Biochemical and Physiological Parameters in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet: The Protective Effect of Chronic Treatment with Purple Grape Juice (Bordo Variety)

High-fat-diet (HFD) has been related to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Consumption of grapes and their byproducts containing phenolic compounds has been reported due to the benefits they produce for human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and protective effect of chronic intake of purple grape juice on certain biochemical and physiological changes promoted by the consumption of HFD. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups to receive standard or HFD diet and/or conventional (CGJ) or organic grape juice (OGJ) for three months. Dietary intake, body weight gain, cardiometabolic parameters, and serum lipoperoxidation were investigated. Results showed that consumption of CGJ and OGJ changed the pattern of food and drink intake of the animals. There was a reduction in the body weight of animals that consumed grape juices and an increase in the weight gain in HFD and OGJ rats. HFD increased abdominal fat and the abdominal fat/weight ratio, and both grape juices prevented these modifications. HFD increased hepatic enzymes levels (aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)) and reduced urea. Purple grape juices prevented some of these changes. HFD enhanced lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in serum and CGJ and OGJ prevented this increase. The consumption of purple grape juice has the potential to prevent and ameliorate most of the alterations provoked by HFD, therefore regular intake of grape products could promote beneficial effects.

Download Full-text

Effects of combined glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptor modulation (CORT118335) on energy balance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in male rats

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00018.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 317 (2) ◽

pp. E337-E349

Author(s):

Elizabeth T. Nguyen ◽

Sarah Berman ◽

Joshua Streicher ◽

Christina M. Estrada ◽

Jody L. Caldwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Receptor Modulation

Psychological stress and excess glucocorticoids are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids act primarily through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), and compounds modulating these receptors show promise in mitigating metabolic and cardiovascular-related phenotypes. CORT118335 (GR/MR modulator) prevents high-fat diet-induced weight gain and adiposity in mice, but the ability of this compound to reverse obesity-related symptoms is unknown. Adult male rats were subcutaneously administered CORT118335 (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily. A 5-day treatment with CORT118335 at 30 mg/kg induced weight loss in rats fed a chow diet by decreasing food intake. However, lower doses of the compound attenuated body weight gain primarily because of decreased calorific efficiency, as there were no significant differences in food intake compared with vehicle. Notably, the body weight effects of CORT118335 persisted during a 2-wk treatment hiatus, suggesting prolonged effects of the compound. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate a sustained effect of combined GR/MR modulation on body weight gain. These findings suggest that CORT118335 may have long-lasting effects, likely due to GR/MR-induced transcriptional changes. Prolonged (18 days) treatment of CORT118335 (10 mg/kg) reversed body weight gain and adiposity in animals fed a high-fat diet for 13 wk. Surprisingly, this occurred despite a worsening of the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis as well as a disrupted diurnal corticosterone rhythm, suggesting GR agonistic effects in the periphery. We conclude that species and tissue-specific targeting may result in promising leads for exploiting the metabolically beneficial aspects of GR/MR modulation.

Download Full-text

Effects of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics on the Bodyweight, Blood Glucose, Triglyceride and TNF-α of Diet-induced Obesity Rats

Qanun Medika - Medical Journal Faculty of Medicine Muhammadiyah Surabaya ◽

10.30651/jqm.v4i2.4206 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 247

Author(s):

Lenny Octavia ◽

Soebagijo Adi Soelistijo ◽

Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Fat ◽

Tnf Α

Abstract High-fat diet leads to obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bonded to G protein-coupled receptors (GPR)-41 and GPR-43 decreased triglyceride deposits in adipocytes and liver, decreased fatty acid oxidation, increased glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity thus reduced the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study conducted in order to evaluate the effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the body weight, blood glucose, triglyceride, and TNF-α used rats model, which were fed by a high-fat diet. Thirty-eight 6-8 weeks old male rats were fed by high-fat diet for three weeks, then rats were randomly divided into four groups, high-fat diet (HFD), a high fat diet with prebiotics supplementation (HFD+ PRE), a high fat diet with probiotics supplementation (HFD+PRO), and high-fat diet with synbiotics supplementation (HFD+SYN) for three weeks. Blood samples and body weight were measured at the third and sixth week. There was no effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on body weight, triglyceride levels, blood glucose, and TNF-α in rats fed a high-fat diet compared to control. These results suggested that supplementations gave inconsistent results with other studies and needed further researches.Keywords : high fat diet, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, meta-inflammationCorrespondence : [email protected]

Download Full-text

Effectiveness ofCoelatura aegyptiacaExtract Combination with Atorvastatin on Experimentally Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/9726137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ayman Saber Mohamed ◽

Walaa Mohammed Ibrahim ◽

Nashwah Ismail Zaki ◽

Sara Bayoumi Ali ◽

Amel M. Soliman

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Male Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Total Proteins ◽

Group Control

Background. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of clam extract in combination with atorvastatin against experimentally hyperlipidemia in rats.Method. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups (8 rats /group): control, high fat diet (HFD), atorvastatin (AROR), clam extract (CE), and ATOR + CE.Results. The treatments with ATOR and /or CE significantly reduced the body weight gain, AST, ALT, ALP, TL, TC, TG, LDL-C, urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels while they increased total proteins, albumin, and HDL-C. The treatment with ATOR only did not cause any significant change in CK and MDA along with antioxidant system, while the treatment with CE alone or with ATOR significantly decreased CK and MDA accompanied by improving the antioxidant system.Conclusion. Combination of CE extract with atorvastatin improved the hyperlipidemic efficacy and reduced undesirable side effects especially on muscle.

