scholarly journals Axiomatic Characterizations of a Proportional Influence Measure for Sequential Projects with Imperfect Reliability

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Andries van van Beek ◽  
Peter Borm ◽  
Marieke Quant
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Influence Measure ◽  
Axiomatic Characterizations ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship

We define and axiomatically characterize a new proportional influence measure for sequential projects with imperfect reliability. We consider a model in which a finite set of players aims to complete a project, consisting of a finite number of tasks, which can only be carried out by certain specific players. Moreover, we assume the players to be imperfectly reliable, i.e., players are not guaranteed to carry out a task successfully. To determine which players are most important for the completion of a project, we use a proportional influence measure. This paper provides two characterizations of this influence measure. The most prominent property in the first characterization is task decomposability. This property describes the relationship between the influence measure of a project and the measures of influence one would obtain if one divides the tasks of the project over multiple independent smaller projects. Invariance under replacement is the most prominent property of the second characterization. If, in a certain task group, a specific player is replaced by a new player who was not in the original player set, this property states that this should have no effect on the allocated measure of influence of any other original player.

A Test of Satiation as a Function of Adaptation in Stuttering

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Peterson ◽  
Mary Beth Rieck ◽  
Rita K. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Repeated Readings ◽  
Group A ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To test the relationship of adaptation and satiation as hypothesized by Jakobovits, satiation of meaning as a function of repeated readings for adaptation was measured in the performance of 14 male stutterers. The subjects as a group exhibited both satiation and adaptation, but the two phenomena did not occur simultaneously in a significant number of the members of the group. A reduction in meaningfulness, as measured by the semantic differential, was not shown to be a significant factor in the reduction of stuttering frequency for the individuals in the group. Satiation and adaptation were not established as the same phenomenon, although the two may still be related through another factor.

Appreciation of the importance of pregravid preparation and reproductive attitudes of women of childbearing age in the city of Omsk

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
E N Kravchenko ◽  
R A Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Perinatal Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of the study. Assess the importance of pregravid preparation and outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth, depending on the reproductive attitudes of women in the city of Omsk. Materials and methods. The study included 92 women who were divided into groups: group A (n=43) - women whose pregnancy was planned; group B (n=49) - women whose pregnancy occurred accidentally. Each group was divided into subgroups depending on age: from 18 to 30 and from 31 to 49 years. For each patient included in the study, a specially designed map was filled out. These patients were interviewed at the City Clinical Perinatal Center. Results. Comparative analysis revealed the relationship between the reproductive settings of women of childbearing age and the peculiarity of the course of pregnancy and childbirth in these patients. Summary. The majority of women of fertile age are married: in subgroup AA - 25 (96.2%), AB - 13 (76.5%), BA - 25 (92.6%), BB - 20 (91.0%). The predominant number of women of fertile age have one or more abortions: in subgroup AA - 12 (46.2%), AB - 6 (35.3%), in subgroups of comparison BA - 8 (29.6%), BB - 6 (27.3%). More than half of the women of fertile age surveyed have a history of untreated cervical pathology (from 40.8% to 64.7%). The course of pregnancy in women planning pregnancy in most cases proceeded without complications: in subgroup AA - 13 (50.0%), AB - 11 (64.7%). The most common cause of complicated pregnancy in women whose pregnancy occurred accidentally is the threat of spontaneous miscarriage: in subgroup BA - 15 (55.6%), BB - 16 (72.7%). The uncomplicated course of labor more often [subgroup AA - 19 (73.0%), AB - 12 (70.6%)] was observed in women whose pregnancy was planned and they were motivated to give birth to a healthy child.

The inverse problem of recovering the coefficients of a differential equations on a graph

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-738
Author(s):  
Victor Sadovnichii ◽  
Yaudat Talgatovich Sultanaev ◽  
Azamat Akhtyamov
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Inverse Problems ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Characteristic Equation ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
New Class ◽  
Finite Set

AbstractWe consider a new class of inverse problems on the recovery of the coefficients of differential equations from a finite set of eigenvalues of a boundary value problem with unseparated boundary conditions. A finite number of eigenvalues is possible only for problems in which the roots of the characteristic equation are multiple. The article describes solutions to such a problem for equations of the second, third, and fourth orders on a graph with three, four, and five edges. The inverse problem with an arbitrary number of edges is solved similarly.

scholarly journals sCD14 Level in Saliva of Children and Adolescents with and without Dental Caries, a Hurdle Model

