scholarly journals The Impact of Far-Red Light Supplementation on Hormonal Responses to Cold Acclimation in Barley

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahres ◽  
Tamás Pálmai ◽  
Krisztián Gierczik ◽  
Petre Dobrev ◽  
Radomíra Vanková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
White Light ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Cold acclimation, the necessary prerequisite for promotion of freezing tolerance, is affected by both low temperature and enhanced far-red/red light (FR/R) ratio. The impact of FR supplementation to white light, created by artificial LED light sources, on the hormone levels, metabolism, and expression of the key hormone metabolism-related genes was determined in winter barley at moderate (15 °C) and low (5 °C) temperature. FR-enhanced freezing tolerance at 15 °C was associated with promotion of abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and accompanied by a moderate increase in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cis-zeatin levels. The most prominent impact on the plants’ freezing tolerance was found after FR pre-treatment at 15 °C (for 10 days) followed by cold treatment at FR supplementation (7 days). The response of ABA was diminished in comparison with white light treatment, probably due to the elevation of stress tolerance during FR pre-treatment. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were transiently reduced. When the plants were exposed directly to a combination of cold (5 °C) and FR supplementation, ABA increase was higher than in white light, and was associated with enhanced elevation of JA and, in the longer term (after 7 days), with IAA and cis-zeatin increase, which indicates a stronger stress response and better acclimation. Cold hardening was more efficient when FR light was applied in the early developmental stage of the barley plants (three-leaf stage, 18 days), rather than in later stages (28-days). The dynamics of the phytohormone changes are well supported by the expression profiles of the key hormone metabolism-related genes. This series of treatments serves as evidence for the close relationship between plant hormones, light quality, and low temperature at the beginning of cold acclimation. Besides the timing of the FR treatments, plant age also represents a key factor during light spectrum-dependent cold acclimation.

scholarly journals Pressure Point Threshold and ME/CFS comorbidity as Indicators of Physiotherapy Response in Fibromyalgia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera ◽  
María Garcia-Escudero ◽  
Javier Bonastre-Férez ◽  
Mario Zacarés ◽  
Elisa Oltra
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
The Impact

Current pharmacological treatments of Fibromyalgia (FM) are merely symptom palliative, as clinical trials have so far failed to provide overall benefits without associated harms. Polypharmacy often leads to patient´s health deterioration and chronic drug use to an eventual lack of patient´s response. Emerging evidence support that physiotherapy treatments based on mechanical triggers improve FM symptoms and therefore could be used for therapeutic purposes by themselves, or in combination with current pharmacological treatments, as part of integrative medicine programs. However, a paucity of studies rigorously and systematically evaluating this possibility exists. This study uses scores from validated standardized questionnaires, algometer pressure point threshold (PPT) readings and responses from a custom self-developed questionnaire to determine the impact of a pressure-controlled manual protocol on FM hyperalgesia/allodynia, fatigue and patient´s quality of life. The results show that patient´s baseline sensitivity to pain inversely correlates with treatment response in FM. Moreover, patients presenting comorbid ME/CFS do not seem to respond to the applied therapy as those presenting FM only. Thus, pre-treatment PPTs and ME/CFS comorbidity may serve as indicators to predict patient´s response to physiotherapy programs based on mechanical triggers, as the one evaluated here. These unexpected findings grant further explorations including the study of gene expression profiles associating to patient´s treatment response in the blood collection of samples generated by this study.

scholarly journals Autumn Warming Delays the Downregulation of Photosynthesis and Does Not Increase the Risk of Freezing Damage in Interior and Coastal Douglas-fir

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Noordermeer ◽  
Vera Marjorie Elauria Velasco ◽  
Ingo Ensminger
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Xanthophyll Cycle Pigment