Download Full-text

Hepatic PTP1B Expression Involvement in the Effects of Chinese Medicine Formula Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo Using an Obese Rat Model

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x1100883x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (02) ◽

pp. 301-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Min Li ◽

Bai Chang ◽

Zhong Zhen ◽

Pei-Jie Qin ◽

Wen-Ke Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

The Body ◽

High Dose ◽

Model Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Obese Rats

In this study, we investigated the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine formula Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo (XGJZ) in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Ten male rats in the normal group were fed with a standard diet. Another 50 male obese rats were induced by a 12-week high-fat diet feeding, and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): the model group, the high-dose XGJZ group, the middle-dose XGJZ group, the low-dose XGJZ group, and the sibutramine group. After 14 weeks of treatment, body weight, abdominal fat, blood lipid and serum insulin level were measured, and the protein and gene expression of PTP1B in liver tissue was tested. Our data showed that the body weight of the high-dose and middle-dose groups and the sibutramine group had significant differences in comparison with the model group (p < 0.05), and all three dose groups had significantly reduced abdominal fat (p < 0.05). The triglyceride level of the three dose groups and the sibutramine group, and the total cholesterol level of the middle-dose group were all significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The serum insulin of the high-dose and middle-dose groups also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The expression of hepatic PTP1B mRNA of the three dose groups decreased significantly in comparison with the model group (p < 0.05 or 0.01). The expression of hepatic PTP1B protein of the high-dose and middle-dose groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Our data suggested that XGJZ can modulate the body weight, abdominal fat and blood lipid in the obese rats, and this modulation might improve insulin resistance by inhibiting the PTP1B signal pathway.

Download Full-text

Factor for Adipocyte Differentiation 158 Gene Disruption Prevents the Body Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.34.1257 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1257-1263 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Takahiro Hayashi ◽

Yuriko Nozaki ◽

Makoto Nishizuka ◽

Masahito Ikawa ◽

Shigehiro Osada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Gene Disruption ◽

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

High Fat

Download Full-text

Abstract 75: Chronic Treatment With At2 Receptor Agonist Rescues High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Female Mice.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a75 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed A Khan ◽

Preethi Samuel ◽

Sourashish Nag ◽

Tahir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Adipocyte Size ◽

High Fat ◽

Female Mice ◽

Diet Induced Obesity

Obesity in itself is a disease condition and a major risk factor in the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Therefore, successful strategies for improving obesity and related metabolic risk factors are needed. Role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Recently, we have shown that AT2R knock-out in female mice caused a greater body weight gain and hyperinsulimia in response to high fat diet (HFD). In the present study, we hypothesize that AT2R activation rescues diet-induced obesity in females. To test this hypothesis, we injected AT2R non-peptide agonist C21 (0.3mg/kg/day i.p) in C57BL6 female mice on HFD for 12 weeks. C21-treatment did not affect the HFD calorie intake (HFD: 937±18 Kcal; C21HFD: 886±37 Kcal) but caused lesser body weight gain compared to control (HFD: 4.4± 0.4g; C21HFD: 3.06± 0.4g). Similar to the body weight gain pattern, gonadal fat weight and adipocyte size were decreased significantly in C21-treated mice on HFD compared to control HFD group (HFD: 4.4± 0.4 g; C21 HFD: 3.06± 0.4g) and (HFD: 6404±161.6μm2 ; C21HFD: 3874±103.2μm2 ) respectively. Moreover, the C21-treated females on HFD had lower levels of plasma insulin, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased plasma free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides. Western blot revealed that phospho-Ser79-acetyl CoA carboxylase (p-Ser79-ACC-1) was reduced, an index of increased lipogenic activity and decreased β-oxidation process, in both adipose (Adi) and hepatic (Hep) tissues of HFD fed groups (Adi: 86% and Hep: 73% of 100% controls); C21-treatment revered the decrease in p-ser79-ACC-1 in Adi (104% of control) and caused an increase in Hep (122% of control) respectively. The HFD feeding lowered the estradiol level (ND: 38.8±2.6 vs HFD:11.3±1.2ng), which was modestly reversed by C21 treatment (C21HFD:17.4± 1.5ng) in HFD mice. Our results strongly suggest that stimulation of AT2R in female mice positively contribute, predominantly independent of estrogen, to rescue body weight gain and adipocyte size increase in response to HFD. We propose reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipid β-oxidation as potential mechanisms linked to AT2R action in reducing obesity and its related metabolic disorders in females.

Download Full-text