scholarly journals Nucleic Acids Analytical Methods for Viral Infection Diagnosis: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Emanuele Luigi Sciuto ◽  
Antonio Alessio Leonardi ◽  
Giovanna Calabrese ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Maria Anna Coniglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

The analysis of viral nucleic acids (NA), DNA or RNA, is a crucial issue in the diagnosis of infections and the treatment and prevention of related human diseases. Conventional nucleic acid tests (NATs) require multistep approaches starting from the purification of the pathogen genetic material in biological samples to the end of its detection, basically performed by the consolidated polymerase chain reaction (PCR), by the use of specialized instruments and dedicated laboratories. However, since the current NATs are too constraining and time and cost consuming, the research is evolving towards more integrated, decentralized, user-friendly, and low-cost methods. These will allow the implementation of massive diagnoses addressing the growing demand of fast and accurate viral analysis facing such global alerts as the pandemic of coronavirus disease of the recent period. Silicon-based technology and microfluidics, in this sense, brought an important step up, leading to the introduction of the genetic point-of-care (PoC) systems. This review goes through the evolution of the analytical methods for the viral NA diagnosis of infection diseases, highlighting both advantages and drawbacks of the innovative emerging technologies versus the conventional approaches.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid amplification by a transparent graphene Visual-PCR chip and a disposable thermocycler

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhi Zhu ◽  
Miao Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Conductive Films ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACTPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to amplify trace amount of nucleic acids. It needs a process of thermocycling (repeated alternation of temperature). Traditional thermocycler relies on bulk size of metal block to achieve thermocycling, which results in high cost and the lack of portability. Here, a PCR chip made of graphene Transparent Conductive Films (TCFs) was employed. The thermocycling of the chip was fulfilled by a temperature programed microcontroller and a cooling fan under a low driving voltage (12V). A 35 cycles PCR was accomplished within 13 minutes using the chip and the thermocycler. The transparency of the graphene PCR chip enables the PCR reaction to be visually monitored by naked eye for a color change. The PCR chip and the thermocycler have a low cost at $2.5 and $6 respectively, and thus are feasible for Point-of-care testing (POCT) of nucleic acids in a disposable manner. The whole platform makes it possible to perform a low-cost testing of nucleic acids for varieties of purposes outside of laboratories or at resource limited locations.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

scholarly journals Methods of Respiratory Virus Detection: Advances towards Point-of-Care for Early Intervention

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Siming Lu ◽  
Sha Lin ◽  
Hongrui Zhang ◽  
Liguo Liang ◽  
Shien Shen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Frequent Monitoring ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
New Strategies

Respiratory viral infections threaten human life and inflict an enormous healthcare burden worldwide. Frequent monitoring of viral antibodies and viral load can effectively help to control the spread of the virus and make timely interventions. However, current methods for detecting viral load require dedicated personnel and are time-consuming. Additionally, COVID-19 detection is generally relied on an automated PCR analyzer, which is highly instrument-dependent and expensive. As such, emerging technologies in the development of respiratory viral load assays for point-of-care (POC) testing are urgently needed for viral screening. Recent advances in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), biosensors, nanotechnology-based paper strips and microfluidics offer new strategies to develop a rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly respiratory viral monitoring platform. In this review, we summarized the traditional methods in respiratory virus detection and present the state-of-art technologies in the monitoring of respiratory virus at POC.

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Testing-the Key in the Battle against SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Florina Silvia Iliescu ◽  
Ana Maria Ionescu ◽  
Larisa Gogianu ◽  
Monica Simion ◽  
Violeta Dediu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
User Friendly

The deleterious effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urged the development of diagnostic tools to manage the spread of disease. Currently, the “gold standard” involves the use of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Even though it is sensitive, specific and applicable for large batches of samples, qRT-PCR is labour-intensive, time-consuming, requires trained personnel and is not available in remote settings. This review summarizes and compares the available strategies for COVID-19: serological testing, Point-of-Care Testing, nanotechnology-based approaches and biosensors. Last but not least, we address the advantages and limitations of these methods as well as perspectives in COVID-19 diagnostics. The effort is constantly focused on understanding the quickly changing landscape of available diagnostic testing of COVID-19 at the clinical levels and introducing reliable and rapid screening point of care testing. The last approach is key to aid the clinical decision-making process for infection control, enhancing an appropriate treatment strategy and prompt isolation of asymptomatic/mild cases. As a viable alternative, Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) is typically low-cost and user-friendly, hence harbouring tremendous potential for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Scalable, Easy-to-Deploy, Protocol for Cas13-Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Rauch ◽  
Eric Valois ◽  
Sabrina C. Solley ◽  
Friederike Braig ◽  
Ryan S. Lach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

