scholarly journals Cross-Talk between Cadmium and Selenium at Elevated Cadmium Stress Determines the Fate of Selenium Uptake in Rice

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Farooq ◽  
Zhichen Tang ◽  
Tengda Zheng ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan Asghar ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Rice Tissues

Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known metal imposing threats to human health, and it can be accumulated in polished rice over the permitted range of 0.2 mg kg−1 (GB 2762-2017). It has been reported that selenium (Se) application decreases Cd uptake. Se-rich diets have gained attention recently, but the potential of Se-rich rice in mitigating Cd stress needs further investigation. In this study, a pot experiment in the field was conducted to assess the influence of environmental factors and exogenous split application of Se on the nutritional status of rice under Cd stress. The results indicated that the increased fertilizer treatment in soil bulk linearly increased the metal content in rice grains. Approximately 50–70% of metal was recovered in rice tissues, while 5–20% of the metal that was applied leached down into the soil. A Se concentration of 0.4 mg kg−1 could significantly improve the total Se content in grain and mitigate Cd toxicity (1 mg kg−1) below the permitted range. Panicles and roots were more active for total Se accumulation in Se-rich and non-Se-rich rice, respectively. Polishing and milling operations can significantly reduce the Cd content, as rice bran in rice tissues accumulated most of the metal’s residues. The late matured rice cultivars consumed more heat units, and more metal contents were found in them. Collectively, it was found that Se can mitigate Cd toxicity, but the rice cultivation at T2 (high Cd; 2 mg kg−1 and Se; 1 mg kg−1) increased the metal uptake capability and health-risk index in polished rice, with its Se content heightened over permitted range of 0.04 to 0.30 mg kg−1 (GB/T 22499-2008). However, further molecular studies are required, in order to completely access the inverted Se accumulation behavior in rice tissues at high Cd soil stress.

scholarly journals Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Iron-Biofortified Lentil under Cadmium Stress

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bansal ◽  
Swati Priya ◽  
Harsh Kumar Dikshit ◽  
Sherry Rachel Jacob ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal, toxic to our ecosystem even at low concentrations. Cd stress negatively affects plant growth and development by triggering oxidative stress. Limited information is available on the role of iron (Fe) in ameliorating Cd stress tolerance in legumes. This study assessed the effect of Cd stress in two lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) varieties differing in seed Fe concentration (L4717 (Fe-biofortified) and JL3) under controlled conditions. Six biochemical traits, five growth parameters, and Cd uptake were recorded at the seedling stage (21 days after sowing) in the studied genotypes grown under controlled conditions at two levels (100 μM and 200 μM) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). The studied traits revealed significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions. Cd-induced oxidative damage led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde in both genotypes. JL3 accumulated 77.1% more H2O2 and 75% more lipid peroxidation products than L4717 at the high Cd level. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased in response to Cd stress, with significant genotype, treatment, and genotype × treatment interactions (p < 0.01). L4717 had remarkably higher catalase (40.5%), peroxidase (43.9%), superoxide dismutase (31.7%), and glutathione reductase (47.3%) activities than JL3 under high Cd conditions. In addition, L4717 sustained better growth in terms of fresh weight and dry weight than JL3 under stress. JL3 exhibited high Cd uptake (14.87 mg g−1 fresh weight) compared to L4717 (7.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). The study concluded that the Fe-biofortified lentil genotype L4717 exhibited Cd tolerance by inciting an efficient antioxidative response to Cd toxicity. Further studies are required to elucidate the possibility of seed Fe content as a surrogacy trait for Cd tolerance.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid on the growth and cadmium accumulation of lettuce under cadmium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
Le Liang ◽  
Wanjia Tang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays crucial roles in plant growth and stress tolerance. In present study, the effects of spraying different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) of IAA on the growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were investigated. The lettuce exposed to Cd exhibited a substantial decline in growth, and the Cd content of them significantly increased. Spraying exogenous IAA resulted in alleviating the inhibitory of Cd toxicity to lettuce. The dry weight in shoots of lettuce increased by spraying with IAA compared with the Cd treatment alone, but the dry weight of roots had no significantly differences. Although exogenous IAA increased the root Cd content, it significantly reduced shoot Cd content, indicating its role in Cd transport. Therefore, spraying IAA effectively alleviated Cd toxicity and reduced Cd uptake in the edible parts of lettuce, and the 100 μmol/L IAA was the optimal dose.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Amaranthus Tricolor L. Under Cadmium Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Baniasadi ◽  
Masoud Arghavani ◽  
Vahid Reza Saffari ◽  
Mehdi Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract This study aimed to appraise the crosstalk between sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a source of nitric oxide (NO), and cadmium (Cd) toxicity on growth and physiological traits in Amaranth tricolor L. by using different multivariate statistical methods. The results showed that growth-related traits of A. tricolor were significantly reduced (p<0.05) under Cd stress. Contrarily, Cd treatments increased lipid peroxidation and reduced total protein content. Delving on the results of SNP application showed the suitability of its medium level (100 µM) on increasing the growth-related traits and also plant tolerance to Cd stress via lowering the lipid peroxidation and radical molecules production due to the higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Increasing the amount of Cd in roots and shoots, as the results of Cd treatment, reduced the growth and production of A. tricolor plants by high rates (over 50% in 60 mg kg-1 Cd level) indicating its susceptibility to high Cd toxicity. Contrarily, treating plants with NO showed no effect on shoot Cd content, while it significantly increased Cd allocation in the root, which might be attributable to the protective effect of NO on Cd toxicity by trapping Cd in the root. Subsequently, the application of a medium level of SNP (around 100 µM) is recommendable for A. tricolor plant to overcome the negative impacts of Cd toxicity.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and Tolerance Indices of Cadmium in Wheat Plants Grown in Cadmium-Spiked Soil: Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Halim ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Debapriya Mondal ◽  
Mallavarapu Megharaj ◽  
Ravi Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Spiked Soil ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Farmers use wastewater for irrigation in many developing countries, for example Bangladesh, India, China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam because they have limited access to clean water. This study explored cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation in two spring wheat cultivars (cv. Mustang and Lancer), which were grown in different concentrations of Cd (0,1, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg−1) in agricultural soils. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 4.21 ± 0.29 and 4.02 ± 0.95, respectively, whereas the maximum health risk index (HRI) was 3.85 ± 0.049 and 5.33 ± 0.271, respectively, for Mustang and Lancer. In other words, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Mustang (around five-fold) and Lancer (around four-fold) compared with the control treatment. Results revealed that Cd content was well above the acceptable limit (HRI &gt;1) in the two cultivars when exposed to different levels of Cd stress. The tolerant cultivar (Mustang) has potential to chelate Cd in the nonedible parts of plants in variable fractions and can be used efficiently to improve growth and macro- and micro-nutrients content while reducing Cd concentration in plants in Cd-contaminated soil. It can also diminish the HRI, which may help to protect humans from Cd risks. The two cultivars’ nutrient availability and sorption capacity significantly shape their survival and adaptability under Cd stress. Based on what is documented in the current study, we can conclude that Mustang is more tolerant and poses fewer health hazards to people than Lancer because of its capacity to maintain grain macro- and micro-nutrients under Cd stress.

