Regional Air Pollutant Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Large Cities in Northeast China

This study systematically investigated the pollution characteristics of atmospheric O3 and PM2.5, regional transport, and their health risks in three provincial capitals in northeast China during 2016–2020. The results show that O3 concentrations showed a trend of high summer and low winter, while PM2.5 concentrations showed a trend of high winter and low summer during these five years. The results of the correlation analysis indicate that external sources contribute more O3, while PM2.5 is more from local sources. The backward trajectory clustering analysis results showed that Changchun had the highest share of northwest trajectory with a five-year average value of 67.89%, and the city with the highest percentage of southwest trajectory was Shenyang with a five-year average value of 23.95%. The backward trajectory clustering analysis results showed that the share of the northwest trajectory decreased and the share of the southwest trajectory increased for all three cities in 2020 compared to 2016. The results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighting trajectory (CWT) analysis showed that the main potential source areas and high concentration contribution areas for PM2.5 in the northeast were concentrated in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, Shandong Province, and the northeast, and for O3 were mainly located in Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces, and the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The non-carcinogenic risk of PM2.5 in Harbin was high with a HQ of 2.04, while the other cities were at acceptable levels (HQ < 0.69) and the non-carcinogenic risk of O3 was acceptable in all three cities (HQ < 0.22). However, PM2.5 had a high carcinogenic risk (4 × 10−4 < CR < 0.44) and further treatment is needed to reduce the risk.

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Influence of Straw Burning on Urban Air Pollutant Concentrations in Northeast China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16081379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Wang ◽

Jianjun Zhao ◽

Jiawen Xu ◽

Mingrui Jia ◽

Han Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Arable Land ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Thermal Anomalies ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Moderate Resolution ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Straw Burning ◽

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Northeast China is China’s primary grain production base. A large amount of crop straw is incinerated every spring and autumn, which greatly impacts air quality. To study the degree of influence of straw burning on urban pollutant concentrations, this study used The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Terra Thermal Anomalies & Fire Daily L3 Global 1 km V006 (MOD14A1) and The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer/Aqua Thermal Anomalies and Fire Daily L3 Global 1 km V006 (MYD14A1) data from 2015 to 2017 to extract fire spot data on arable land burning and to study the spatial distribution characteristics of straw burning on urban pollutant concentrations, temporal variation characteristics and impact thresholds. The results show that straw burning in Northeast China is concentrated in spring and autumn; the seasonal spatial distributions of PM2.5, PM10 andAir Quality Index (AQI) in 41 cities or regions in Northeast China correspond to the seasonal variation of fire spots; and pollutants appear in the peak periods of fire spots. In areas where the concentration coefficient of rice or corn is greater than 1, the number of fire spots has a strong correlation with the urban pollution index. The correlation coefficient R between the number of burned fire spots and the pollutant concentration has a certain relationship with the urban distribution. Cities are aggregated in geospatial space with different R values.

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Increase associated risk of gynaecological cancer due to long-term exposure to high concentration of atmospheric SO2 industrial pollutant

Indoor and Built Environment ◽

10.1177/1420326x211003655 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1420326X2110036

Author(s):

Qian Xu ◽

Chan Lu ◽

Rachael Gakii Murithi ◽

Lanqin Cao

Keyword(s):

Time Windows ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Gynaecological Cancer ◽

High Concentration ◽

The Past ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Using Data ◽

Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽

Control Study

A cohort case–control study was conducted in XiangYa Hospital, Changsha, China, which involved 305 patients and 399 healthy women, from June 2010 to December 2018, to evaluate the association between Chinese women’s short- and long-term exposure to industrial air pollutant, SO2 and gynaecological cancer (GC). We obtained personal and family information from the XiangYa Hospital electronic computer medical records. Using data obtained from the air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, we estimated each woman’s exposure to the industrial air pollutant, sulphur dioxide (SO2), for different time windows, including the past 1, 5, 10 and 15 years before diagnosis of the disease. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GC and SO2 exposure. GC was significantly associated with long-term SO2 exposure, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.56 (1.10–2.21) and 1.81 (1.07–3.06) for a per interquartile range increase in the past 10 and 15 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that different groups reacted in different ways to long-term SO2 exposure. We concluded that long-term exposure to high concentration of industrial pollutant, SO2 is associated with the development of GC. This finding has implications for the prevention and reduction of GC.

