.0% to 11.6%. Conclusions. State-by-state contributions of energy and water use to the carbon footprint of satellite HD appear to vary significantly. Performing emissions planning and target setting at the state level may be more appropriate in the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Healthcare provision carries a significant environmental footprint. In particular, conventional HD uses substantial amounts of electricity and water. In the UK, provision of HD and peritoneal dialysis was found to have an annual per-patient carbon footprint of 7.1 t CO2-eq. What does this paper add? This is the first carbon-footprinting study of HD in Australia. In Victoria, the annual per-patient carbon footprint of satellite conventional HD is 10.2 t CO2-eq. Notably, the contributions of electricity and water consumption to the carbon footprint varies significantly throughout Australia when local factors are taken into account. What are the implications for practitioners? We recommend that healthcare providers consider local factors when planning emissions reduction strategies, and target setting should be performed at the state, as opposed to national, level. There is a need for more comprehensive and current emissions data to enable healthcare providers to do so.

scholarly journals A Decoupling Analysis of the Crop Water Footprint Versus Economic Growth in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Zhongren Zhou ◽  
Yajuan Yu ◽  
Yixing Bi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Agricultural Water Use

Beijing, the capital of China, is experiencing a serious lack of water, which is becoming a main factor in the restriction of the development of the social economy. Due to the low economic efficiency and high consumption proportion of agricultural water use, the relationship between economic growth and agricultural water use is worth investigating. The “decoupling” index is becoming increasingly popular for identifying the degree of non-synchronous variation between resource consumption and economic growth. However, few studies address the decoupling between the crop water consumption and agricultural economic growth. This paper involves the water footprint (WF) to assess the water consumption in the crop production process. After an evaluation of the crop WF in Beijing, this paper applies the decoupling indicators to examine the occurrence of non-synchronous variation between the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and crop WF in Beijing from 1981 to 2013. The results show that the WF of crop production in 2013 reduced by 62.1% compared to that in 1980 — in total, 1.81 × 109 m3. According to the decoupling states, the entire study period is divided into three periods. From 1981 to 2013, the decoupling states represented seventy-five percent of the years from 1981 to 1992 (Period I) with a moderate decoupling degree, more than ninety percent from 1993 to 2003 (Period II) with a very strong decoupling degree and moved from non-decoupling to strong decoupling from 2004 to 2013 (Period III). Adjusting plantation structure, technology innovation and raising awareness of water-saving, may promote the decoupling degree between WF and agricultural GDP in Beijing.

scholarly journals Water-Use Efficiency of Crops in the Arid Area of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River: Taking Zhangye City as an Example

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyuan Xiao ◽  
Limeng Fan ◽  
Xiubin Li ◽  
Minghong Tan ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Use Efficiency

The middle reaches of the Heihe River are an important food base in the arid regions of Northwest China. The agricultural water consumption in this region accounts for about 90% of the total water consumption. The shortage of water resources is the primary reason for restricting agricultural development. Therefore, studying the efficiency of agricultural water use is essential to improving the effective use of water resources. Under the premise of considering agricultural water saving, we improved the water efficiency model from the perspective of pure agricultural income that farmers are more concerned about. In this study, we took Zhangye City in the middle reaches of the Heihe River as an example, based on meteorological crop data and farmer survey data. Then, we used the input–output method to quantitatively analyze the net income of the crops in Zhangye City. We used the CROPWAT model to calculate the water demand of crops during the growing season. Lastly, we used the improved water-use efficiency (WUE) model to analyze WUE differences of crops in the study area. We reached the following conclusions: (1) among the six crops in the study area, the net profit of seed corn was 20,520 yuan/ha, followed by field corn, 11,700 yuan/ha, then followed by potato, rapeseed, wheat, and barley; (2) the maximum water requirement for the crop growth period was 597.2 mm for field corn, followed by 577.3 mm for seed corn, then followed by rapeseed, wheat, barley, and potato; (3) among the six crops, the WUE calculated using the water efficiency model before and after improvement had obvious differences. The WUE calculated using the original model reached 9.03 yuan/m3 for potato, followed by 6.33 yuan/m3 for seed corn. The WUE calculated using the improved model reached 3.44 yuan/m3 for seed corn, which is the maximum, followed by potato with 2.25 yuan/m3. Considering the agricultural water saving and crop yields, we propose to properly expand the cultivation of seed corn and potato in the middle reaches of the Heihe River. This would be more conducive to achieving a “win-win” situation for water conservation and revenue.

