Computational Analysis of Naturally Occurring Aristolochic Acid Analogues and Their Biological Sources

Aristolochic acids are known for nephrotoxicity, and implicated in multiple cancer types such as hepatocellular carcinomas demonstrated by recent studies. Natural products that are analogues to aristolochic acids have been constantly isolated from organisms; a larger chemical space of these compounds and a wider coverage of biological sources should be determined in consideration of the potential hazard of aristolochic acid analogues and the wide distribution of their biological sources in the nature. Therefore, we carried out an in silico research of naturally occurring aristolochic acid analogues and their biological sources, as a supplement to existing studies. The result shows a chemical space of 238 naturally occurring aristolochic acid analogues that are present in 175 species of biological sources including 44 traditional medicines. With the computational estimation for toxicity and the implication in hazard assessment of a biological source with the presence of aristolochic acid analogues, we propose that additional awareness should be raised to the public for avoidance of toxic species, especially those that are used as herbal medicines and easily accessible.

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Nephrotoxicity and Chinese Herbal Medicine

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ◽

10.2215/cjn.11571017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1605-1611 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Bo Yang ◽

Yun Xie ◽

Maojuan Guo ◽

Mitchell H. Rosner ◽

Hongtao Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽

Aristolochic Acid ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Medicine Use ◽

Chinese Herbal ◽

Aristolochic Acids ◽

Increase Risk ◽

Plant Alkaloids

Chinese herbal medicine has been practiced for the prevention, treatment, and cure of diseases for thousands of years. Herbal medicine involves the use of natural compounds, which have relatively complex active ingredients with varying degrees of side effects. Some of these herbal medicines are known to cause nephrotoxicity, which can be overlooked by physicians and patients due to the belief that herbal medications are innocuous. Some of the nephrotoxic components from herbs are aristolochic acids and other plant alkaloids. In addition, anthraquinones, flavonoids, and glycosides from herbs also are known to cause kidney toxicity. The kidney manifestations of nephrotoxicity associated with herbal medicine include acute kidney injury, CKD, nephrolithiasis, rhabdomyolysis, Fanconi syndrome, and urothelial carcinoma. Several factors contribute to the nephrotoxicity of herbal medicines, including the intrinsic toxicity of herbs, incorrect processing or storage, adulteration, contamination by heavy metals, incorrect dosing, and interactions between herbal medicines and medications. The exact incidence of kidney injury due to nephrotoxic herbal medicine is not known. However, clinicians should consider herbal medicine use in patients with unexplained AKI or progressive CKD. In addition, exposure to herbal medicine containing aristolochic acid may increase risk for future uroepithelial cancers, and patients require appropriate postexposure screening.

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Natural Phytochemicals and Their Therapeutic Role in Management of Several Diseases: A Review

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190807111817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nitin R. Shirsath ◽

Ajaygiri K. Goswami

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Low Cost ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Biological Source ◽

Natural Medicine ◽

Synthetic Chemicals ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Health Related ◽

Activity Mechanism ◽

Natural Medicines

Introduction: These days, a lot of people face some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional synthetic medicine is not effective enough to cure them alone. The conventional therapy for the management of these health-related issues involves the use of hazardous synthetic chemicals and surgical diagnosis, which have lots of serious side effects. It is necessary to conduct research on herbal medicines, this is an alternative approach to avoid the side effects of synthetic medicines to achieve high effectiveness, low cost and improve patient compliance. Methods: The present survey is an analysis of some of the available data on the use of plants with their biological source, active phytochemicals constituents and a probable activity/ mechanism of action of several classes of drugs. This work also focused on highlighting the advantages of natural medicines for maximum utilization. Results: This article aims to increase awareness about natural medicine and help people find a suitable herbal medicine for the treatment of specific diseases. Conclusion: This article also exhibits the scope for further process in the development of new natural substance for the management of several diseases.

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Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring potent inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase from herbal medicines

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra10425f ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 10385-10392

Author(s):

Dong-Fang Zhao ◽

Yu-Fan Fan ◽

Fang-Yuan Wang ◽

Fan-Bin Hou ◽

Frank J. Gonzalez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Naturally Occurring

Discovery and characterization of natural human catechol-O-methyltransferase (hCOMT) inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment.

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A Three-Stage-Integrative Approach for the Identification of Potential Hepatotoxic Compounds From Botanical Products

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581811401046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 287-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yecheng Jin ◽

Xiaoping Zhao ◽

Yufeng Zhang ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Xiaojing Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Aristolochic Acid ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Challenging Problem ◽

Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Botanical Products ◽

Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide

With the increasing use of herbal medicines and dietary supplements, intensive concerns about their potential toxicities have been raised. Screening and identifying the toxic compounds from these botanical products composed by hundreds of components have become a critical but challenging problem. In this study, 3 methods, including fraction separation, an in-house-developed fluorescein diacetate-based automatic microscopy screening (FAMS) platform, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based compounds identification were integrated within the Three-Stage-Integrative (TSI) approach for the identification of potential hepatotoxicants from botanical products. The sensitivity and linear range of FAMS assay was validated and compared with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay by previously reported hepatotoxic compounds. The success of TSI approach was further demonstrated by its application to Fructus aristolochiae. Aristolochic acid IVa and aristolodione were tentatively identified to be potential hepatotoxicants in this plant. These applications suggested that our TSI approach provides an effective tool for identifying potential toxic compounds from botanical products.

