scholarly journals Effects of Open and Forest Habitats on Distribution and Diversity of Bumblebees (Bombus) in the Małopolska Upland (Southern Poland): Case Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bąk-Badowska ◽  
Anna Wojciechowska ◽  
Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Stellarietea Mediae ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Habitats

Bumblebees are an important insect group occurring in different land ecosystems, but the number of these species has declined dramatically across Poland as well as in Europe in recent years. The fragmentation of bumblebee habitats influences the abundance and richness in community composition and trophic and competitive interactions. During the years 2003–2006 and 2017–2020, we studied the diversity and distribution of bumblebee species in two natural (boron-mixed Vaccinio-Piceetea and riparian forest Querco-Fagetea) and two semi-natural (segetal-ruderal Stellarietea mediae ruderal Artemisietea vulgaris) habitats in southern Poland. For that, we evaluated how habitats as well as local flowering communities influenced bumblebees’ abundance, richness, and community composition in 16 sites (which are located in four parks). Bumblebee communities responded to environmental factors in different ways according to the type of habitat. Vegetation factors were the most important drivers of bumblebee community structures. Forests showed the lowest bumblebee abundance, richness, and diversity, and the highest dominance levels of these parameters were found in the open ruderal-segetal habitats. The meadows from the Molinio arrhenatheretea class were characterized by bumblebee communities with a more complex structure. Species diversity was positively correlated with open ruderal-segetal habitats, and negatively with mixed forest cover, while abundance was positively correlated with forest cover. Studies like this are necessary to anticipate the impact of habitat fragmentation on bumblebee decline.

scholarly journals Emergency ambulance speed characteristics: a case study of Lesser Poland voivodeship, southern Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Lupa ◽  
Monika Chuchro ◽  
Wojciech Sarlej ◽  
Katarzyna Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe correct estimation of ambulance travel time is an extremely important issue from the perspective of healthcare and the security of citizens. In some events, the threat to the health or life of an injured person increases with each minute of waiting for an ambulance. The authors of this article analyzed how ambulances travel throughout the entire Lesser Poland voivodeship in southern Poland. Based on the analysis of 300 million GPS records that were collected over several years from 300 ambulances, real ambulance speed characteristics were compiled for the most important cities in the region. The obtained results regarding ambulance speed characteristics were used to understand the correlation between ambulance speed, the density of the road network, and the built-up areas of a given city. Furthermore, the impact on the speed of ambulances of traffic, time of day, day of the week, or the season was also examined. The influence of the use of ambulances’ lights/sirens on travel time was also examined. The culmination of the research was the presentation of the theoretical foundations of coverage maps and a method of implementing them based on the determined speed characteristics. The presented studies show that the speed at which ambulances move is a very local phenomenon. Also, a relatively constant average speed of ambulances throughout the whole week was found. Moreover, a difference in speed between signaled and non-signaled ambulance trips was observed. The speed characteristics that were obtained were used as input data for the development of dynamic coverage maps, which are an invaluable tool for supporting the decisions of ambulance dispatchers.

scholarly journals Post-Event Cinema Discourse: Concept, Functioning, Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-617
Author(s):  
Tina A. Kubrak
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Discourse Organization ◽  
The Impact

The problems of the organization and functioning of post-event cinema discourse are discussed in the article. Post-event discourse is shaped by the viewers and represents their response statements in a communicative interaction with the movie; it reflects the processes of perception and understanding of the film by the audience. It is discussed that if there is a real event underlying the film, the film itself becomes a post-event discourse, forming or reinterpreting the ideas about what happened depending on the cultural and historical context. The results of an empirical study that implements a case study methodology are presented. A thematic analysis of the post-event Internet discourse, expressed in the statements about a particular film (“T-34”), has been carried out. A thematic map that revealed the structure of the post-event cinema discourse and its simplified versions, due to the genre features of the film has been developed. It is shown that viewers not only interpret the plot of the film, but also rethink the events behind it, express the effects of influence, raise topics for discussion that are not directly related to the film. The structure of post-event discourse changes depending on the characteristics of the audience. It has been revealed that the significant part of the audience perceived the film in accordance with the original function of cinema as “entertainment”. This determined both the peculiarities of its understanding and the effects of the impact, mainly emotional. Another part of the audience discovered the cognitive implications of the film and demonstrated a more complex structure of post-event discourse organization; understanding the film in a broader context contributed to the comprehension and actualization of additional themes. It is assumed that the unfolding post-event discourse in the process of communicative interaction of the viewer with the film contributes to the formation of discursive reality.

scholarly journals Effects of field margins and other uncultivated fields on Orthoptera assemblages in the mountainous paddy field area of northeast Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Teruaki Irie
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
The Impact

To understand how farmlands help maintain biodiversity, we investigated the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and Orthoptera community composition on multiple spatial scales. First, we determined the impact of 12 environmental variables on the Orthoptera community diversity by sampling 37 quadrats in uncultivated fields over a broad spatial scale. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that environmental parameters influenced species composition. The first two canonical axes were associated with forest cover, grass (including harvested dried grass in some cases), bare or paddy fields, and plants with tall stems. Secondly, we conducted a local-scale survey of Orthoptera assemblages in an operational farm unit consisting of paddy fields, fallow fields, marginal grass fields, and secondary forests. Eleven Orthoptera species (46%) were found exclusively on specific vegetation types. Thirdly, we carried out a habitat-scale survey to elucidate the correspondence between consecutive spatial changes in vegetation and Orthoptera community composition in a paddy field and surrounding marginal fields. Even within narrower ranges, the compositional habitat heterogeneity induced changes in the dominant Orthoptera species composition. These results indicate that a high degree of habitat segregation occurs among Orthoptera species in field margins and in uncultivated fields, and that farmland management significantly affects spatial distribution of Orthoptera.

scholarly journals Prioritization in wildfire restoration using GIS-based ordered weighted averaging (OWA): A case study in southern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-497
Author(s):  
Tanner Noth ◽  
◽  
Claus Rinner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Decision Strategies ◽  
Owa Operators ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Ordered Weighted Averaging ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Impact

<abstract> <p>Wildfires are a prevalent natural disaster that can significantly impact human populations and result in considerable losses. With a changing climate, wildfires in many countries have increased in intensity and frequency, making effective restoration efforts in affected areas crucial. This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of ordered weighted averaging (OWA), a GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis technique, in identifying priority areas for wildfire restoration. A case study using the 2009 Station Fire in California is presented, using the restoration criteria of slope, erodibility, proximity to forest cover, and proximity to surface water. By applying both importance and order weights, multiple OWA decision strategies with varying risk levels were examined. Different strategies greatly influence the spatial distribution of land considered high and low priority for wildfire restoration, each with varying levels of trade off. In the OWA decision space, placing full emphasis on the highest (best) values (using the risk-taking OR operator) or the lowest values (using the risk-averse AND operator) resulted in composite priority maps that cannot be recommended for practical use. More nuanced scenarios are achieved with the OWA operators representing a range of compromise decision strategies between these extremes. The OWA technique in GIS can thus help to explore the impact of decision-makers' risk attitudes in a wildfire restoration setting.</p> </abstract>

The impact of digitalization on business processes: case study: Kosovo SMEs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylber Limani ◽  
Edmond Hajrizi ◽  
Rina Sadriu
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
The Impact
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