scholarly journals Dietary Fatty Acids and Microbiota-Brain Communication in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Marrone ◽  
Roberto Coccurello

The gut-brain axis is a multimodal communication system along which immune, metabolic, autonomic, endocrine and enteric nervous signals can shape host physiology and determine liability, development and progression of a vast number of human diseases. Here, we broadly discussed the current knowledge about the either beneficial or deleterious impact of dietary fatty acids on microbiota-brain communication (MBC), and the multiple mechanisms by which different types of lipids can modify gut microbial ecosystem and contribute to the pathophysiology of major neuropsychiatric diseases (NPDs), such as schizophrenia (SCZ), depression and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-45
Author(s):  
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur ◽  
◽  
Gautam Allahbadia ◽  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
◽  
...  

Aim Having reviewed earlier the role of probiotics in obesity and other associated metabolic disorders like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), engineering probiotics for cholera and other neuronal diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson disease with incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) so much on the rise, Here the aim of this systematic review is to highlight the influence of dietary patterns, like fatty acids, other lipids on role of maternal stress and the neuropsychiatric disease (NPD) formation along with influence of probiotics in reverting them. Method A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar, Search engine with the MeSH Terms; “Impaired lipid metabolism”; “Oxidative stress”; “inflammation”; “Gut Microbiota (GM)”; “NPD”; “Schizophrenia (SCZ)”; “Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”; “Bipolar disorders (BD)”; “Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)”; “5-hydroxy tryptamine (5HT)”; “Brain derived neutrotrophicfactor (BDNF)”; “Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)”; “Saturated (SFA)”; “Depression”; “Resolvins”; “Protectins”; “Short chain fatty acids (SCFA)”; “Probiotics”; “Fecal Transplantation” from 1990 till June 2020. Results We found a total of 900 articles under various subheadings of GM and NPD and probiotics with NPD and SCZ, ASD. One hundred ninety-two (192) articles got selected for this comprehensive review. No meta-analysis was conducted. Conclusion We observed a marked correlation among dietary habits, like utilization of Western diet (WD) with marked escalation of intake of high fat, high sugar rich diet escalated n6 PUFAS over n3 PUFAS and influence on GM that is not helpful in digestion of the nondigestible fibers in form of starch along with generation of butyrate aiding in certain beneficial effects and on formation of various neurochemicals like escalation of BDNF while increased GABA, reduced 5HT formation alteration of tryptophan metabolism is seen in these WD food and we have tried to detail the role of SCFA formation, generation of resolvins and how they work in the formation of various NPD besides maternal diet during pregnancy and how it determines infants microglial priming and later determinants of early stress.


2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio De Felice ◽  
Cinzia Signorini ◽  
Silvia Leoncini ◽  
Alessandra Pecorelli ◽  
Thierry Durand ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Colizzi ◽  
Elena Sironi ◽  
Federico Antonini ◽  
Marco Luigi Ciceri ◽  
Chiara Bovo ◽  
...  

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak could result in higher levels of psychological distress, especially among people suffering from pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability to unpredictable and complex changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASD individuals, whether any pre-pandemic sociodemographic or clinical characteristics would predict a negative outcome, and to narratively characterize their needs. Parents and guardians of ASD individuals filled out an online survey consisting of 40 questions investigating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of their children, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on their wellbeing and needs to deal with the emergency. Data were available on 527 survey participants. The COVID-19 emergency resulted in a challenging period for 93.9% of families, increased difficulties in managing daily activities, especially free time (78.1%) and structured activities (75.7%), and, respectively, 35.5% and 41.5% of children presenting with more intense and more frequent behavior problems. Behavior problems predating the COVID-19 outbreak predicted a higher risk of more intense (odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–3.29) and more frequent (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.13–2.48) disruptive behavior. Even though ASD children were receiving different types of support, also requiring specialist (19.1%) or emergency (1.5%) interventions in a relatively low proportion of cases, a number of needs emerged, including receiving more healthcare support (47.4%), especially in-home support (29.9%), as well as interventions to tackle a potentially disruptive quarantine (16.8%). The COVID-19 outbreak has undoubtedly resulted in increased difficulties among ASD individuals.


