scholarly journals Urinary Volatiles and Chemical Characterisation for the Non-Invasive Detection of Prostate and Bladder Cancers

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Ayman S. Bannaga ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
James A. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urinary Volatiles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are some of the most common cancers in the world. In both BCa and PCa, the diagnosis is often confirmed with an invasive technique that carries a risk to the patient. Consequently, a non-invasive diagnostic approach would be medically desirable and beneficial to the patient. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for disease diagnosis, including cancer, is a promising research area that could support the diagnosis process. In this study, we investigated the urinary VOC profiles in BCa, PCa patients and non-cancerous controls by using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to analyse patient samples. GC-IMS separated BCa from PCa (area under the curve: AUC: 0.97 (0.93–1.00)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.95 (0.90–0.99)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.89 (0.83–0.94)) whereas GC-TOF-MS differentiated BCa from PCa (AUC: 0.84 (0.73–0.93)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.81 (0.70–0.90)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.94 (0.90–0.97)). According to our study, a total of 34 biomarkers were found using GC-TOF-MS data, of which 13 VOCs were associated with BCa, seven were associated with PCa, and 14 VOCs were found in the comparison of BCa and PCa.

scholarly journals Urinary Volatiles and Chemical Characterisation for the Non-invasive Detection of Prostate and Bladder Cancers 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Ayman S Bannaga ◽  
Ramesh P Arasaradnam ◽  
James A. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urinary Volatiles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Bladder cancer (BLC) and Prostate cancer (PC) are some of the most common cancers in the world, both having low five-year survival rates. In both BLC and PC, the diagnosis is often confirmed with an invasive technique that carries a risk to the patient. Consequently, a non-invasive diagnostic approach in these cancers would be medically desirable. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for disease diagnosis, including cancer, is a promising research area that could support the diagnosis process. In this study, we investigated the urinary VOC profiles in BLC, PC patients and non-cancerous controls by using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to analyse patient samples. GC-IMS separated BLC from PC (AUC: 0.97 (0.93-1.00)), BLC Vs Non-cancerous (AUC: 0.95 (0.90-0.99).) and PC Vs Non-cancerous (AUC: 0.89 (0.83-0.94)) whereas GC-TOF-MS differentiated BLC from PC (AUC: 0.84 (0.73-0.93) BLC Vs Non-cancerous (AUC: 0.81 (0.70-0.90)) and PC vs Non-cancerous (AUC: 0.94 (0.90-0.97)). According to our study, a total of 34 biomarkers were found using GC-TOF-MS data, of which 13 VOCs were associated with BLC, 7 were associated with PC and 14 VOCs were found in the comparison of BLC and PC.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study Using Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Ayman S. Bannaga ◽  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
James A. Covington ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers are lacking in clinical practice. We therefore explored the pattern and composition of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HCC patients. This was done in order to assess the feasibility of a potential non-invasive test for HCC, and to enhance our understanding of the disease. This pilot study recruited 58 participants, of whom 20 were HCC cases and 38 were non-HCC cases. The non-HCC cases included healthy individuals and patients with various stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including those with and without fibrosis. Urine was analysed using gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF-MS). GC–IMS was able to separate HCC from fibrotic cases with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (0.91–1.00), and from non-fibrotic cases with an AUC of 0.62 (0.48–0.76). For GC-TOF-MS, a subset of samples was analysed in which seven chemicals were identified and tentatively linked with HCC. These include 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (2TMS derivative), 2-butanone, 2-hexanone, benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-, 3-butene-1,2-diol, 1-(2-furanyl)-, bicyclo(4.1.0)heptane, 3,7,7-trimethyl-, [1S-(1a,3β,6a)]-, and sulpiride. Urinary VOC analysis using both GC–IMS and GC-TOF-MS proved to be a feasible method of identifying HCC cases, and was also able to enhance our understanding of HCC pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. 29 different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across New Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GD-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC×GC-ToF-MS). 94 % quantification was achieved on average across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were: fuel wood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquified petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2383-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Faecal Scent as a Novel Non-Invasive Biomarker to Discriminate between Coeliac Disease and Refractory Coeliac Disease: A Proof of Principle Study