The COVID-19 pandemic has created massive demand for widespread, distributed tools for detecting SARS-CoV-2 genetic material. The hurdles to scalable testing include reagent and instrument accessibility, availability of highly trained personnel, and large upfront investment. Here we showcase an orthogonal pipeline we call CREST (Cas13-based, Rugged, Equitable, Scalable Testing) that addresses some of these hurdles. Specifically, CREST pairs commonplace and reliable biochemical methods (PCR) with low-cost instrumentation, without sacrificing detection sensitivity. By taking advantage of simple fluorescence visualizers, CREST allows for a binary interpretation of results. CREST may provide a point-of-care solution to increase the distribution of COVID-19 surveillance.

scholarly journals A fully integrated paperfluidic molecular diagnostic chip for the extraction, amplification, and detection of nucleic acids from clinical samples

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Rodriguez ◽  
Winnie S. Wong ◽  
Lena Liu ◽  
Rajan Dewar ◽  
Catherine M. Klapperich
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fully Integrated

We present a low-cost, disposable, and fully-integrated paperfluidic molecular diagnostic chip for sample-to-result functionality at the point-of-care.

scholarly journals Smartphone-Based NFC Potentiostat for Wireless Electrochemical Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Karnpimon Krorakai ◽  
Supannika Klangphukhiew ◽  
Sirinan Kulchat ◽  
Rina Patramanon
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
User Friendly

Most electrochemical sensing requires affordable, portable and easy-to-use electrochemical devices for use in point-of-care testing and resource-limited settings. This work presents the design and evaluates the analytical performance of a near-field communication (NFC) potentiostat, a flat card-sized electrochemical device containing a microchip for electrical analysis and an NFC antenna for smartphone connection. The NFC interface is a wireless connection between the microchip and smartphone to simplify measuring units and make the potentiostat into a passive operated device, running without a battery. The proposed potentiostat can perform the common electrochemical techniques including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry with a current range and voltage range of ±20 µA and ±0.8 V. The performance of the NFC potentiostat is compared to a commercial benchtop potentiostat using ferricyanide as a standard solution. The results show that the NFC potentiostat is comparable to a commercial benchtop potentiostat for both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The application of the proposed potentiostat is demonstrated by measuring ascorbic acid concentration. As described, the NFC potentiostat, which is compatible with a smartphone, is low-cost, small in size and user-friendly. Thus, the device can be developed for on-site measurement to apply in various fields.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Investigation of a Novel Spiral Microfluidic Chip to Separate Wide Size Range of Micro-Particles Aimed at Cell Separation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Tabatabaei ◽  
Mohammad Zabetian targhi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Separation ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract BackgroundIsolation of microparticles and biological cells on microfluidic chips has received considerable attention due to their applications in numerous areas such as medical and engineering fields. Microparticles separation are of great importance in bioassays owing to the need for a smaller sample and device size, and lower manufacturing costs. In this study, we first explain the concepts of separation and microfluidic science along with their applications in the medical sciences, and then, a conceptual design of a novel inertial microfluidic system is proposed and analyzed. The PDMS spiral microfluidic device was fabricated, and its effects on the separation of particles with sizes similar to biological particles were experimentally analyzed. This separation technique can be used in the process of separating cancer cells from the normal ones in the blood samples.ResultsThese components required for testing were selected, assembled, and finally, a very affordable microfluidic kit was provided. Different experiments were designed, and the results were analyzed using appropriate software and methods. Separator system tests with polydisperse hollow glass particles (diameter 2-20 µm), and monodisperse Polystyrene particles (diameter 5,15 µm), and the results exhibit an acceptable chip performance with 86 percent of efficiency for both monodisperse particles and polydisperse particles. The microchannel collects particles with an average diameter of 15.8 μm, 9.4 μm, and 5.9 μm at the Proposed reservoirs. ConclusionThis chip can be integrated into a more extensive point-of-care diagnostic system to test blood samples, and it could be said Based on the results of the experiments, this low-cost and user-friendly setting can be used for a variety of microparticle separation programs such as cell separation in biological assays.

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be effective tools for a broad range of imaging applications. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone and enables high quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10X equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

scholarly journals Numerical flow simulation methods and additive manufacturing methods for the development of a flow optimised design of a novel point-of-care diagnostic device

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-622
Author(s):  
Manuel Dethloff ◽  
Hermann Seitz ◽  
Marc Dangers
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractFor the development of a novel, user-friendly and low cost point-of-care diagnostic device for the detection of disease specific biomarker a flow optimised design of the test system has to be investigated. The resulting test system is characterised by a reduced execution period, a reduction of execution steps and an integrated waste management. Based on previous results, the current study focused on the design implementation of the fluidic requirements, e. g. tightness, inside the test device. With the help of fluid flow simulations (CFD – computational fluid dynamics) the flow behaviour inside the test device was analysed for different designs and arrangements. Prototypes generated from additive manufacturing technologies (PolyJet modeling) are used for validating the simulation results and further experimental tests.

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