Cadmium Stress on Wheat Morphology: Germination and Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1075-1078
Author(s):  
Zhong Shan Chen ◽  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Lu Yi Zhang ◽  
Yong Lan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Germination And Growth

In this study, the morphological responses of wheat to Cd during the whole growth stage were investigated in pot experiment with substrates containing 0, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg Cd/kg soil. The results showed that wheat was moderately tolerant to Cd stress, and the most sensitive endpoint to Cd toxicity was tiller number. The seed germination was not effected by Cd at all concentrations. The No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC) was 10 mg Cd/kg, and the Low Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC) was 50 mg Cd/kg for the wheat.

A Relationship between Carbonic Anhydrase and Rubisco in Response to Moderate Cadmium Stress during Light Activation of Photosynthesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siedlecka ◽  
Per Gardeström ◽  
Göran Samuelsson ◽  
Leszek A. Kleczkowski ◽  
Zbigniew Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Accumulation

In our previous research, we showed that low Cd concentration increases the effectiveness of the processes leading to activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). This stimulation was dependent on carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and resulted in protecting Rubisco activity against Cd toxicity. The aim of the present paper was to test whether this mechanism has any influence on light activation of photosynthesis during the first 2 h of illumination. Both the “activation mechanism” of plant response to Cd-stress conditions and its full efficiency at low Cd concentration were confirmed. The CA-dependent light activation of Rubisco at low Cd level was correlated with accelerated attaining of the maximum Rubisco activity by these plants. The amount of Rubisco was also Cd- and timedependent and varied from continuous accumulation in control plants till reaching the maximum level within 30 minutes for the high Cd concentration. An increase in CA activity that was found to be parallel to the decrease of the amount of CA suggested activation of the enzyme by low Cd concentration

scholarly journals Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abass Ahanger ◽  
Usman Aziz ◽  
Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽  
Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni ◽  
Parvaiz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Vigna Angularis ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Inhibition ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
The Individual

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on Vigna angularis under cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited Vigna angularis counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism.

scholarly journals Cadmium Uptake and Distribution in Fragrant Rice Genotypes and Related Consequences on Yield and Grain Quality Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sheka Kanu ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
Zhaowen Mo ◽  
Issaka Fuseini ◽  
Lamin R. Mansaray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Soil Cd