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Gaia Pellegrini ◽  
Marcello Maddalone ◽  
Matteo Malvezzi ◽  
Marilisa Toma ◽  
Massimo Del Fabbro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Soluble Cd14 ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Decayed Tooth ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Soluble CD14 (sCD14) plays an important role in the innate immune response of the oral cavity. The investigation of this biomarker for detection of carious lesions is an even more actual procedure due to its non-invasiveness and the ease of withdrawal. The purpose of the present observational case-control study was to evaluate whether the quantification of sCD14 in children and adolescent’s saliva can discriminate healthy subjects from those suffering from tooth decay. Materials and Methods: 164 subjects (6 to 17 years) were selected and divided into 2 groups: those with at least 1 decayed tooth were assigned to group Decayed (n = 82) and those free from dental caries to group Healthy (n = 82). The amount of salivary soluble CD14 was quantified. Results: Mean salivary soluble CD14 was 28.3 ± 10.8 μg/mL in the Healthy group and 22 ± 9.6 μg/mL in the Decayed group. A hurdle model was applied to the data to estimate both the probability of having carious lesions and their number in relation to sCD14 levels. sCD14 was strongly associated (p < 0.01) with an inverse relation to both the probability of having caries and their number (falling rate of 5% per unit CD14 μg/mL). Conclusions: This data confirms the relationship between sCD14 and the presence of dental caries. However, there is no clear cut off level between healthy and unhealthy subjects, so it is currently not possible to use sCD14 as a biomarker to determine the risk of decays.

scholarly journals ABO groups can play a role in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Samra ◽  
M. Habeb ◽  
R. Nafae
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Seriously Ill

Abstract Background A few people infected by the coronavirus become seriously ill, while others show little to no signs of the symptoms, or are asymptomatic. Recent researches are pointing to the fact that the ABO blood group might play an important role in a person’s susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. Aim of the study: try to understand the relationship between ABO groups and COVID-19 (susceptibility and severity). Results A total of (507) patients were included in this study. The study population was divided based on the ABO blood group into types A+, A−, B+, AB, O+, and O−. Blood group A was associated with high susceptibility of infection: group A, 381 (75.1%); and less common in group O, 97 (19.2%), group B, 18 (3.5%), and group AB, 11 (2.2%). The severity of COVID-19 infection was common in non-blood group O where (20 (7.1%), 4 (26.7%), 2 (11%), and 1 (9%) in type A+, A−, B+, and AB, respectively), while in type O 3.1%. And mechanically ventilated patients were 22 (5.9%), 2 (13.4%), 2 (11.1%), and 1 (1%). Mortality was high in blood groups A and B, 16 (4.37%) and 1 (5.5%), respectively, while in blood group O, it was 1%. Conclusion The incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 were common in non-blood group O. While blood group O was protected against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Antibiotic use and other risk factors at hospital level for outbreaks with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. I. van der Kooi ◽  
M. Koningstein ◽  
A. Lindemans ◽  
D. W. Notermans ◽  
E. Kuijper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship

The first Dutch outbreak due to Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 was observed in mid-2005; by the end of that year, eight hospitals were affected. To study the relationship between hospital-wide antibiotic use and the incidence of 027-linked C. difficile-associated disease (CDAD) three study groups were made: group A, all eight hospitals with an 027-associated epidemic; group B, five of a total of six hospitals with occasional 027 cases, without an increase in CDAD; and group C, ten randomly selected hospitals with no reported 027 epidemics or isolated 027 cases. Quarterly data on CDAD incidences, hygiene measures and the use of fluoroquinolones, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, lincomycins and macrolides were collected for 2004 and 2005, and divided into pre-epidemic and epidemic periods. Using a multilevel Poisson regression analysis, CDAD incidence was linked to antibiotic use in the previous quarter and to certain hygiene measures. In the pre-epidemic period, the total use of the studied antibiotics was comparable between affected and unaffected hospitals. Higher use of second-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and all of the studied antibiotics were independently associated with a small increase in CDAD incidence [relative risk (95 % confidence interval): 1.14 per increase of 100 defined daily doses per 10 000 bed days (1.06–1.23), 1.10 (1.01–1.19) and 1.02 (1.01–1.03), respectively]. However the effect was too small to predict which hospitals might be more prone to 027-associated outbreaks.

scholarly journals Effects of Language Learning Strategies and Learners’ Motivation on Students’ Learning Achievement