During autumn, evergreen conifers utilize the decrease in daylength and temperature as environmental signals to trigger cold acclimation, a process that involves the downregulation of photosynthesis, upregulation of photoprotection, and development of cold hardiness. Global warming will delay the occurrence of autumn low temperatures while daylength remains unaffected. The impact of autumn warming on cold acclimation and the length of the carbon uptake period of species with ranges that encompass diverse climates, such as Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), remains unclear. Our study investigated intraspecific variation in the effects of autumn warming on photosynthetic activity, photosynthetic pigments, and freezing tolerance in two interior (var. glauca) and two coastal (var. menziesii) Douglas-fir provenances. Following growth under simulated summer conditions with long days (16 h photoperiod) and summer temperatures (22/13°C day/night), Douglas-fir seedlings were acclimated to simulated autumn conditions with short days (8 h photoperiod) and either low temperatures (cool autumn, CA; 4/−4°C day/night) or elevated temperatures (warm autumn, WA; 19/11°C day/night). Exposure to low temperatures in the CA treatment induced the downregulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and photosystem II efficiency, increased the size and de-epoxidation of the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool, and caused the development of sustained nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Seedlings in the WA treatment exhibited no downregulation of photosynthesis, no change in xanthophyll cycle pigment de-epoxidation, and no development of sustained NPQ. Albeit these changes, freezing tolerance was not impaired under WA conditions compared with CA conditions. Interior Douglas-fir seedlings developed greater freezing tolerance than coastal seedlings. Our findings suggest that autumn warming, i.e., short photoperiod alone, does not induce the downregulation of photosynthesis in Douglas-fir. Although autumn warming delays the downregulation of photosynthesis, the prolonged period of photosynthetic activity does not bear a trade-off of impaired freezing tolerance.

scholarly journals Mycosporine-like amino acid and aromatic amino acid transcriptome response to UV and far-red light in the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A. Llewellyn ◽  
Carolyn Greig ◽  
Alla Silkina ◽  
Bethan Kultschar ◽  
Matthew D. Hitchings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
White Light ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Chlorogloeopsis Fritschii ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe “UV sunscreen” compounds, the mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are widely reported in cyanobacteria and are known to be induced under ultra-violet (UV) light. However, the impact of far red (FR) light on MAA biosynthesis has not been studied. We report results from two experiments measuring transcriptional regulation of MAA and aromatic amino acid pathways in the filamentous cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912. The first experiment, comparing UV with white light, shows the expected upregulation of the characteristic MAA mys gene cluster. The second experiment, comparing FR with white light, shows that three genes of the four mys gene cluster encoding up to mycosporine-glycine are also upregulated under FR light. This is a new discovery. We observed corresponding increases in MAAs under FR light using HPLC analysis. The tryptophan pathway was upregulated under UV, with no change under FR. The tyrosine and phenylalanine pathways were unaltered under both conditions. However, nitrate ABC transporter genes were upregulated under UV and FR light indicating increased nitrogen requirement under both light conditions. The discovery that MAAs are upregulated under FR light supports MAAs playing a role in photon dissipation and thermoregulation with a possible role in contributing to Earth surface temperature regulation.

scholarly journals Pressure Point Thresholds and ME/CFS Comorbidity as Indicators of Patient’s Response to Manual Physiotherapy in Fibromyalgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8044
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Falaguera-Vera ◽  
María Garcia-Escudero ◽  
Javier Bonastre-Férez ◽  
Mario Zacarés ◽  
Elisa Oltra
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
Chronic Drug Use ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Current pharmacological treatments of Fibromyalgia (FM) are merely symptom palliative, as clinical trials have so far failed to provide overall benefits without associated harms. Polypharmacy often leads to patient’s health deterioration and chronic drug use to an eventual lack of patient’s response. Emerging evidence supports that physiotherapy treatments based on mechanical triggers improve FM symptoms and therefore could be used for therapeutic purposes by themselves or in combination with current pharmacological treatments, as part of integrative medicine programs. However, a paucity of studies rigorously and systematically evaluating this possibility exists. This study uses scores from validated standardized questionnaires, algometer pressure point threshold (PPT) readings and responses from a custom self-developed questionnaire to determine the impact of a pressure-controlled custom manual protocol on FM hyperalgesia/allodynia, fatigue and patient’s quality of life. The results show that patient’s baseline sensitivity to pain inversely correlates with treatment response in FM. Moreover, post-stratification analysis unexpectedly reveals that patients presenting comorbid ME/CFS do not seem to respond to the applied therapy as those presenting FM only. Therefore, pre-treatment PPTs and ME/CFS comorbidity may serve as indicators to predict patient’s response to physiotherapy programs based on mechanical triggers. Further exploration of these findings is granted. In addition, the study of gene expression profiles in the blood collection generated by this study should help unveil the molecular mechanisms behind patient’s differential response to manual therapy.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 Protein RARE COLD INDUCIBLE 1A Links Low-Temperature Response and Ethylene Biosynthesis to Regulate Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 3326-3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Catalá ◽  
Rosa López-Cobollo ◽  
M. Mar Castellano ◽  
Trinidad Angosto ◽  
José M. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Profiling the Impact of Visual Degree of Doneness on Palatability Ratings of Beef Strip Loin Steaks Served to Consumers of Differing Degree of Doneness Preferences

