scholarly journals The Role of Aging and Wind in Inducing Death and/or Growth Reduction in Korean Fir (Abies Koreana Wilson) on Mt. Halla, Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Jeong-Wook Seo ◽  
En-Bi Choi ◽  
Jun-Hui Park ◽  
Yo-Jung Kim ◽  
Hyo-In Lim
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Cyclic Order ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Abies Koreana ◽  
Windward Slope ◽  
Korean Fir ◽  
Strong Winds

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of strong winds and aging in the death and/or decline in the growth of Korean fir on Mt. Halla in Korea. Bangeoreum (BA-S), Jindalrebat (JD-E), and Youngsil (YS-W) on the southern, eastern, and western slopes of Mt. Halla (ca. 1600 and 1700 m a.s.l.) were selected for the study. The site chronologies were established using more than 10 living Korean firs at each site. Additionally, to date the years and seasons of death of standing/fallen dead Korean firs, 15/15, 14/15, and 10/10 trees were selected at BA-S, JD-E, and YS-W, respectively. After adjusting the age with the period of growth up to the sampling point, the oldest Korean fir found among the living trees was 114 years old at JD-E and the oldest fir among the dead trees was 131 years old at JD-E. Besides this, most of the trees at BA-S and JD-E were found to have died between 2008 and 2015, and at irregular intervals between 1976 and 2013 at YS-W. Also, the maximum number of trees, that is, 62.7% died between spring and summer, followed by 20.9% between summer and autumn, and 16.4% between autumn of the current year and spring of the following year. Abrupt growth reductions occurred at BA-S and JD-E, and have become more significant in recent years, whereas at YS-W, the abrupt growth reduction and recovery occur in a cyclic order. The intensity and frequency of the typhoons increased from 2012, and this trend was in-line with the increased number of abrupt growth reductions at BA-S and JD-E. Therefore, the typhoons of 2012 are considered as the most likely influencing factor in death and/or growth reduction in Korean firs. In contrast, the decline in the growth of the Korean firs located on the windward slope (YS-W) showed a relationship with winds stronger than 25–33 m/s.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON SOIL DEGRADATION AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMEA

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Pashtetsky ◽  
K. G. Zhenchenko ◽  
A. V. Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The information of the impact of adverse natural phenomena related with the high temperature regime, deficit of precipitation and strong winds on the soil erosion, growth and yield of the crop. The status of shelterbelt, their ecological significance and the role of melioration and soil protection tillage systems in the Republic of Crimea are discussed.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Environmental Factors Affecting the Distribution of Abies koreana on the Korean Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Soo Park ◽  
Hak Sub Shin ◽  
Chul-hyun Choi ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Junghyo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Abies Koreana ◽  
Korean Fir

Regional declines of the Korean fir (Abies koreana) have been observed since the 1980s on the subalpine region. To explain this decline, it is fundamental to investigate the degree to which environmental factors have contributed to plant distributions on diverse spatial scales. We applied a hierarchical regression model to determine quantitatively the relationship between the abundance of Korean fir (seedlings) and diverse environmental factors across two different ecological scales. We measured Korean fir density and the occurrence of its seedlings in 102 (84) plots nested at five sites and collected a range of environmental factors at the same plots. Our model included hierarchical explanatory variables at both site-level (weather conditions) and plot-level (micro-topographic factors, soil properties, and competing species). The occurrence of Korean fir seedlings was positively associated with moss cover and rock cover but negatively related to dwarf bamboo cover. On site-level, winter precipitation was significantly positively related to the occurrence of seedlings. A hierarchical Poisson regression model revealed that Korean fir density were negatively associated with slope aspect, topographic position index, Quercus mongolica cover, and mean summer temperature. Our results suggest that drought and competition with other species are factors which halt the survival of Korean fir. We can predict that the population of Korean fir will continue to decline on the Korean Peninsula due to rising temperatures and seasonal drought, and only a few Korean fir will survive on northern slopes or valleys where competition with dwarf bamboo and Q. mongolica can be avoided.

The Role of Trust in Businessto- Business E-Commerce Collaboration in a Unique Environment in Australia

2011 ◽  
pp. 158-181
Author(s):  
Carol Pollard ◽  
Amanda Diggles
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
General Business ◽  
Business To Business

This research explores interorganisational collaboration in business-to-business e-commerce, and the factors that influence its development in a unique Australian environment. Using a qualitative case study approach, seven informants from four Tasmanian organisations were interviewed. The data confirmed trust was an important prerequisite for the establishment and development of both electronic and traditional interorganisational relationships. Collaborative relations such as communication and repeated interactions facilitated the development of trading-partner trust. Interestingly, trading-partner size did not influence trading partner trust, although “volume of business conducted” between trading partners was an influencing factor. Other factors included trading-partner reputation and length of preexisting relationship. Perceived benefits of trading partner trust included general business efficiencies, business growth, faster payment, increased information sharing and confidence, improved business relations, delivery, and reliability. The results enhance organisational awareness of similarities and differences between traditional and electronic business-to-business trading relationships, and contribute to the growing body of knowledge on interorganisational trust and business-to-business e-commerce. The influence of the unique Tasmanian environment was acknowledged and discussed as a mediating variable in considering the findings.

