scholarly journals At the Origins of Tobacco-Smoking and Tea Consumption in a Virgin Population (Yakutia, 1650–1900 A.D.): Comparison of Pharmacological, Histological, Economic and Cultural Data

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Matthias Macé ◽  
Camille Richeval ◽  
Ameline Alcouffe ◽  
Liubomira Romanova ◽  
Patrice Gérard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
The 19Th Century

(1) Background: The way tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations is of major interest our understanding of how ancient economic and cultural practices could have influenced current habits. (2) Methods: hair concentrations of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples from 47 frozen bodies of people from eastern Siberia, dated from the contact with Europeans to the assimilation of people into Russian society. (3) Results: hair concentration of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black, or local herbal teas. Shortly after the first contacts, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after and heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century (4) Conclusions: Economic factors and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration into Siberian culture and was a determinant for the continuity of its use across long periods of time. Analyzing the respective contributions of social and economic processes in the use of these substances opens avenues of investigation for today’s public health.

scholarly journals Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Macé ◽  
Camille Richeval ◽  
Liubomira Romanova ◽  
Patrice Gérard ◽  
Sylvie Duchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
The North ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Data

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations.DesignRetrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region.SettingEastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century).Participants47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from YakutiaInterventionLevels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated.Main outcome measureWe combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived.ResultsHair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on.ConclusionEpidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time.

Foreign photographers in Siberia: photography as a mean of dehumanization

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Evgeniy P. Ekimov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

This cultural research is the analysis of the foreign photographers’ activities in Siberia from the second half of the 19th century to the present time. We consider the issue of dehumanization of Russian society and culture by means of foreign photography. On the basis of real photographs published on the Internet, the author compiled a list of all Western photographers who visited Siberia and proved their destructive and countercultural, political, and non-artistic goals aimed at weakening the Russian state and Russian people dehumanization; we confirmed it by the final relevant foreign publications. Some research materials are documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and are the first time in scientific discourse. Until now, researchers consid-ered the activities of foreign photographers in Eastern Siberia mainly in the specialty of history, exclusively as a source base positively. The novelty of this cultural research lies in the fact that foreign photography of Eastern Siberia is considered from the perspective of the tasks set for for-eign photographers by their foreign customers, as well as from aesthetic and artistic positions. Thus, we prove the negative nature of the foreign photographers’ activities in Eastern Siberia.

Sasak People’s Resistance Against Mataram-Karangasem and Dutch Colonial Rulers: The Role of Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tohri ◽  
H. Habibuddin ◽  
Abdul Rasyad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

This article discusses the Sasak people’s resistance against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonial rulers in the 19th century in Lombok, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu and his central role in the emergence of Sasak people’s resistance which transformed into Sasak physical revolution local and global imperialismcolonialism. Using the historical method, this article collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis involved the historical methods of heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that Sasak people’s resistance was not only caused by economic factors but also related to other factors such as social, cultural, and religious ones. Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu played a key role in the Sasak people’s resistance in that it was under his leadership and influence that the resistance transformed into a physical struggle against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonialism as seen in Sakra War and Praya War which were led by his students and friends.

Gullah-Geechee settlement patterns from slavery to freedom: Investigation of a Georgia plantation slave quarter

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford Botwick
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Origin Time ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Slave Quarters ◽  
Enslaved African Americans ◽  
The 19Th Century

Gullah-Geechee is a creole culture that emerged among enslaved African Americans in the coastal Southeastern United States. Modern material expressions of this culture include a distinctive settlement type, the family compound, consisting of loosely clustered residences and outbuildings. The arrangement of these settlements resembles colonial slave quarters but differs from antebellum “slave rows.” Gullah-Geechee family compounds existed by the mid-20th century, but their origin, time depth, and evolution from linear quarters are unclear. Archaeological study of the Wilson–Miller plantation slave quarter near Savannah, occupied over most of the 19th Century, indicated that the Gullah-Geechee residential compound appeared soon after Emancipation. The study also suggested that communal outdoor space was important in maintaining cultural practices that were expressed in both colonial and post-Emancipation settlement patterns.

«Russia, Russia! Keep Yourself, Keep it!..» Book review: Essays on the History of Russian Custodians (‘Khranitel’stvo’

2021 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Boris Yu. Aleksandrov ◽  
Olga Ye. Puchnina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Intellectual Culture ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Phenomenon ◽  
The 19Th Century

The ideas of conservative modernization of Russian society are currently very relevant. However, the concept of «conservatism» in modern discourse is very ambiguous, and most importantly, not fully relevant to the complex of domestic socio-political and religious-philosophical ideas that have developed since the existence of the Old Russian state. A much more precise definition in this regard is the concept of “Khranitel’stvo”, which organically developed in the Russian tradition almost until the end of the 19th century and which is a unique and original phenomenon of the intellectual culture of Russia. On the basis of large historical and theoretical material, the authors of the monograph study the ideological origins, essence and evolution of «Khranitel’stvo» as a specific socio-political direction of Russian thought.