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Prill ◽  
T. G. O’Quinn ◽  
M. D. Chao ◽  
J. L. Vipham ◽  
J. M. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Sensory Cue ◽  
Strip Loin ◽  
Eating Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the impact of feeding consumers of varying degree of doneness (DOD) preferences steaks cooked to multiple DOD on their perceptions of beef palatability.Materials and MethodsPaired Low Choice strip loin steaks (n = 360) were randomly assigned a DOD of either rare (60°C), medium-rare (63°C), medium (71°C), medium-well (74°C), or well-done (77°C). Consumer panelists (n = 283) were prescreened to participate in panels based on their DOD preference of either rare, medium, or well-done. In the first round of serving, consumers were served one sample from each of the five DOD, under low-intensity red incandescent lighting to mask any DOD differences among samples. Round 2 testing procedures were identical to round 1, except consumers were served under white incandescent lights, allowing for the consumers to visually evaluate the DOD of samples during testing. Consumers evaluated samples for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall liking on continuous line scales. Screening the consumers beforehand for DOD preference allowed for a measure of the impact of “missing” the consumer’s ideal DOD and quantification of the impact of both under and overcooking steaks on consumer beef palatability ratings.ResultsThere were no consumer preference ×DOD interactions or consumer preference effects for tenderness, juiciness, and flavor (P > 0.05) when steaks were evaluated under both lighting types. As expected, within the red-light testing, as cooking temperature increased, overall liking decreased (P < 0.05). The sensory cue of sight significantly impacted palatability ratings. Within the white-light testing, the consumer preference × DOD interaction for overall liking was marginally significant (P = 0.078). Consumers that preferred rare and medium rated rare and medium-rare the greatest (P < 0.05) and well-done the lowest (P < 0.05) for overall liking. However, as the consumers DOD preference increased, the more their ratings differed than in the red-light test. For consumers that preferred well-done, there were no differences (P > 0.05) among DOD for overall liking within the white-light test. But, when tested under the red-light, well-done consumers rated rare and medium-rare with the greatest (P < 0.05) overall liking, with well-done having the least (P < 0.05) overall liking, being similar (P > 0.05) only to medium. As for the change in ratings when compared to the consumers preferred DOD, when steaks were undercooked, they were rated higher (P < 0.05) and when steaks were overcooked, they were rated lower (P < 0.05), regardless of the consumer’s DOD preference. For all ratings, when steaks were cooked below the consumer’s preference, there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the ratings, all of which were rated higher (P < 0.05) than their preferred DOD. Means decreased (P < 0.05) as the amount of overcooking increased, with steaks cooked four DOD over the consumer’s preferred DOD being rated tougher and lower (P < 0.05) for flavor liking than steaks cooked to their preferred DOD.ConclusionRegardless of the consumers DOD preference, undercooking had a positive effect versus their preferred DOD, and overcooking negatively impacted ratings. Therefore, it is better for steaks served at restaurants to err on the side of being undercooked to maximize the consumers eating experience.

scholarly journals Differential Cold Acclimation Ability of Petunia spp.