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity has varying consequences on plants growth and development. This research focused on examining the influence of Cd toxicity on fragrant rice genotypes and its consequences on yield, yield related parameters, and grain quality traits. Randomized complete block design comprising five different fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2, Xiangyaxiangzhan, Guixiangzhan, Basmati, and Nongxiang 18) and four Cd levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg soil) was used. The results showed that, with increased levels of soil Cd toxicity, Cd uptake in roots and distribution to other organs increased in dose dependent manner. Uptake and accumulation were higher in roots than in shoots with the highest uptake in both roots and shoots observed in Meixiangzhan 2, followed by Nongxiang 18, Basmati, Xiangyaxiangzhan, and Guixiangzhan cultivars. With increased Cd toxicity, yield and yield parameters were affected in all cultivars. Grain quality was also found affected under Cd stress condition. The results suggested that soil Cd toxicity has negative consequences on rice performance and uptake varies among cultivars. Conclusively, Cd toxicity impaired rice yield formation and grain quality by altering yield components (panicles number, spikelet per panicles, and spikelet setting (%)); however, Guixiangzhan variety performed better, while Meixiangzhan 2 performed less in terms of minimum Cd uptake and distribution to grains, yield, and grain quality reduction under Cd stress condition.

scholarly journals Metabolomic And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Changes In Response To Cadmium Stress Under Boron Application of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Qin ◽  
Yafang Xu ◽  
Zhaojun Nie ◽  
Hongen Liu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Abstract Boron (B) has previously been shown to inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake in wheat, while the underlying physiological mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we investigated the alteration with B application in growth, Cd uptake, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activities and small molecule metabolites under Cd stress. The results showed that the wheat growth were significantly weaker under Cd-treated than that without Cd-treated. B application can improve the wheat growth under Cd stress. In addition, B application decreased Cd concentrations and MDA concentrations of shoot and root. These results suggest that B can inhibit the absorption of Cd and mitigation of Cd toxicity to promote plant growth, especially in the roots. Meanwhile, the key enzyme activities including SOD and POD significant increased under Cd treatments, while decreased under B treatments. Further, root differential metabolites were identified with Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). A total of 198, 680 and 204 of the differential metabolites were isolated between CK+B and CK treatment, CK+Cd and CK treatment and CK+Cd+B and CK+Cd treatment respectively. The metabolites with up-accumulation in B application (CK+Cd+B) roots were mainly galactaric acid, citric acid, N6-Galacturonyl-L-lysine, D-Glucose, while the metabolites with down-accumulation were mainly threoninyl-tryptophan and C16 sphinganine. The differential metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in linoleic acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism in diabetic complications between CK+Cd+B treatment and CK+B treatment. The data suggested that B alleviates Cd toxicity in winter wheat by inhibiting Cd uptake, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and changing metabolites.

scholarly journals Molybdenum Supply Alleviates the Cadmium Toxicity in Fragrant Rice by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Gene Expression

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Rana ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Increasing evidence shows that cadmium (Cd) toxicity causes severe perturbations on growth performance, physio-biochemical and molecular processes in crop plants. Molybdenum (Mo), an essential trace element, plays key roles in oxidative stress tolerance of higher plants. Hence, the present study has been conducted to investigate the possible role of Mo in alleviating Cd-induced inhibitions in two fragrant rice cultivars namely Guixiangzhan (GXZ) and Meixiangzhan-2 (MXZ-2). The results revealed that Mo application enhanced the plant dry biomass by 73.24% in GXZ and 58.09% in MXZ-2 under Cd stress conditions, suggesting that Mo supplementation alleviated Cd-induced toxicity effects in fragrant rice. The enhanced Cd-tolerance in fragrant rice plants prompted by Mo application could be ascribed to its ability to regulate Cd uptake and reduce Cd-induced oxidative stress as evident by lower hydrogen peroxide levels, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents in Cd-stressed plants. The ameliorative role of Mo against Cd-toxicity also reflected through its protection to the photosynthetic pigments, proline and soluble protein. Mo also induced antioxidant defense systems via maintaining higher contents of glutathione and ascorbate as well as enhancing the ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities and up-regulating transcript abundance in both fragrant rice cultivars under Cd stress. Conclusively, Mo-mediated modulation of Cd toxicity in fragrant rice was through restricting Cd uptake, maintaining photosynthetic performance and alleviating oxidative damages via the strong anti-oxidative defense systems; however, GXZ cultivar is comparatively more Cd tolerant and Mo-efficient as evident from the less growth inhibition and biomass reduction as well as enhanced Mo-induced Cd stress tolerance and less oxidative damage than MXZ-2 fragrant rice cultivar.

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