Cohnella abietis sp. nov., isolated from Korean fir (Abies koreana) rhizospheric soil of Halla mountain

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingmin Jiang ◽  
Sophea Pheng ◽  
Keun Chul Lee ◽  
Se Won Kang ◽  
Jae Cheol Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Abies Koreana ◽  
Korean Fir

The Decentralised Enforcement of the Provisions on Measurement and Assessment of Air Quality under Directive 2008/50/EC

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Kendro Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Sampling Points

In the Craeynest case, the Court of Justice interpreted some of the core provisions of the Air Quality Directive 2008/50 in a preliminary ruling. Firstly, the court ruled that national courts may review the siting of sampling points. This manuscript pays special attention to the minimum standard of review that national judges must perform and considers to what extent the Court of Justice departs from its established case law. Secondly, the Court considered that, for an exceedance of a limit value within a zone to exist, it suffices that a pollution level higher than that value is measured at a single sampling point. Thus, the results of all sampling points within a zone must not be averaged. The ruling can be considered as a landmark judgment, as it strengthens the role of citizens, engo’s and national courts in the decentral enforcement of the Air Quality Directive.

scholarly journals “They have been neglected for a long time”: a qualitative study on the role and recognition of rural health motivators in the Shiselweni region, Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Walker ◽  
Doris Burtscher ◽  
John Myeni ◽  
Bernhard Kerschberger ◽  
Bernadette Schausberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Community Stakeholders ◽  
Public Health Challenges

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly engaged to address human resource shortages and fill primary healthcare gaps. In Eswatini, a cadre of CHWs called Rural Health Motivators (RHM) was introduced in 1976 to respond to key public health challenges. However, the emergence of health needs, particularly HIV/TB, has been met with inadequate programme amendments, and the role of RHMs has become marginalised following the addition of other CHWs supported by non-governmental organisations. This study was implemented to understand the role of RHMs in decentralised HIV/TB activities. In this paper, we explore the findings in relation to the recognition of RHMs and the programme. Methods This exploratory qualitative study utilised individual in-depth interviews, group and focus group discussions, participatory methods (utilising a game format) and observations. Participants were purposively selected and comprised RHM programme implementers, community stakeholders and local and non-governmental personnel. Data collection took place between August and September 2019. Interviews were conducted in English or siSwati and transcribed. SiSwati interviews were translated directly into English. All interviews were audio-recorded, manually coded and thematically analysed. Data was validated through methodical triangulation. Results Suboptimal organisational structure and support, primarily insufficient training and supervision for activities were factors identified through interviews and observation activities. Significant confusion of the RHM role was observed, with community expectations beyond formally endorsed tasks. Community participants expressed dissatisfaction with receiving health information only, preferring physical assistance in the form of goods. Additionally, gender emerged as a significant influencing factor on the acceptability of health messages and the engagement of RHMs with community members. Expectations and structurally limiting factors shape the extent to which RHMs are recognised as integral to the health system, at all social and organisational levels. Conclusions Findings highlight the lack of recognition of RHMs and the programme at both community and national levels. This, along with historical neglect, has hindered the capacity of RHMs to successfully contribute to positive health outcomes for rural communities. Renewed attention and support mechanisms for this cadre are needed. Clarification of the RHM role in line with current health challenges and clearer role parameters is essential.

scholarly journals Winds of metal-poor OB stars: Updates from HST-COS UV spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S307) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
M. García ◽  
A. Herrero ◽  
F. Najarro ◽  
D. J. Lennon ◽  
M. A. Urbaneja
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Star Formation History ◽  
First Stars ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
Formation History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strong Winds

AbstractIn the race to break the SMC frontier and reach metallicity conditions closer to the First Stars the information from UV spectroscopy is usually overlooked. New HST-COS observations of OB stars in the metal-poor galaxy IC1613, with oxygen content ~1/10 solar, have proved the important role of UV spectroscopy to characterize blue massive stars and their winds. The terminal velocities (υ∞) and abundances derived from the dataset have shed new light on the problem of metal-poor massive stars with strong winds. Furthermore, our results question the υ∞-υesc and υ∞-Z scaling relations whose use in optical-only studies may introduce large uncertainties in the derived mass loss rates and wind-momenta. Finally, our results indicate that the detailed abundance pattern of each star may have a non-negligible impact on its wind properties, and scaling these as a function of one single metallicity parameter is probably too coarse an approximation. Considering, for instance, that the [α/Fe] ratio evolves with the star formation history of each galaxy, we may be in need of updating all our wind recipes.

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