scholarly journals Gender Differences in Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Ratios among Patients with Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Laura Fusar-Poli ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Patriciu Cimpoesu ◽  
Pietro Grimaldi Filioli ◽  
Antimo Natale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Female Group ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Evidence suggested that inflammation may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), a chronic psychiatric condition affecting around 2-3% of the general population. However, little is known regarding potential gender differences in peripheral biomarkers of BD, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios. Methods: In total, 197 females and 174 males with BD in different phases (i.e., (hypo)mania, depression, euthymia) were recruited. A blood sample was drawn to perform a complete blood count (CBC). NLR, PLR, and MLR were subsequently calculated, and differences were computed according to the illness phase and gender. Results: PLR was consistently higher in (hypo)manic than depressed patients, in both males and females. No significant gender differences in PLR value were found when considering only (hypo)mania. Conversely, NLR was increased in (hypo)mania only among males, and gender differences were retrieved in the (hypo)manic subgroup. The findings related to MLR were only marginally significant. Higher platelets values were associated with (hypo)mania only in the female group. Basophils and eosinophils appeared gender- but not state-dependent. Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence that increased PLR levels may be associated with (hypo)mania in bipolar patients, regardless of gender. Moreover, the usefulness of NLR as a peripheral biomarker of BD appeared limited to males while the role of platelets to females. As CBC represents a low-cost and easily accessible test, researchers should investigate in-depth its potential usefulness as a biomarker of BD and other psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Can Hematological Parameters Play a Role in the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenal Tumors?

Uro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mehmet Gürkan Arıkan ◽  
Göktan Altuğ Öz ◽  
Nur Gülce İşkan ◽  
Necdet Süt ◽  
İlkan Yüksel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference

There have been few studies reported with conflicting results in the use of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), redcell-distribution-width (RDW), etc. for predicting prognosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of inflammatory markers through a complete blood count, which is an easy access low-cost method, for the differential diagnosis of adrenocortical adenoma (ACA), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), and pheochromocytoma. The data of patients who underwent adrenalectomy between the years of 2010–2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Systemic hematologic inflammatory markers based on a complete blood count such as neutrophil ratio (NR), lymphocyte ratio (LR), NLR, PLR, RDW, mean platelet volume (MPV), and maximum tumor diameter (MTD) were compared between the groups. A statistically significant difference was found between the three groups in terms of PLR, RDW, and MTD. With post-hoc tests, a statistically significant difference was found in PLR and MTD between the ACA and ACC groups. A statistically significant difference was found between the ACA and pheochromocytoma groups in PLR and RDW values. In conclusion, it could be possible to plan a more accurate medical and surgical approach using PLR and RDW, which are easily calculated through an easy access low-cost method such as a complete blood count, together with MTD in the differential diagnosis of ACC, ACA, and pheochromocytoma.

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals Exploring Gender Differences in Support for Rightist Parties: The Role of Party and Gender Ideology

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Campbell ◽  
Silvia Erzeel
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

This contribution to the Special Issue on Gender and Conservatism uses expert and election surveys to explore the extent to which the feminist or traditional gender ideology of parties of the right relates to their economic and liberal/authoritarian ideology. We show that although parties of the left generally espouse more feminist ideologies than parties of the right, there are a significant number of rightist parties in Western Europe that combine laissez-faire economic values with liberal feminist ideals. That said, there is more homogeneity among parties of the populist radical right than rightist parties more generally. We find that despite some variation in their gender ideology, parties of the populist radical right overwhelmingly—with the exception of one party in the Netherlands—continue to adopt traditional or antifeminist gender ideologies. In terms of attracting women voters, we find that rightist parties who adopt a feminist gender ideology are able to attract more women voters than other parties of the right. We detect several examples of center-right parties that include feminist elements in their gender ideologies and are able to win over larger proportions of women voters than rightist parties that fail to adopt feminist positions.

The Role of Deceptive Communication and Gender in Shaping Online Dating Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kuzio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Deceptive Communication

Online dating is becoming an increasingly used method for meeting significant others. As the research of lying behavior has advanced so has the technique of detecting the act of lying, especially in the online environment where deception is more likely to happen. The aim of this chapter is to simplify the perception of lying behavior to the general population and examine gender differences of lying behavior, namely, to verify whether one can observe a statistically significant difference in the speech behavior and exploitation of lying cues among men and women. The study shows correlation between gender and deception in online environment.

The Role of a Complete Blood Count with Differential for the Surgeon

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-495
Author(s):  
Armin Kamyab ◽  
Jonathan Cook ◽  
Sameer Sawhney ◽  
Michael Milshteyn ◽  
Vijay Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count

The Expanding Role of Antipsychotics

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Philip G. Janicak
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Antipsychotics have been utilized in the treatment of bipolar disorder for many decades and were the mainstay of treatment before lithium was reintroduced in the late 1960s. Today, many bipolar patients who present with psychotic features are misdiagnosed and prescribed an antipsychotic for another disorder. Estimates of psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder, particularly during a manic episode, are ≥50% by clinical assessment and even higher by individual reports. Thus, antipsychotics are frequently used: as first treatment for psychosis not recognized as bipolar disorder, and as an adjunct to a mood-stabilizing agent in bipolars with psychotic symptoms.Most recently, antipsychotics have been examined for their mood-stabilizing properties as well (Slide 9). One may conceptualize using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant for disorders such as panic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder, and using an antiepileptic as a mood-stabilizing agent; however, it is more difficult to accept that an agent approved for treatment of psychosis can be a primary therapy for bipolar disorder. Data from the monotherapy trials suggest that second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are at least as effective as lithium and valproic acid for acute mania. There is a very large database indicating that SGAs can be utilized as monotherapy for acute mania. However, there is limited data on the role of these agents in prevention of relapse and recurrence and in their efficacy for depression in the context of bipolar disorder. More studies will be needed to clarify whether SGAs should be used as monotherapy or whether they would be best used as augmenting agents in severe and psychotically manic or depressed patients.

Impaired recognition of happy facial expressions in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linette Lawlor-Savage ◽  
Scott R. Sponheim ◽  
Vina M. Goghari
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Recognition Condition ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundThe ability to accurately judge facial expressions is important in social interactions. Individuals with bipolar disorder have been found to be impaired in emotion recognition; however, the specifics of the impairment are unclear. This study investigated whether facial emotion recognition difficulties in bipolar disorder reflect general cognitive, or emotion-specific, impairments. Impairment in the recognition of particular emotions and the role of processing speed in facial emotion recognition were also investigated.MethodsClinically stable bipolar patients (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 50) judged five facial expressions in two presentation types, time-limited and self-paced. An age recognition condition was used as an experimental control.ResultsBipolar patients’ overall facial recognition ability was unimpaired. However, patients’ specific ability to judge happy expressions under time constraints was impaired.ConclusionsFindings suggest a deficit in happy emotion recognition impacted by processing speed. Given the limited sample size, further investigation with a larger patient sample is warranted.

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