scholarly journals «THE LAST CIVIL GOVERNOR OF OLD FINLAND» – OFFICIAL ACTIVITY OF IVAN IVANOVICH WINTER ACCORDING TO THE DOCUMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (05) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
T.V. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study of the pre-revolutionary institution of governorship, its interaction with the central authorities is extremely important. Objective coverage of historical events predetermines a diverse interest in both national and local characters. Military and civilian governors of Imperial Russia have always been at the center of the political, economic and cultural life of individual provinces. They had a significant impact on provincial life not only due to personal qualities, but also due to the prevailing attitude towards them in public consciousness. In terms of importance, the governor for local officials and ordinary people was in second place after the monarch, and sometimes on the same level with him. However, such a perception by the local society of the figure of the governor did not exclude the fact that people could be enrolled in this position only by coincidence. The decisive role was played by the position taken by the monarch and his immediate entourage, and the real volume of power and the well-being of the region depended on the degree of trust of the central authorities in this or the new governor. Not only talented leaders were appointed to the governor's posts in the Finnish province (Old Finland), but officials who necessarily had organizational and administrative-managerial experience. Based on the preserved archival documents, the article tells about one of them - Ivan Ivanovich Vintere, whose administrative "rise" and "fall" reveal the peculiarities of interaction of various levels in the vertical of power at the beginning of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Food Sovereignty Practices at the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Tsyunhehkw^ Farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Kruk-Buchowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Traditional Religion ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Creation Story ◽  
Oneida Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Three Sisters

The paper looks at the role of traditional foodways and related cultural practices in Oneida’s contemporary food sovereignty efforts, and the various understandings of the continuity of food and agricultural traditions in the community. The tribe’s Tsyunhehkw^’s (joon-hen-kwa) farm, whose name loosely translates into “life sustenance” in English, serves important cultural, economic and educational purposes. It grows Oneida white flint corn, which is considered sacred by the tribe and is used for ceremonial purposes, it grows the tobacco used for ceremonies and runs a traditional Three Sisters Garden. The Three Sisters – corn, beans and squash, are an important part of the Oneida creation story, as well as the vision of Handsome Lake – a Seneca prophet from the turn of the 19th century, who played an significant role in the revival of traditional religion among the People of the Longhouse.[1] They inform the work done at Tsyunhehkw^ to provide healthful food for the Oneida community. [1]The Oneida form part of the Iroquois Confederacy (as called by the French), referred to as the League of Five Nations by the English, or the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, as they call themselves. Haudenosaunee translates into the People of the Longhouse. The Confederacy, which was founded by the prophet known as Peacemaker with the help of Hiawatha, is made up of the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. It was intended as a way to unite the nations and create a peaceful means of decision making. The exact date of the joining of the nations is unknown and it is one of the first and longest lasting participatory democracies in the world (“About the Haudenosaunee Confederacy” 2019).

scholarly journals “The Escape in the Desert” in Book Culture and Literature of Pre-Peter Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Isachenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
19Th Century Literature ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Century Literature

<p>&nbsp;The motif of &ldquo;the escape from paradise&rdquo; has recently become one more time the subject of historical poetics. This motif is opposed to &ldquo;the expulsion from paradise&rdquo; accepted in Western literature. In the perception of scholars the motif of &ldquo;the escape from paradise&rdquo; in 19th century literature took a paradoxical form of &ldquo;loneliness&rdquo; (Dmitriev, Pushkin, Ostrovsky and Batyushkov) and then was designated as a &ldquo;moving&rdquo; model of a Russian man&rsquo;s life who escapes from Paradise&nbsp;&mdash; a &ldquo;homeostatic&rdquo; society (L.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Gumilev). The transformation of the motif from a &ldquo;stable&rdquo; model to a &ldquo;moving&rdquo; one led to formation of a new Russian character&nbsp;&mdash; a &ldquo;homeless wanderer&rdquo; mentioned by F.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Dostoevsky in his &ldquo;Pushkin Speech&rdquo;. The article puts forward a thesis that under the influence of wandering a part of Russian society feel inclined for Old Russian forms of world outlook that incites person&rsquo;s searches for life paradise in his own soul. This trend appears in the pilgrimage and theological literature of the 19th century. The transformation of the ratio between the &ldquo;stable&rdquo; and the &ldquo;moving&rdquo; towards the Old Russian ideal of wandering brings man to the saving paths of evangelical commandments. The theme of &ldquo;escape in the desert&rdquo; is closely related to the theme of &ldquo;Mental Paradise&rdquo;. In this regard, the key plot of the popular collection &ldquo;Mental Paradise&rdquo; popular in the 17th century and released in Wallay Iversky Monastery in 1658&ndash;1659 is considered. Based on the manuscripts the article shows how the motives of &ldquo;Paradise&rdquo; and &ldquo;escape in the desert&rdquo; having preceded the trends and having been developed in the 19th century leading to the prosperity of pilgrimage literature, are presented in literature of pre-Peter Russia.</p>

Class, Consumption, and Ethnic Performance in Vaudeville

Prospects ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hodin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the last decade of the 19th century, vaudeville became the nation's most popular entertainment form, drawing unprecedented numbers of spectators and appealing to members of diverse socioeconomic groups by staging a rapid succession of acrobats, comedians, legitimate theater stars, pet-tricks, and dramatic sketches. In a cultural scene that Lawrence Levine and others tell us was marked by the historical separation between legitimate and mass cultural practices, critical observers (then and since) have greeted the diversity of vaudeville's audience and the range of its performance with a mixture of surprise and liberal enthusiasm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document