scholarly journals Study on Evaluation of Agricultural Irrigation Zoning and Optimal Utilization of Water Resources in Yantai City

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05017
Author(s):  
Hong Hou ◽  
Youqian Qiao ◽  
Xiangran Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Yantai City ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Efficient Water Use

Agricultural water is the largest water user in Yantai City, and its water consumption accounts for more than 2/3 of the total water consumption in Yantai City. The potential for agricultural water saving is huge, but the overall level of agricultural water efficiency in Yantai City is not very high, and the waste of water resources is serious. Efficient agricultural water use in Yantai is a key issue for achieving efficient and sustainable use of water resources in Yantai. Different regions in the study area have different social and economic developments, different industrial structures, and different natural climates, and their investments in agricultural water conservancy facilities are also different. In order to better study the agricultural efficient water use model in Yantai City. This article will divide the agricultural irrigation sub-area according to the actual situation of Yantai.

scholarly journals Analysis of regional features of water use structure in the North Caucasus. Part 1. Water availability and water consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Е.А. Rybak ◽  
◽  
О.О. Rybak ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Impact

The key task of the societal development is to ensure effective management of water resources. As a consequence of aggravation of water problems in the world, the issues of sustainable and guaranteed access to water are considered as one of the components of ensuring food security, conservation and restoration recovery of natural resources, which are the basis of life support for the population. To date, the regulation of water resources in the North Caucasus experiences difficulties resulting from fragmented water use, unequal access to water, and contradictory legislation in the field of water use regulation. These problems are compounded by two factors: climate change and demographic situation. The main problem of water consumption in Russia is the irrational and ineffective use of water resources and, as a result, high specific water consumption. In the North Caucasus, water consumption is currently one of the highest in Russia. The characteristics of the impact on water resources are directly related to the use of water, the main elements of which are the water withdrawal from natural sources, the use of water and the discharge of wastewater. Based on open statistical sources, we analyzed the current situation in the use of water resources in the North Caucasus. The North Caucasus is characterized by problems similar to those of many regions of the country, in particular, large losses during transportation due to the emergency state of water supply networks and treatment facilities. Water supply problems in the North Caucasus are expected to worsen in the future. If urgent measures are not taken, the complex of problems will only accumulate. To overcome their negative consequences, it is necessary to revise the water use strategy and change the water consumption structure.

scholarly journals What roles do smart sensors play in citizens' water use? From the perspective of household water-saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Tian ◽  
Zhuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapid population growth has led to increasing demand for water resources. Studies have shown that the application of new technologies can effectively influence and promote citizens to save water. The application of smart water sensors can effectively monitor household water consumption and feedback the recorded data to citizens promptly, thereby influencing family members' water-saving attitudes and behaviours. For the widespread use of future water sensors in households, it can demonstrate its essential role in three aspects: water use information feedback to reduce water consumption, water information measurement helps to cultivate water conservation awareness, and water use information release as an effective means of behavioural intervention. This research provides some suggestions for the promotion and use of smart sensors in the home and points out the future research directions for the impact of water sensing on household water-saving behaviour.

Drainage and sewage system performance – Consequences of reductions in toilet flush volume