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Nai-Ying Chang
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Learning Strategies ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study investigated whether learning strategies had made any impact on learners’ achievement and explored whether learning motivation was correlated with learning strategies. The participants of this study were the students from the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) intermediate level course at a college in Taiwan. The students were given a pretest and a posttest. The mean scores of these tests were compared with a SILL survey (Strategies Inventory for Language Learning) at the end of the investigation. The participants’ course performance was compared with their use of learning strategies. The assumption of the relationship between learning strategies and motivation is that motivated learners have a greater desire to seek out solutions or support from others and employ more strategies to process the new information. The results of this investigation revealed that only the memory strategies had a significant difference in the posttest of Group A on the independent sample t-test analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Prediction of Reproductive Success in Multiparous First Service Dairy Cows by Parameters from In-Line Sensors

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of different parameters from an automatic milking system (AMS) with the pregnancy status of multiparous cows at first service and to assess the accuracy of such a follow-up with regard to blood parameters. Before the insemination of cows, blood samples for measuring biochemical indices were taken from the coccygeal vessels and the concentrations of blood serum albumin (ALB), cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. From oestrus day to seven days after oestrus, the following parameters were registered: milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). The pregnancy status was evaluated using ultrasound “Easy scan” 30–35 days after insemination. Cows were grouped by reproductive status: PG− (non-pregnant; n = 48) and PG+ (pregnant; n = 44). The BHB level in PG− cows was 1.2 times higher (p < 0.005). The electrical conductivity of milk was statistically significantly higher in all quarters of PG− cows (1.07 times) than of PG+ cows (p < 0.05). The arithmetic mean of blood GGT was 1.61 times higher in PG− cows and the NEFA value 1.23 times higher (p < 0.05) compared with the PG+ group. The liver function was affected, the average ALB of PG− cows was 1.19 times lower (p < 0.05) and the AST activity was 1.16 times lower (p < 0.05) compared with PG+ cows. The non-pregnant group had a negative energy balance demonstrated by high in-line milk BHB and high blood NEFA concentrations. We found a greater number of cows with cortisol >0.0.75 mg/dL in the non-pregnant group. A higher milk electrical conductivity in the non-pregnant cows pointed towards a greater risk of mastitis while higher GGT activities together with lower albumin concentrations indicated that the cows were more affected by oxidative stress.

Relationship between portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flows: spectrum of response

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. G1010-G1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kawasaki ◽  
F. J. Carmichael ◽  
V. Saldivia ◽  
L. Roldan ◽  
H. Orrego
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein Ligation ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group D

The relationship between portal tributary blood flow (PBF) and hepatic arterial blood flow (HAF) was studied in awake, unrestrained rats with the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Six distinct patterns of response emerged. In group A (PBF+, HAF 0), ethanol, acetate, glucagon, prostacyclin, and a mixed diet increased PBF without a change in HAF; in group B (PBF+, HAF+), adenosine and histamine increased both PBF and HAF; in group C (PBF 0, HAF+), isoflurane and triiodothyronine did not change PBF but increased HAF; and in group D (PBF-, HAF+), halothane and vasopressin decreased PBF and increased HAF. Acute partial portal vein ligation decreased PBF (56%) and increased HAF (436%). Hypoxia (7.5% O2) decreased PBF (28%) and increased HAF (110%). In group E (PBF+, HAF-), acute hepatic artery ligation increased PBF (35%) and reduced HAF (74%), while in group F (PBF-, HAF-), thyroidectomy reduced PBF and HAF (36 and 47%, respectively). All blood flow responses were accompanied by the expected changes in both portal tributary and hepatic arterial vascular resistances. The data suggest that the portal and hepatic arterial vascular territories have regulatory mechanisms that allow for independent changes.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: IV. A SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL SCORE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McLaughlan ◽  
C. G. Rogers ◽  
D. G. Chapman ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bio Assay

Available evidence has shown that most common foods are deficient in lysine, methionine, or in methionine and cystine. Based on the determination of these amino acids, a simplified chemical score was developed and compared with protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) values determined with the same samples. Each of 43 foods was assigned to either of two categories: (a) foods apparently deficient in lysine or (b) in methionine (+ cystine). With 16 foods in the former group there was a high degree of correlation between lysine concentration and P.E.R. With 27 foods in the latter group, a good correlation was found between the methionine (+ cystine) concentration and P.E.R. Since the regression lines for the two groups were different, a factor was added to the methionine (+ cystine) values to simplify the relationship. That foods deficient in lysine or in methionine (+ cystine) fell into two distinct groups appeared to be substantiated by data available in the literature. Because the simplified method is relatively rapid, yields reproducible results, and correlates with animal assays, it is proposed as a rapid screening procedure for the evaluation of protein in foods, but is not intended to replace the rat bio-assay method.

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