scholarly journals The Detection of Wound Infection by Ion Mobility Chemical Analysis

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Alfian Wicaksono ◽  
Janak Bechar ◽  
James A. Covington ◽  
Joseph Hardwicke
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infected Wound ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Micro Organisms

Surgical site infection represents a large burden of care in the National Health Service. Current methods for diagnosis include a subjective clinical assessment and wound swab culture that may take several days to return a result. Both techniques are potentially unreliable and result in delays in using targeted antibiotics. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by micro-organisms such as those present in an infected wound. This study describes the use of a device to differentiate VOCs produced by an infected wound vs. colonised wound. Malodourous wound dressings were collected from patients, these were a mix of post-operative wounds and vascular leg ulcers. Wound microbiology swabs were taken and antibiotics commenced as clinically appropriate. A control group of soiled, but not malodorous wound dressings were collected from patients who had a split skin graft (SSG) donor site. The analyser used was a G.A.S. GC-IMS. The results from the samples had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%, with a positive predictive value of 90%. An area under the curve (AUC) of 91% demonstrates an excellent ability to discriminate those with an infected wound from those without. VOC detection using GC-IMS has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of infected and non-infected wounds and facilitate the treatment of wound infections that is cost effective, non-invasive, acceptable to patients, portable, and reliable.

scholarly journals Faecal Scent as a Novel Non-Invasive Biomarker to Discriminate between Coeliac Disease and Refractory Coeliac Disease: A Proof of Principle Study

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine D. Rouvroye ◽  
Alfian Wicaksono ◽  
Sofie Bosch ◽  
Edo Savelkoul ◽  
James A. Covington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Refractory Coeliac Disease

Currently, the gold standard for diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) is based on serology and gastroduodenoscopy with histology of duodenal mucosal biopsies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis as a novel, non-invasive tool to discriminate between CD in remission in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD), refractory coeliac disease (RCD) and controls without CD. Patients with an established diagnosis of CD on a GFD, RCD and healthy controls (HC) were instructed to collect a faecal sample. All subjects completed questionnaires on clinical symptoms, lifestyle and dietary information. Faecal VOCs were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. A total of 13 CD, 7 RCD and 10 HC were included. A significant difference in VOC profiles between CD and RCD patients (area under the curve (AUC) ± 95% CI: 0.91 (0.79–1) p = 0.000) and between CD and HC (AUC ± 95% CI: 0.71 (0.51–0.91) p = 0.0254) was observed. We found no significant differences between faecal VOC patterns of HC and RCD. Based on faecal VOCs, CD could be discriminated from RCD and HC. This implies that faecal VOC analysis may hold potential as a novel non-invasive biomarker for RCD. Future studies should encompass a larger cohort to further investigate and validate this prior to application in clinical practice.

Real-time monitoring hypoxia at high altitudes using electrical bioimpedance technique: an animal experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Meng Dai ◽  
Qinglin Cao ◽  
Shuai Ding ◽  
Zhanqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Hypoxia poses a serious threat to pilots. The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of electrical bioimpedance (EBI) in detecting the onset of hypoxia in real time in a rabbit hypoxia model. Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were divided equally into four groups (control group and 3 hypoxia groups, i.e. mild, moderate and severe). Hypoxia was induced by simulating various altitudes in the hypobaric oxygen chamber (3000 m, 5000 m and 8000 m). Both cerebral impedance and blood oxygen (SaO2) were monitored continuously. Results showed that the cerebral impedance increased immediately during the period of increasing altitude and decreased quickly to the initial baseline at the phase of descending altitude. Moreover, the change of cerebral impedance in mild hypoxia group (3000 m) is significantly smaller than those in the other two groups (5000 m and 8000 m, P<0.05). The changes of cerebral impedance and SaO2 were significantly correlated based on the total of measurement data (R2=0.628, P<0.001). Further, the agreement analysis performed with Bland-Altman and standardized residual plots exhibited high concordance between cerebral impedance and SaO2. Receiver operator characteristic analysis manifested that the sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve using cerebral impedance for changes of SaO2 >10% were 0.735, 0.826 and 0.845, respectively. These findings demonstrated that EBI could sensitively and accurately monitor changes of cerebral impedance induced by hypoxia, which might provide a potential tool for the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of hypoxic condition of pilots in flight for early identification of hypoxia.

scholarly journals An Approach to Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome through Non-Invasive Methods in Obese Children

