scholarly journals Fumonisin B1-Induced Changes in Cotton Fiber Elongation Revealed by Sphingolipidomics and Proteomics

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Ming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Fiber Elongation ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Complex Sphingolipids

Sphingolipids are essential biomolecules and membrane components, but their regulatory role in cotton fiber development is poorly understood. Here, we found that fumonisin B1 (FB1)—a sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor—could block fiber elongation severely. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we detected 95 sphingolipids that were altered by FB1 treatment; of these, 29 (mainly simple sphingolipids) were significantly increased, while 33 (mostly complex sphingolipids) were significantly decreased. A quantitative analysis of the global proteome, using an integrated quantitative approach with tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and LC-MS/MS, indicated the upregulation of 633 and the downregulation of 672 proteins after FB1 treatment. Most differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in processes related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, up to 20 peroxidases (POD) were found to be upregulated, and POD activity was also increased by the inhibitor. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of FB1 treatment on cotton fiber and ovule sphingolipidomics and proteomics. Our findings provide target metabolites and biological pathways for cotton fiber improvement.

scholarly journals Reduction of Mycotoxins during Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum to Whole Grain Ting (a Southern African Food)

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adebo ◽  
Eugenie Kayitesi ◽  
Patrick Njobeh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Fungal Secondary Metabolites

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that pose health risks to exposed individuals, requiring necessary measures to reduce them. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), mycotoxins were quantified in whole grain sorghum and ting subsequently derived from two sorghum varieties (high and low tannin). The whole grain (WG) ting samples were obtained by fermenting sorghum with Lactobacillus fermentum strains (FUA 3165 and FUA 3321). Naturally (spontaneously) fermented WG-ting under the same conditions were equally analysed. Among the mycotoxins investigated, fumonisin B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), B3 (FB3), T-2 toxin (T-2), zearalenone (ZEA), alpha-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and beta-zearalenol (β-ZOL) were detected in sorghum. Results obtained showed that mycotoxin concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced after fermentation. In particular, L. fermentum FUA 3321 showed the capability to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduce all the mycotoxins by 98% for FB1, 84% for T-2 and up to 82% for α-ZOL, compared to raw low tannin sorghum. Fermenting with the L. fermentum strains showed potential to effectively reduce mycotoxin contamination in whole grain ting. Thus, we recommended L. fermentum FUA 3321 in particular to be used as a potential starter culture in sorghum fermentation.

Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- Infected Macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Tian ◽  
Dongjun Yang ◽  
Qian Long ◽  
Min Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cellular Components

: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium (MA) belong to the intracellular parasitic bacteria. To better understand how MTB survives in macrophages and the different pathogenic mechanisms of MTB and MA, the tandem mass tag (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used for analysis of the differentially expressed proteins in MTB-infected macrophages and MA-infected macrophages. A total of 682 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in MTB-infected cells in comparison with MA-infected cells. Gene Ontology annotation revealed the involvement of 682 differentially expressed proteins in cellular components, biological processes and molecular functions including binding, catalytic activity, metabolic processes, cellular processes, cell part, cell proliferation and apoptosis, etc. Among these, 10 proteins (O60812, P06576, O43660-2, E9PL10, O00442, M0R050, Q9H8H0, Q9BSJ8, P41240 and Q8TD57-3) were down-regulated in MTB-infected cells. We found that M0R050, O00442, Q9H8H0, O60812 and O43660 are interactive proteins which participate in a multitude of cellular RNA processing, suggesting that these five down-regulated proteins might repress the synthesis of some resistant proteins in MTB-infected cells to promote MTB survival in macrophages.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Erythropoiesis Tissue Head Kidney Among three Antarctic Fish Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Jia ◽  
Shaojun Huang ◽  
Wanying Zhai ◽  
Shouwen Jiang ◽  
Wenhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Lineage Marker ◽  
Antarctic Icefish

Abstract Antarctic icefish is the only known vertebrate species that lacks oxygen-carrying hemoglobin and functional erythrocytes. To reveal the unique hematopoietic process of icefish, we used an integrated approach including tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify the dynamic changes in the head kidney whole proteome of a white-blooded icefish, Chionodraco hamatus, compared to those in two other red-blooded Antarctic fish, Trematomus bernacchii and Notothenia coriiceps. Of the 4,672 identified proteins, in the Antarctic ice fish head kidney, 123 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 95 proteins were down-regulated. The functional grouping of differentially expressed proteins based on KEGG pathway analysis shows that white blood fish and red blood fish have significant differences in erythropoiesis, heme biogenesis, leucocyte and platelet cell development. The proteins involved in the hematopoietic process in icefish showed a clear trend of downregulation of erythroid lineage marker proteins and upregulation of lymphoid and megakaryocytic lineage marker proteins, including CD9, ITGB2, and MTOR, which suggests a shift in hematopoiesis in the icefish head kidney due to the loss of erythrocytes. The results of the present study not only provide basic datasets for the head kidney proteins of Antarctic fishes, but also provide important references for studies on immunity and hematopoiesis in various species.