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella P Valencio ◽  
Orestes M Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to evaluate impacts of reducing toilet flush volume from 6.8 to 4.8 Lpf with laboratory and field studies. In laboratory, 260 tests were performed including water consumption, waste removal and solid transport tests, in 20 different toilets produced by national and international manufacturers. These tests demonstrated that a simple reduction in flush tank water level was not a viable solution for reducing flush volume, due to flush energy loss. Toilets are designed to work with certain water volume, and reducing this volume without studying the consequences that this could cause, can make with the toilet fail. Toilets approved according the standards ABNT NBR15097, ABNT NBR15491 and ASMEA112.19.2 were installed in 10 houses. The monitoring of water consumption and sewage system videos were conducted during eight months. When 6.8-Lpf toilets were installed, the average toilet water consumption was 16.6L/inhabitant/day. For 4.8-Lpf toilets, this value increased to 17.6. The number of flushes/person/day increased after toilets replacement, indicating that users applied successive flushes. Videos showed blockages in sewage system horizontal pipes. Findings from this study suggest that low-flush toilets do not decrease total water use, and may result in increased water use. In addition, they can cause clogging and solid deposit on sewage system. Practical application: Many management failures have affected the world water availability. Water demand has increased with population growth, and unless the equilibrium between water demand and supply is restored, the world will face increasing water shortage. However, it is essential to study the way of reducing water consumption. Without an effective analysis, instead of bringing benefits to population, water consumption reduction can lead to clogging and negative consequences on sewage system performance, causing disorder to them. It is recommended that manufacturers did not reduce the toilet water consumption without a study on the impact caused on the sewage systems, as well as designers should be careful when specifying sanitary appliances.

Effect of Subsoiling Cultivation on Corn in Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 2348-2351
Author(s):  
Jian Gu ◽  
Guang Hua Yin ◽  
Liang Hao ◽  
Pei Fei Cong ◽  
Gui Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Dryland Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Water Consumption ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The Impact

The effect of subsoiling on corn in dryland farming was discussed. The results showed that corn yields were higher increased compared subsoiling with traditional cultivation, especially in the rainfall less year. At same time, crop water consumption was not increased with the increased in output of the corn. The output of small amount of water increases actually. Water use efficiency was affected not only by the impact of water consumption, but also by the depth and cycles of subsoiling cultivating. Under certain conditions of the impact of the water consumption, the appropriate subsoiling cultivation cycle and depth could not significantly increase production, however, significantly increase water use efficiency.

scholarly journals A study on the effects of regional differences on agricultural water resource utilization efficiency using super-efficiency SBM model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Huang ◽  
Xianke Huang ◽  
Munan Xie ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Qin Shu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Water Resource Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Resource Utilization Efficiency

AbstractThis study evaluated the water resource utilization efficiency and resource consumption for planting, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery in various regions of China. Using the super-efficiency Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) analysis method, the main agricultural pollution emissions (Chemical Oxygen Demand, ammonia nitrogen, and agricultural carbon emissions) were proposed as environmental constraints for the first time. The threshold regression model was used to measure the impact of agricultural water use efficiency on agricultural water consumption by constructing seven different explanatory variables. The results show that the overall utilization efficiency of agricultural water resources in China presents a fluctuating downward trend, and the regional differences are significant. A single threshold effect on agricultural water consumption was found in five variables: per capita water resources, disposable income, dependence on foreign trade, industrial structure, and Gross Domestic Product. The increase in each parameter will have a positive effect on agricultural water consumption. The relationship between agricultural water use efficiency and agricultural water use was non-linear when the government's attention and the rural labor force were used as threshold variables.

scholarly journals Mechanism Study on the Impact of China Population Structure Change on the Water Use of the Three Main Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Liu ◽  
Shuhan Gao ◽  
Wei-Ling Hsu ◽  
Yan-Chyuan Shiau ◽  
Hsin-Lung Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Domestic Water Consumption ◽  
The Impact

As the principal part of economic and social development, the demographic factor is the fundamental factor driving the change of water resources, and achieving the harmony of human and water has been one of the most important tasks to promote high-quality development. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, this article applied panel data for 19 years and employed impulse response functions and threshold models to do a mechanism analysis of the impact of population structure changes on the water consumption changes of the three main industries. The study found the following: Firstly, the urban population promotes an increase of the total water consumption, industrial water consumption, and domestic water consumption, which suppresses agricultural water consumption and shows an inverted “N” trend. Secondly, the aging population has expanded the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water demand, and reduced industrial water consumption. Thirdly, food consumption helps to reduce the total water consumption and agricultural water consumption, but increases the industrial water consumption and the growth rate rises. Fourthly, the increase in the proportion of agricultural employment reduces the total water consumption, and agricultural and domestic water consumption, and increases industrial water consumption. Fifthly, the total water consumption and domestic water consumption both increase with the improvement of the population education level, while the agricultural water consumption declines first and then rises. The empirical results can provide a reference for analyzing the driving mechanisms of regional water consumption changes.

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