Application of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Based Biosensors for Health Monitoring: Simple Graphene Derivatives to 3D Printed Platforms

Biosensors hold great potential for revolutionizing personalized medicine and environmental monitoring. Their construction is the key factor which depends on either manufacturing techniques or robust sensing materials to improve efficacy of the device. Functional graphene is an attractive choice for transducing material due to its various advantages in interfacing with biorecognition elements. Graphene and its derivatives such as graphene oxide (GO) are thus being used extensively for biosensors for monitoring of diseases. In addition, graphene can be patterned to a variety of structures and is incorporated into biosensor devices such as microfluidic devices and electrochemical and plasmonic sensors. Among biosensing materials, GO is gaining much attention due to its easy synthesis process and patternable features, high functionality, and high electron transfer properties with a large surface area leading to sensitive point-of-use applications. Considering demand and recent challenges, this perspective review is an attempt to describe state-of-the-art biosensors based on functional graphene. Special emphasis is given to elucidating the mechanism of sensing while discussing different applications. Further, we describe the future prospects of functional GO-based biosensors for health care and environmental monitoring with a focus on additive manufacturing such as 3D printing.

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Organosilane-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hybrid Material: Efficient Adsorbent For Heavy Metal Ions In Drinking Water

10.21203/rs.3.rs-499116/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muharrem KARABÖRK ◽

Ban Abdullelah Muhammed ◽

Mehmet TÜMER ◽

SERHAN URUŞ

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Hybrid Material ◽

Enrichment Factors ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Azomethine Group ◽

Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Efficient Adsorbent

Abstract Organosilane-functionalized and chemically activated graphene-supported Schiff base ligand were synthesized and characterized with XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, UV.-Vis., FT-IR and TG/DTA techniques. In the synthesis process, graphene oxide was firstly obtained with Hummer’ s method and reacted with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine. The last, the amine-activated and organosilane containing GO was reacted with 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde resulting the hybrid material (M) having azomethine group. The material (M) was used as an adsorbent in order to remove the cobalt(II) and zinc(II) ions in drinking water and standard solutions. The adsorption capacity of the material (M) to cobalt(II) and zinc(II) ions was investigated by batch method. Moreover, the effect of pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration on the adsorption capacity of the material was also investigated. The enrichment factors were calculated as 441 and 675 for zinc(II) and cobalt(II), respectively. The recovery performance of the material was determined in 98.65-101.75% and 98.55-104.0% range for zinc(II) and cobalt(II) ions, respectively.

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Strategies for Incorporating Graphene Oxides and Quantum Dots into Photoresponsive Azobenzenes for Photonics and Thermal Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11092211 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2211

Author(s):

Anuja Bokare ◽

Jehanzeb Arif ◽

Folarin Erogbogbo

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Energy Density ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Optical Response ◽

High Electron ◽

Azo Polymers ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Graphene Derivatives

Graphene represents a new generation of materials which exhibit unique physicochemical properties such as high electron mobility, tunable optics, a large surface to volume ratio, and robust mechanical strength. These properties make graphene an ideal candidate for various optoelectronic, photonics, and sensing applications. In recent years, numerous efforts have been focused on azobenzene polymers (AZO-polymers) as photochromic molecular switches and thermal sensors because of their light-induced conformations and surface-relief structures. However, these polymers often exhibit drawbacks such as low photon storage lifetime and energy density. Additionally, AZO-polymers tend to aggregate even at moderate doping levels, which is detrimental to their optical response. These issues can be alleviated by incorporating graphene derivatives (GDs) into AZO-polymers to form orderly arranged molecules. GDs such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can modulate the optical response, energy density, and photon storage capacity of these composites. Moreover, they have the potential to prevent aggregation and increase the mechanical strength of the azobenzene complexes. This review article summarizes and assesses literature on various strategies that may be used to incorporate GDs into azobenzene complexes. The review begins with a detailed analysis of structures and properties of GDs and azobenzene complexes. Then, important aspects of GD-azobenzene composites are discussed, including: (1) synthesis methods for GD-azobenzene composites, (2) structure and physicochemical properties of GD-azobenzene composites, (3) characterization techniques employed to analyze GD-azobenzene composites, and most importantly, (4) applications of these composites in various photonics and thermal devices. Finally, a conclusion and future scope are given to discuss remaining challenges facing GD-azobenzene composites in functional science engineering.

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Functionalized Nano-graphene Oxide as Multi-modal Clinic for Effective Drug Delivery

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.4.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 3768-3771

Author(s):

Soumitra Satapathi ◽

Rutusmita Mishra ◽

Manisha Chatterjee ◽

Partha Roy ◽

Somesh Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Graphene Derivatives ◽

Nano Graphene

Nano-materials based drug delivery modalities to specific organs and tissues has become one of the critical endeavors in pharmaceutical research. Recently, two-dimensional graphene has elicited considerable research interest because of its potential application in drug delivery systems. Here we report, the drug delivery applications of PEGylated nano-graphene oxide (nGO-PEG), complexed with a multiphoton active and anti-cancerous diarylheptanoid drug curcumin. Specifically, graphene-derivatives were used as nanovectors for the delivery of the hydrophobic anticancer drug curcumin due to its high surface area and easy surface functionalization. nGO was synthesized by modified Hummer’s method and confirmed by XRD analysis. The formation of nGO, nGO-PEG and nGO-PEG-Curcumin complex were monitored through UV-vis, IR spectroscopy. MTT assay and AO/EB staining found that nGO-PEG-Curcumin complex afforded highly potent cancer cell killing in vitro with a human breast cancer cell line MCF7.

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Doxorubicin Loaded Nanoparticle Consisting of Chitosan and Mannose Modified Graphene Oxide for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Anti-tumor Activity

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.5.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 5155-5164

Author(s):

Meena K. S. ◽

Sonia K ◽

Alamelu Bai S

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Cancer Drug ◽

Hemolysis Assay ◽

Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽

Intracellular Drug Delivery ◽

Modified Graphene Oxide

In order to develop the efficiency and the specificity of anticancer drug delivery, we have designed an innovative nanocarrier. The nanocarrier system comprises of a multifunctional graphene oxide nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (GO-CS-M-DOX) as a novel platform for intracellular drug delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by hummer’s method whose surface was functionalized by chitosan (CS) in order to obtain a more precise drug delivery, the system was then decorated with mannose (M). Further conjugation of an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin to the nanocarrier system resulted in GO-CS-M-DOX drug delivery system. The resultant conjugate was characterized for its physio-chemical properties and its biocompatibility was evaluated via hemolysis assay. The drug entrapment efficiency is as high as 90% and in vitro release studies of DOX under pH 5.3 is significantly higher than that under pH 7.4. The anticancer activity of the synthesized drug delivery system was studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against MCF-7 cell line. These results stated that the pH dependent multifunctional doxorubicin- chitosan functionalized graphene oxide based nanocarrier system, could lead to a promising and potential platform for intracellular delivery and cytotoxicity activity for variety of anticancer drugs.

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