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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID - I FROM ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA LINN. LEAVES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.50.09.p0052 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (09) ◽

pp. 52-53

Author(s):

M.B Mulik ◽

◽

K.S. Laddha

Keyword(s):

Aristolochic Acid ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Isolation Method ◽

Aristolochic Acids ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Isolated Compound ◽

Anti Fungal ◽

Aristolochic Acid I ◽

Aristolochia Species

Aristolochic Acids (AAs) are major components of plants in Aristolochia species. The plant Aristolochia indica Linn. has diverse biological actions such as analgesic, anti-diabetics, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and treatment of malaria and fevers. Here, we report a new and simple isolation method of Aristolochic Acid-Ι (AA-I) from leaves of Aristolochia indica Linn. Defatted leaves of A. indica were extracted with chloroform by soxhlation. AA-I was further isolated from the chloroform extract by partitioning with aqueous sodium bicarbonate. AA-I was purified by repetitive washings with methanol and recrystallization in methanol yielded yellow leaflets. The purity of the isolated compound was ascertained by HPLC analysis. structural elucidation of the isolated compound was done by IR, MS and NMR spectral analysis.

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Phytochemical and Spectral analysis of Argoclavine; A potent Psychoactive substance present in the seeds of Argyreia nervosa plant

Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry ◽

10.52711/0975-4385.2021.00018 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

A. V. Deokar ◽

P. V. Bhosle

Keyword(s):

Acid Amide ◽

Ergot Alkaloids ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Well Being ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Argyreia Nervosa ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Mental Well Being

There are several medicinal plants having various medicinal properties is being widely used in Ayurveda which contain phytoconstituents. These phytoconstituents are beneficial to manage allied symptoms in psychosis andto treat abnormal condition of the mindthereby promoting mental well being. Argyreia nervosa (L.f) the ancient traditional medicinal plant belonging to the convolvulaceae family having prominent, psychedelic and neuro-pharmacological actions on our body. Argyreia nervosa seeds contain hallucinogens including ergot alkaloids such as ergine and Argoclavine and a naturally occurring lysergic acid amide. The current study describes pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening on Seeds of Argyreia nervosa. Argoclavine was extracted from the seeds and then characterised by different spectroscopic techniques like UV, IR, LC-MS. The results of the present study will create a way for the invention of novel herbal medicines for several ailments by using Argyreia nervosa seeds.

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The Biological Sources of the Organic Matter in Poyang Lake Sediments

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.431 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 431-436

Author(s):

Ming Sheng Yang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Poyang Lake ◽

Aquatic Organism ◽

High Carbon ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Biological Source ◽

Biological Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽

Compound Specific Carbon Isotope ◽

Absolute Advantage

We conducts a systematic study on the biological sources of the sediment organic matter through the analysis of the organic carbon and nitrogen content in the sediments of Poyang Lake, the n-alkanes as biomarker and the characteristics of the compound-specific isotope of n-alkanes. It is found that the C/N ratio of organic matter is less than 10 in Poyang Lake and that the organic matter mainly originates from lacustrine aquatic organism. The short-chain hydrocarbon takes absolute advantage in the n-alkanes. The value of C21-/C22+is greater than 1, which shows that the biomass of bacteria and algae is greater than the sum of the aquatic submerged plants and terrigenous organisms biomass. The value of (nC15+nC17)/(nC23+nC25) of n-alkanes is greater than 2, which reveals that bacteria and algae have an absolute predominance in aquatic organism. The high carbon n-alkanes come from terrigenous plants and their compound-specific carbon isotope demonstrates that C3plant is the main biological source.

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Aristolochic acid nephropathy caused by ingestion of herbal medicinal products

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0089 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

M. Refik Gökmen ◽

Graham M. Lord

Keyword(s):

Aristolochic Acid ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Herbal Medicinal Products ◽

Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy ◽

Endemic Nephropathy ◽

Risk Of Malignancy ◽

Urothelial Malignancy ◽

Mechanisms Of Carcinogenesis

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive renal disease caused by the ingestion of plant products containing aristolochic acid (AA), first described in connection with the use of Chinese herbal medicines. Although the true worldwide extent of this disease is unknown, it is likely to represent a significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in many parts of the world. Furthermore, recent data have also demonstrated that AA is also the primary aetiological agent in Balkan endemic nephropathy. AAN is notable in its association with urothelial malignancy, with the mechanisms of carcinogenesis now well characterized. Aside from a possible role for corticosteroid therapy in slowing disease progression in selected patients, no disease-specific treatments have yet been shown to alter the course of this nephropathy. Therefore, prevention of exposure to AA and, in affected patients, effective management of the risk of malignancy are key principles in the approach to this condition. Although preparations containing Aristolochia spp. and herbs that can be confused or substituted for Aristolochia have been banned in many countries, other herbal products containing AA have continued to be available to consumers long after these bans have been instituted, highlighting the ongoing need for awareness of this disease.

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QuEChERS pretreatment combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of aristolochic acids I and II in Chinese herbal patent medicines

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra03200j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (42) ◽

pp. 25319-25324

Author(s):

Jinghe Zhang ◽

Yinan Wang ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Guowei Zhou ◽

Xiaojie Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Aristolochic Acid ◽

Patent Medicines ◽

Chinese Herbal ◽

Aristolochic Acids ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Aristolochic Acid I ◽

Carcinogenic Compound

Aristolochic acid I and II (AA I and II), a kind of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic compound, are widely added in Chinese herbal patent medicines though they have been banned due to their toxicity.

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