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Walworth ◽  
Ryan M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Short Days

Freezing tolerance of many plant species increases after exposure to low, nonfreezing temperatures, a process termed cold acclimation. In some species, shortened photoperiods also bring about an increase in freezing tolerance. Within the plant family Solanaceae, species vary widely in cold acclimation ability. The objectives of this work were to examine the effects of low temperature and photoperiod on cold acclimation of Petunia hybrida (Hook.) Vilm. ‘Mitchell’ and to evaluate cold acclimation of several Petunia species by measuring freezing tolerance using an electrolyte leakage assay on leaf tissue discs. Temperature, but not photoperiod, influenced cold acclimation of P. hybrida. Whether grown under long days or short days, nonacclimated plants had an EL50 value (temperature at which 50% of cellular electrolytes are lost) of ≈–2 °C. Plants acclimated by gradual cooling at temperatures of 15 °C, 10 °C, and 3 °C for 7 days each reached an EL50 of ≈–5 °C regardless of photoperiod. Exposure to 3 °C under short days for 1 or 3 weeks resulted in EL50 temperatures of –3.9 and –4.9 °C, respectively. Freezing tolerance of petunia species P. exserta Stehmann, P. integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell., P. axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al. (USDA accessions 28546 and 28548), and P. hybrida ‘Mitchell’ was similar before cold acclimation, but varied from –5 °C for P. exserta to –8 °C for P. axillaris (accession 28548) after cold acclimation. Our results demonstrate the cold acclimation ability of Petunia spp. and identify wild germplasm sources with potential usefulness for improving freezing tolerance of cultivated petunia.

scholarly journals Ecotype-Dependent Response of Bacterial Communities Associated with Arabidopsis to Cold Acclimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Etemadi ◽  
Ellen Zuther ◽  
Henry Müller ◽  
Dirk K. Hincha ◽  
Gabriele Berg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Additional Function ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Plant Microbe Interaction ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Core Species ◽  
The Impact

Low temperature is a primary factor limiting geographical distribution of plants and crop yield in large areas of the world. Plant-associated microbial communities have rarely been acknowledged as possible determinants of cold acclimation, the process leading to freezing tolerance in plants. Here we studied the impact of cold acclimation on leaf-associated bacteria by analyzing 10 different Arabidopsis ecotypes differing widely in their freezing tolerance. In climate chamber experiments, we found that leaves of all Arabidopsis accessions were colonized by highly diverse bacterial taxa (852 operational taxonomic units) mainly from Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. During cold acclimation, in all ecotypes the bacterial community composition and diversity, and especially the core species composition changed drastically. However, the response of the bacterial communities was highly ecotype-dependent; sensitive and tolerant accessions shared only eight responders. Unique responders in tolerant accessions were identified as putative indicators of freezing tolerance. Thus, leaf bacteria appear to be genotype-dependent associated with cold acclimation, which suggests an additional function of plant−microbe interaction and may open new possibilities for biotechnological applications.

Deep centers and fill factor losses in the CIGS devices

2001 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Igalson ◽  
A. Kubiaczyk ◽  
P. Zabierowski
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
White Light ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Admittance Spectroscopy ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Capacitance Voltage

ABSTRACTThe influence of non-equilibrium space charge distributions on the fill factor of ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photovoltaic devices has been investigated. Metastable changes of the amount of charge captured in deep levels have been produced by red or white illumination. Subsequent characterization by current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and admittance spectroscopy has been conducted at low temperature. The fill factor increases after a white light soaking and decreases after illumination of the reverse-biased device with red light at low temperature. This effect has been attributed to the metastable change of net doping concentration in the p+ layer of absorber close to interface. Blue light, absorbed in CdS provides holes to that region neutralizing the negative charge and thus improving the fill factor. The defects responsible for the interface-related metastability are in our opinion the same as those causing the persistent increase of the net doping concentration in the bulk of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and seem to be related to selenium vacancies.

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