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Rafael Molina-Luque ◽  
Natalia Ulloa ◽  
Andrea Gleisner ◽  
Martin Zilic ◽  
Manuel Romero-Saldaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence in children, and its presence increases in those with a high BMI. This fact confirms the need for early detection to avoid the development of other comorbidities. Non-invasive variables are presented as a cost-effective and easy to apply alternative in any clinical setting. Aim: To propose a non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of MetS in overweight and obese Chilean children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 221 children aged 6 to 11 years. We carried out multivariate logistic regressions, receiver operating characteristic curves, and discriminant analysis to determine the predictive capacity of non-invasive variables. The proposed new method for early detection of MetS is based on clinical decision trees. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 26.7%. The area under the curve for the BMI and waist circumference was 0.827 and 0.808, respectively. Two decision trees were calculated: the first included blood pressure (≥104.5/69 mmHg), BMI (≥23.5 Kg/m2) and WHtR (≥0.55); the second used BMI (≥23.5 Kg/m2) and WHtR (≥0.55), with validity index of 74.7% and 80.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Early detection of MetS is possible through non-invasive methods in overweight and obese children. Two models (Clinical decision trees) based on anthropometric (non-invasive) variables with acceptable validity indexes have been presented. Clinical decision trees can be applied in different clinical and non-clinical settings, adapting to the tools available, being an economical and easy to measurement option. These methods reduce the use of blood tests to those patients who require confirmation.

Postsurgical Treatment of Split Skin Graft Donor Sites in Dermatological Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Jansen ◽  
Ingo Stoffels ◽  
Joachim Klode ◽  
Finja Jockenhöfer ◽  
Matthias Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Care ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Graft Donor ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Selection Of

The surgical removal of split skin grafts (SSGs) leads to superficial wounds that can be covered with different wound dressings. Currently, international guidelines that recommend a standard treatment of the donor sites are not yet established. We developed a questionnaire to evaluate the treatment of SSG donor sites and sent it to all dermatological departments in Germany. Altogether 78 of the 115 contacted departments in Germany participated in our cross-sectional trial. Our analysis reveals that multiple wound dressings with different frequencies of replacement are used. On an average, complete reepithelialization of the donor site takes 14-21 days. Foams and coated gauzes are used in 73% of all surgical procedures for postsurgical treatment of SSG donor sites. Still, neither a significant faster reepithelialization nor a lower rate of wound healing disorders can be assigned to any of the wound dressings. The results of our study indicate that a large number of wound care products and treatment strategies are currently applied on SSG donor sites in dermatological departments in Germany. The selection of the wound dressing is not based on scientific data but rather on the experience of individual experts.

scholarly journals Urinary Volatiles and Chemical Characterisation for the Non-Invasive Detection of Prostate and Bladder Cancers

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Ayman S. Bannaga ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
James A. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Urinary Volatiles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are some of the most common cancers in the world. In both BCa and PCa, the diagnosis is often confirmed with an invasive technique that carries a risk to the patient. Consequently, a non-invasive diagnostic approach would be medically desirable and beneficial to the patient. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for disease diagnosis, including cancer, is a promising research area that could support the diagnosis process. In this study, we investigated the urinary VOC profiles in BCa, PCa patients and non-cancerous controls by using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to analyse patient samples. GC-IMS separated BCa from PCa (area under the curve: AUC: 0.97 (0.93–1.00)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.95 (0.90–0.99)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.89 (0.83–0.94)) whereas GC-TOF-MS differentiated BCa from PCa (AUC: 0.84 (0.73–0.93)), BCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.81 (0.70–0.90)) and PCa vs. non-cancerous (AUC: 0.94 (0.90–0.97)). According to our study, a total of 34 biomarkers were found using GC-TOF-MS data, of which 13 VOCs were associated with BCa, seven were associated with PCa, and 14 VOCs were found in the comparison of BCa and PCa.

scholarly journals Clinical trial to compare between different dressing methods on split thickness graft donor site (conventional method VS Ca alginate Vs Hydrocolloid sheet)

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Tantawy ◽  
M O Kotb ◽  
W B Gerges ◽  
M M A Shihata
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Healing Rate ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Ca Alginate