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine D. Rouvroye ◽  
Alfian Wicaksono ◽  
Sofie Bosch ◽  
Edo Savelkoul ◽  
James A. Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Refractory Coeliac Disease

Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) is based on serology and gastroduodenoscopy with histology of duodenal mucosal biopsies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis as a novel, non-invasive tool to discriminate between CD in remission in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), refractory coeliac disease (RCD) and controls without CD. Patients with an established diagnosis of CD on a GFD, RCD and healthy controls (HC) were instructed to collect a faecal sample. All subjects completed questionnaires on clinical symptoms, lifestyle and dietary information. Faecal VOCs were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 13 CD, 7 RCD and 10 HC were included. A significant difference in VOC profiles between CD and RCD patients (area under the curve (AUC) ± 95% CI: 0.91 (0.79–1) p = 0.000) and between CD and HC (AUC ± 95% CI: 0.71 (0.51–0.91) p = 0.0254) was observed. We found no significant differences between faecal VOC patterns of HC and RCD. Based on faecal VOCs, CD could be discriminated from RCD and HC. This implies that faecal VOC analysis may hold potential as a novel non-invasive biomarker for RCD. Future studies should encompass a larger cohort to further investigate and validate this prior to application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Detection of Wound Infection by Ion Mobility Chemical Analysis

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Alfian Wicaksono ◽  
Janak Bechar ◽  
James A. Covington ◽  
Joseph Hardwicke
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Wound ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Micro Organisms

Surgical site infection represents a large burden of care in the National Health Service. Current methods for diagnosis include a subjective clinical assessment and wound swab culture that may take several days to return a result. Both techniques are potentially unreliable and result in delays in using targeted antibiotics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by micro-organisms such as those present in an infected wound. This study describes the use of a device to differentiate VOCs produced by an infected wound vs. colonised wound. Malodourous wound dressings were collected from patients, these were a mix of post-operative wounds and vascular leg ulcers. Wound microbiology swabs were taken and antibiotics commenced as clinically appropriate. A control group of soiled, but not malodorous wound dressings were collected from patients who had a split skin graft (SSG) donor site. The analyser used was a G.A.S. GC-IMS. The results from the samples had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%, with a positive predictive value of 90%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 91% demonstrates an excellent ability to discriminate those with an infected wound from those without. VOC detection using GC-IMS has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of infected and non-infected wounds and facilitate the treatment of wound infections that is cost effective, non-invasive, acceptable to patients, portable, and reliable.

scholarly journals Comprehensive 2D Gas Chromatography with TOF-MS Detection Confirms the Matchless Discriminatory Power of Monoterpenes and Provides In-Depth Volatile Profile Information for Highly Efficient White Wine Varietal Differentiation

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Igor Lukić ◽  
Silvia Carlin ◽  
Urska Vrhovsek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Profile Information ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Tof Ms

To differentiate white wines from Croatian indigenous varieties, volatile aroma compounds were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) and conventional one-dimensional GC-MS. The data obtained were subjected to uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. The extra separation ability of the GC×GC second dimension provided additional in-depth volatile profile information, with more than 1000 compounds detected, while 350 were identified or tentatively identified in total by both techniques, which allowed highly efficient differentiation. A hundred and sixty one compounds in total were significantly different across monovarietal wines. Monoterpenic compounds, especially α-terpineol, followed by limonene and linalool, emerged as the most powerful differentiators, although particular compounds from other chemical classes were also shown to have notable discriminating ability. In general, Škrlet wine was the most abundant in monoterpenes, Malvazija istarska was dominant in terms of fermentation esters concentration, Pošip contained the highest levels of particular C13-norisoprenoids, benzenoids, acetates, and sulfur containing compounds, Kraljevina was characterized by the highest concentration of a tentatively identified terpene γ-dehydro-ar-himachalene, while Maraština wine did not have specific unambiguous markers. The presented approach could be practically applied to improve defining, understanding, managing, and marketing varietal typicity of monovarietal wines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document