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Characteristics and Hazard of the Wastewater from the City Garbage Transfer Stations

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2919 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 2919-2925

Author(s):

Qing Wang ◽

Wen Yu Zhao ◽

Bang Ding Ma ◽

Yu Wu ◽

Kang Huai Liu

Keyword(s):

Membrane Separation ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

High Concentration ◽

Average Value ◽

Urban Sewage ◽

Waste Transfer ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Transfer Stations ◽

The City

Nine wastewater samples of waste transfer stations had been gathered and analysis in Guilin city. The results indicate that all sewage belongs to high concentration organic wastewater originating from the waste transfer stations. The average value of wastewater’s COD is 5759mg/L and the maximum value is nearly 28000 mg/L. Its organic pollutants are mainly related to the residues of animals and plants. The content of lead(Pb), Chromium (Cr) and other toxic heavy metals in the wastewater could be 10 times higher than emissions standards, and especially total phosphorus’(TP) content could reach to more than 20 times of discharge standard. In order to protect the environmental quality in the vicinity of them and normally operating of the urban sewage treatment plants, it is necessary that these wastewater should be treated alone. A proposal is that integrated equipment should be made by using some technologies combined biology with membrane separation. Through disperse treatment by the equipment, urban sewage transfer stations could be reused or discharged on standard.

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UAV-Based Air Pollutant Source Localization Using Combined Metaheuristic and Probabilistic Methods

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9183712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 3712 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noe Yungaicela-Naula ◽

Luis E. Garza-Castañon ◽

Youmin Zhang ◽

Luis I. Minchala-Avila

Keyword(s):

Source Localization ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Probabilistic Methods ◽

Polluted Environment ◽

High Concentration ◽

Probability Map ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Pollutant Source ◽

Low Costs ◽

Sensor Information

Air pollution is one of the greatest risks for the health of people. In recent years, platforms based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the monitoring of pollution in the air have been studied to deal with this problem, due to several advantages, such as low-costs, security, multitask and ease of deployment. However, due to the limitations in the flying time of the UAVs, these platforms could perform monitoring tasks poorly if the mission is not executed with an adequate strategy and algorithm. Their application can be improved if the UAVs have the ability to perform autonomous monitoring of the areas with a high concentration of the pollutant, or even to locate the pollutant source. This work proposes an algorithm to locate an air pollutant’s source by using a UAV. The algorithm has two components: (i) a metaheuristic technique is used to trace the increasing gradient of the pollutant concentration, and (ii) a probabilistic component complements the method by concentrating the search in the most promising areas in the targeted environment. The metaheuristic technique has been selected from a simulation-based comparative analysis between some classical techniques. The probabilistic component uses the Bayesian methodology to build and update a probability map of the pollutant source location, with each new sensor information available, while the UAV navigates in the environment. The proposed solution was tested experimentally with a real quadrotor navigating in a virtual polluted environment. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.

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Occurrence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in activated sludge samples in Campinas, SP, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652004000600003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Luciana Urbano Santos ◽

Taís Rondello Bonatti ◽

Romeu Cantusio Neto ◽

Regina Maura Bueno Franco

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

High Concentration ◽

Potential Source ◽

Two Samples ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Flotation Method ◽