Abstract Background According WHO Egypt has high incidence in RTA and burn. Controversy between studies and reviews on the best dressing on donor site, while evidence support the use of moist wound dressings other centers believe that the impregnated gauze is cost effective. Objective Comparison between 3 types of dressings: The Conventional method (Vaseline gauze), Calcium alginate and Hydrocolloid sheets to determine which donor-site dressings are associated with the best outcomes for faster healing rate, less Pain, decreased Infection rate, healing quality and cost-effectiveness. Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 60 patients 35 males (58.33%) and 25 females (41.67%) in Ahmed Maher Teaching hospital divided into 20 patients in each, the conventional by Vaseline gauze group, the hydrocolloid using group and the Ca alginate group. Results The hydrocolloid showed highly significant overall results in faster epithilization and healing rate with mean 9.35 days ± 1.8 days and significant pain reduction post operatively and comfort during dressings and it was satisfactory in the reduction in change frequency as most patients healed between 7 – 10 days and in most cases the requirement for dressing change was every 5 days. Conclusion Modern wound dressings should become the standard of care in Egyptian burn centers and hydrocolloid is advised when multiple reharvesting for huge skin defects and increase satisfaction with considerable cost effectiveness. Vaseline gauze showed the worst results, but cost effectiveness by direct method is doubted if compared by the indirect and global cost of analgesics, hospital stay and medical stuff burden of dressing frequency.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Diabetes by Volatile Organic Compounds in Urine Using FAIMS and Fox4000 Electronic Nose

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Esfahani ◽  
Alfian Wicaksono ◽  
Ella Mozdiak ◽  
Ramesh Arasaradnam ◽  
James Covington
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sparse Logistic Regression ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sample Age

The electronic nose (eNose) is an instrument designed to mimic the human olfactory system. Usage of eNose in medical applications is more popular than ever, due to its low costs and non-invasive nature. The eNose sniffs the gases and vapours that emanate from human waste (urine, breath, and stool) for the diagnosis of variety of diseases. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) affects 8.3% of adults in the world, with 43% being underdiagnosed, resulting in 4.9 million deaths per year. In this study, we investigated the potential of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for diabetes. In addition, we investigated the influence of sample age on the diagnostic accuracy of urinary VOCs. We analysed 140 urine samples (73 DM2, 67 healthy) with Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS); a type of eNose; and FOX 4000 (AlphaM.O.S, Toulouse, France). Urine samples were collected at UHCW NHS Trust clinics over 4 years and stored at −80 °C within two hours of collection. Four different classifiers were used for classification, specifically Sparse Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Gaussian Process, and Support Vector on both FAIMS and FOX4000. Both eNoses showed their capability of diagnosing DM2 from controls and the effect of sample age on the discrimination. FAIMS samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 88%, sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 82%) and then sub group samples aged less than a year (AUC (Area Under the Curve): 94%, Sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 100%). FOX4000 samples were analysed for all samples aged 0–4 years (AUC: 85%, sensitivity: 77%, specificity: 85%) and a sub group samples aged less than 18 months: (AUC: 94%, sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 89%). We demonstrated that FAIMS and FOX 4000 eNoses can discriminate DM2 from controls using urinary VOCs. In addition, we showed that urine sample age affects discriminative accuracy.

Randomized clinical trial of donor-site wound dressings after split-skin grafting

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Brölmann ◽  
A. M. Eskes ◽  
J. C. Goslings ◽  
F. B. Niessen ◽  
R. de Bree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Split Skin Grafting ◽  
Split Skin

Morphological and haemodynamic abnormalities in the jugular veins of patients with multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Radak ◽  
J Kolar ◽  
S Tanaskovic ◽  
D Sagic ◽  
Z Antonic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives Multiple areas of stenosis and different levels of obstruction of internal jugular and azygous veins (a condition known as cronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency) recently emerged as an additional theory to the well-known autoimmune concept, explaining etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of our study was to evaluate internal jugular vein (IJV) morphology and haemodynamic characteristics in patients with MS and compare it with well-matched healthy individuals and to evaluate the prevalence of venous flow abnormalities in both groups. Methods Sixty-four patients with clinically proven MS and 37 healthy individuals were included in our study. In all patients, IJV morphology and haemodynamic characteristics were evaluated by colour Doppler sonography as well as venous flow disorder. The patients were classified into four groups according to MS clinical form presentation. The prevalence of morphological and haemodynamic abnormalities in the IJV were assessed. Results The presence of stenosing lesion, mostly intraluminal defects like abnormal IJV valves, were observed in 28 patients (43%) in the MS group, and in 17 patients (45.9%) in the control group ( P = NS). By adding haemodynamic Doppler information in the IJV venous outflow was significantly different in 42% of MS patients showing flow abnormalities (27/64), as compared with 8.1% of the controls (3/37), P < 0.001. Conclusion In our group of patients, patients suffering from MS had significantly more IJV morphological changes and haemodynamic abnormalities when compared with healthy individuals not suffering from MS. These findings can be well demonstrated by non-invasive and cost-effective Doppler ultrasound.

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