scholarly journals Sphingosine Promotes Embryo Biomass in Upland Cotton: A Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analysis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Suo ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Ming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Sphingolipids are essential membrane components and signal molecules, but their regulatory role in cotton embryo growth is largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of treatment with the sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor fumonisin B1 (FB1), the serine palmityl transferase (SPT) inhibitor myriocin, the SPT sphingolipid product DHS (d18:0 dihydrosphingosine), and the post-hydroxylation DHS product PHS (t18:0 phytosphingosine) on embryo growth in culture, and performed comparative transcriptomic analysis on control and PHS-treated samples. We found that FB1 could inhibit cotton embryo development. At the five-day ovule/embryo developmental stage, PHS was the most abundant sphingolipid. An SPT enzyme inhibitor reduced the fresh weight of embryos, while PHS had the opposite effect. The transcriptomic analysis identified 2769 differentially expressed genes (1983 upregulated and 786 downregulated) in the PHS samples. A large number of transcription factors were highly upregulated, such as zinc finger, MYB, NAC, bHLH, WRKY, MADS, and GRF in PHS-treated samples compared to controls. The lipid metabolism and plant hormone (auxin, brassinosteroid, and zeatin) related genes were also altered. Our findings provide target metabolites and genes for cotton seed improvement.

scholarly journals Variation of Fungal Metabolites in Sorghum Malts Used to Prepare Namibian Traditional Fermented Beverages Omalodu and Otombo

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Nafuka ◽  
Jane Misihairabgwi ◽  
Ronnie Bock ◽  
Anthony Ishola ◽  
Michael Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Fermented Beverages ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
The Eu

Sorghum malts, which are important ingredients in traditional fermented beverages, are commonly infected by mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins may transfer into the beverages, risking consumers’ health. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine variation of fungal metabolites in 81 sorghum malts processed for brewing of Namibian beverages, otombo (n = 45) and omalodu (n = 36). Co-occurrence of European Union (EU)-regulated mycotoxins, such as patulin, aflatoxins (B1, B2, and G2), and fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) was detected in both malts with a prevalence range of 2–84%. Aflatoxin B1 was quantified in omalodu (44%) and otombo malts (14%), with 20% of omalodu malts and 40% of otombo malts having levels above the EU allowable limit. Fumonisin B1 was quantified in both omalodu (84%) and otombo (42%) malts. Emerging mycotoxins, aflatoxin precursors, and ergot alkaloids were quantified in both malts. Notably, 102 metabolites were quantified in both malts, with 96% in omalodu malts and 93% in otombo malts. An average of 48 metabolites were quantified in otombo malts while an average of 67 metabolites were quantified in omalodu malts. The study accentuates the need to monitor mycotoxins in sorghum malts intended for brewing and to determine their fate in the beverages.

scholarly journals Novel targets identified by integrated proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in spermatogenesis of swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-lin Huang ◽  
Peng-fei Zhang ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Weng-tan He ◽  
Kai Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Tripartite Motif ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Abstract To understand mechanisms of spermatogenesis, the proteome and the phosphoproteome in prepubertal and pubertal swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) testes were analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In prepubertal testes, 80 proteins were overexpressed, 148 proteins were underexpressed, and 139 and 142 protein sites had higher and lower phosphorylation, respectively, compared to the levels in pubertal testes. Several of these proteins were associated with reproductive processes such as sexual reproduction, spermatogenesis, fertilization, and spermatid development. In particular, outer dense fiber protein 1 (ODF1), protein maelstrom homolog (MAEL), actin-like protein 7B (ACTL7B), tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated (CABYR), and tripartite motif containing 36 (TRIM36) were upregulated with age at both the proteome and phosphoproteome levels. Combining proteome and phosphoproteome analysis can be effectively applied to study the protein/phosphorylation patterns of buffalo testes. These data provide new regulatory candidates and evidence for a complex network in spermatogenesis in buffalo testes, and serve as an important resource for exploring the physiological mechanism of spermatogenesis in mammals.

scholarly journals Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Chicken Bursa of Fabricius Infected With Reticuloendotheliosis Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahan Yang ◽  
Xiaoping Lv ◽  
Shujun Zhang ◽  
Shimin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Processing ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Reticuloendotheliosis Virus ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Tandem Mass Tag ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Mass Tag

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a type C avian retrovirus that causes immunosuppression, dwarf syndrome, and lymphoma in infected hosts. In this study, we used tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to characterize protein alterations in chicken bursa of Fabricius, before and after REV infection at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Our data showed that 1,127, 999, 910, and 1,138 differentially expressed proteins were significantly altered at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after REV infection, respectively. Morphological analysis showed that REV infection reduced in cortical lymphocytes, bursal follicle atrophy, and nuclear damage. Bioinformatics analysis indicated these proteins were mainly involved with immune responses, energy metabolism, cellular processes, biological regulation, metabolic processes, response to stimuli, and multicellular organismal process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway cluster analysis showed that post-infection, proteins were enriched in the cell cycle, Wnt signaling, antigen processing and presentation, cytokine receptor interaction, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling. In addition, we observed that peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4), peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), catalase (CAT), and peroxidasin (PXDN) were involved in oxidative stress. Some heat shock protein (HSP) family members such as HSPH1, DNAJA4, HSPA8, and HSPA4L also changed significantly after REV infection. These findings help clarify interactions between REV and the host and provides mechanistic insights on REV-induced host immunosuppression.

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