Giardia Cysts

Giardia and Cryptosporidium have caused several outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans associated with drinking water. Contaminated sewage effluents are recognized as a potential source of waterborne protozoa. Due to the lack of studies about the occurrence of these parasites in sewage samples in Brazil, we compared the efficiency of two procedures for concentrating cysts and oocysts in activated sludge samples of one sewage treatment plant. For this, the samples were submitted to i) concentration by the ether clarification procedure (ECP) and to ii) purification by sucrose flotation method (SFM) and aliquots of the pellets were examined by immunofluorescence. Giardia cysts were present in all samples (100.0%; n = 8) when using ECP and kit 1 reagents, while kit 2 resulted in six positive samples (85.7%; n = 7). As for SFM, cysts were detected in 75.0% and 100.0% of these samples (for kit 1 and 2, respectively). Regarding Cryptosporidium, two samples (25.0%; kit 1 and 28.5% for kit 2) were detected positive by using ECP, while for SFM, only one sample (examined by kit 1) was positive (12.5%). The results of the control trial revealed Giardia and Cryptosporidium recovery efficiency rates for ECP of 54.5% and 9.6%, while SFM was 10.5% and 3.2%, respectively. Considering the high concentration detected, a previous evaluation of the activated sludge before its application in agriculture is recommended and with some improvement, ECP would be an appropriate simple technique for protozoa detection in sewage samples.

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Ship-handling behavior pattern recognition using AIS sub-trajectory clustering analysis based on the T-SNE and spectral clustering algorithms

Ocean Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.106919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. 106919 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miao Gao ◽

Guo-You Shi

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Spectral Clustering ◽

Behavior Pattern ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Trajectory Clustering ◽

Ship Handling

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The carcinogenic risk of exposure to sulphuric acid fumes from lead acid batteries

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100128397 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 108 (10) ◽

pp. 881-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. J. Houghton ◽

P. S. White

Keyword(s):

Sulphuric Acid ◽

Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Truck Driver ◽

Lead Acid Batteries ◽

Potential Source ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Lead Acid

AbstractProlonged exposure to sulphuric acid fumes is associated with an increased risk of developing laryngeal carinoma. Lead acid batteries are a potential source of these fumes. We present a case of an electric fork lift truck driver who developed laryngeal carcinoma as a result of such exposure.

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Analysis of the cannabinoid content of strains available in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program

Journal of Cannabis Research ◽

10.1186/s42238-019-0011-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas A. Coogan

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Relative Concentration ◽

The State ◽

High Concentration ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Average Value ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Different Strains ◽

Single Laboratory

Abstract Background The six licensed operators in the New Jersey Medicinal Marijuana Program submit their strains of cannabis flower to a single laboratory, administered by the state’s Department of Health, for testing. The results of these tests are made available by the State on a web page for patients, allowing a study of the range of cannabinoid profiles available in the program. Methods Reports on cannabinoid concentrations were collected from 245 test reports released by the State lab; the relative quantities of cannabinoids on all strains was evaluated, as well as trends in the strain types being tested. Results The collection of strain profiles available in New Jersey conforms to results of other population studies, revealing three broad classification of strains based on their relative concentration of cannabinoids: the overwhelmingly majority of strains contain only trace (< 1%) CBDA but high THCA concentration; a handful are balanced in CBDA and THCA content; and a very few strains have a high concentration of CBDA and minimal THCA (< 1%). In those strains that contain more than 1% of both THCA and CBDA, those two substances are present in comparable quantities. The concentration of CBGA is higher in those strains that have the highest THCA concentration, though there are strains that have high THCA (> 20%) with CBGA concentrations at the low end of the range (< 0.5%). In the high CBD strains, the concentration of CBGA is positively correlated with CBDA, but the CBGA concentrations are several fold less in CBD-dominant strains than in THC-dominant strains: the highest measured CBGA concentration in a CBD-dominant strain is only at the average value of CBGA concentration in THC-dominant strains. The most-recently tested strains are overwhelmingly of the THC-dominant type. Conclusions Though some high CBD strains are available in the New Jersey medical marijuana program, the vast majority of strains that have been tested are the THC-dominant strains which contain less than 1% CBDA. The data available from the State does not include any information on how well the different strains sell, but it can be inferred from the trend in strain types tested that the demand in the New Jersey medical market is for THC-dominant strains.

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