Author(s):  
Н.В. Соловьева ◽  
С.В. Чаусова ◽  
И.В. Кичук ◽  
Е.В. Макарова

Расстройства аутистического спектра (РАС) являются сложной группой нейропсихиатрических заболеваний с точки зрения этиопатогенеза. В основе нейрональных нарушений, приводящих к аутистической симптоматике, лежат дисфункции сигнальных путей. Согласно последним исследованиям одним из наиболее значимых сигнальных путей в развитии данной группы заболеваний является кальциевый сигнальный путь. Кальциевая сигнализация тесно связана с такими сигнальными путями, как MAPK-, Wnt-, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-, нарушение в работе которых приводит к нарушениям серотонинергической, дофаминергической, опиоидной, холинергической, глутаматергической, ГАМКергической передачи и влечет за собой эксайтотоксичность за счёт гиперактивации NMDA- и AMPA-рецепторов, повреждение и гибель нейронов. Все эти процессы в нейрональных клетках напрямую связаны с формированием долговременного потенцирования и депрессии, а нарушения в этих клетках приводят к дисфункции базисных психических процессов. С клинической точки зрения кальциевый сигнальный путь может стать одной из основных мишеней для фармакологической коррекции симптоматических проявлений РАС. Очевидно, что дальнейшие исследования на животных моделях и электрофизиологические клинические исследования необходимы для понимания патогенетических особенностей развития РАС, а также какое именно место занимает сигнальный путь Ca 2+ в данных состояниях. Дальнейшие исследования необходимы, для прояснения потенциальной роли сигнализации Ca 2+в изменениях социального или стериотипического поведении пациентов, что является основной обенностью РАС. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neuropsychiatric diseases with a complex etiopathogenesis. Neuronal disorders leading to autistic symptoms are determined by dysfunction of signaling pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that the calcium signaling pathway is one of the major significant pathways for this group of disorders. Calcium signaling is closely linked to MAPK-, Wnt-, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR -pathways, which abnormalities lead to dysfunction of serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioidergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic transmission and result in excitotoxicity due to hyperactivation of NMDA and AMPA receptors and neuronal damage and death. These processes in neuronal cells are associated with formation of long-term potentiation and depression, and disturbances in these cells lead to failure of basic mental processes. From a clinical point of view, the calcium signaling pathway can become one of major targets for the pharmacological treatment of symptomatic ASD. Obviously, further animal studies and electrophysiological human studies are required for understanding pathogenetic mechanisms of ASD and the contribution of Ca 2+ signaling. Future research will clarify a potential role of Ca 2+ signaling in social or stereotypic behavior, which constitutes a main feature of ADS.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e102101421932
Author(s):  
Maria Zygopoulou ◽  
Eleni Gkiolnta ◽  
Elpis Papaefstathiou ◽  
Kyriaki Sarri ◽  
Christine K. Syriopoulou-Delli

Parents of children with a recently ASD diagnosis face elevated distress and mental health problems like stress, depression, and anxiety. Lately, few interventions which target directly parents of preschool children well-being have been implemented in some researches. It was conducted a review of studies that empirically tested the effects of different kind of interventions targeting improvements in parents of preschool children with ASD well-being. The objective of this review is to find out the different types of interventions that have been used and the outcomes on parental well-being enhancement. Searching on four databases and following a range of search strategies, a total of 9 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that in most cases, any type of intervention leads to positive effects on parents’ distress and well-being. However, comparisons and conclusions among the different approaches are difficult to be made, as each of the presented studies follows different methodology. Certainly, more studies have to focus on the parents of preschool children with ASD well-being and take into consideration all the limitations of the studies that are reviewed in this paper. Despite this fact, it is very encouraging that more and more researchers and clinicians are concerned about these kinds of interventions in order families with a child with ASD to get supported appropriately.


2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikun Zhang ◽  
Yongxiang Zhao

AbstractMyocyte Enhancer Factor 2 C (MEF2C), one of the transcription factors of the MADS-BOX family, is involved in embryonic brain development, neuronal formation and differentiation, as well as in the growth and pruning of axons and dendrites. MEF2C is also involved in the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the relationship between MEF2C and neuropsychiatric disorders, and provide further insights into the mechanism of these diseases.


2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Anja DOMADENIK

<p>Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of highly heterogenous neurological disorders that are believed to have strong genetic component. Due to the limited use of approaches of functional genomics in human medicine, creating adequate animal models for the study of complex human diseases shows great potential. There are several already established mouse models of autism that offer insight into single phenotypic traits, although causes for its complex phenotype have not yet been fully understood. Development of new technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, represent great capability for targeted genome engineering and establishment of new animal models. This article provides an up to date overview of current knowledge in the area of autism genomics and describes the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the establishment of new mouse models, representing sgRNA design as one of the initial steps in planning a CRISPR/Cas9 single knock-out experiment. In addition, it offers an overview of current approaches to behavioural studies, explaining how relevant animal models could be developed.</p>


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