scholarly journals Distinctive Frontal and Occipitotemporal Surface Features in Neglectful Parenting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Inmaculada León ◽  
María José Rodrigo ◽  
Ileana Quiñones ◽  
Juan Andrés Hernández-Cabrera ◽  
Lorna García-Pentón
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Although the brain signatures of adaptive human parenting are well documented, the cortical features associated with maladaptive caregiving are underexplored. We investigated whether cortical thickness and surface area vary in a small group of mothers who had neglected their children (24 in the neglect group, NG) compared to a control group of mothers with non-neglectful caregiving (21 in the control group, CG). We also tested whether the cortical differences were related to dyadic mother-child emotional availability (EA) in a play task with their children and whether alexithymia involving low emotional awareness that characterizes the NG could play a role in the cortical-EA associations. Whole-brain analysis of the cortical mantle identified reduced cortical thickness in the right rostral middle frontal gyrus and an increased surface area in the right lingual and lateral occipital cortices for the NG with respect to the CG. Follow-up path analysis showed direct effects of the right rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG) on the emotional availability (EA) and on the difficulty to identify feelings (alexithymia factor), with a marginal indirect RMFG-EA effect through this factor. These preliminary findings extend existing work by implicating differences in cortical features associated with neglectful parenting and relevant to mother-child interactive bonding.

scholarly journals Cortical surface alterations in cingulate and frontal regulatory areas underlie insensitive mothering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada León ◽  
María José Rodrigo ◽  
Ileana Quiñones ◽  
Juan Andrés Hernández-Cabrera ◽  
Lorna García-Pentón
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Emotional Availability ◽  
Frontal Area ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis study focuses on severe insensitive or neglectful mothering, the most prevalent type of child maltreatment, to examine cortical surface feature alterations underlying maternal functioning and their impact on mother-child interactive bonding. High-resolution 3D volumetric images were obtained on 24 neglectful (NM) and 21 non-neglectful control (CM) mothers. Using surface-based morphometry, we compared differences in cortical thickness and surface area. Mothers completed alexithymia and cortical integrity measures and participated with their children in a play task (Emotional Availability Scale). We found cortical thinning for NM in the right rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right anterior/medial cingulate cortex, and also increased surface area in the right occipital lingual and fusiform areas and the caudal middle frontal area. Mediation analyses showed that cognitive integrity and alexithymia mediated, respectively, the positive and negative effect of the rostral middle frontal gyrus on Emotional Availability. The findings suggest cortical thinning in the rostral frontal area underlying high-order regulatory functioning as being critical for poor maternal self-awareness of emotions and the organization of coordinated actions during mother-child interactive bonding.

scholarly journals RONC-26. A CASE OF RADIATION NECROSIS OF THE CEREBELLUM 16 YEARS AFTER CHEMORADIOTHERAPY FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii460-iii460
Author(s):  
Mayuko Miyata ◽  
Masahiro Nonaka ◽  
Akio Asai
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Secondary Cancer ◽  
Brain Necrosis ◽  
Cerebellar Medulloblastoma ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND If new lesions are observed during follow-up of the malignant tumor after treatment, it is difficult to distinguish whether the tumor is a recurrent lesion, secondary cancer, or radiation necrosis of the brain. We have encountered a patient with symptomatic radiation necrosis of the cerebellum 16 years after treatment of medulloblastoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old man who had received a tumor resection and chemoradiotherapy for cerebellar medulloblastoma at the age of 8 presented with dizziness. For the past 16 years, there was no recurrence of the tumor. He subsequently underwent MRI scan, and T1-Gd image showed enhanced lesion in the right cerebellar peduncle. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology analysis was negative for tumor. We suspected tumor reccurence or secondary cancer, and performed lesion biopsy. The result of the pathological examination was radiation necrosis of the cerebellum. DISCUSSION: The interval of radiation necrosis of the brain and radiotherapy can vary from months to more than 10 years. So, whenever a new lesion is identified, radiation brain necrosis must be envisioned. According to guidelines in Japan, there is no absolute examination for discriminating tumor recurrence from radiation brain necrosis and diagnosis by biopsy may be required. CONCLUSION We experienced a case of symptomatic radiation necrosis of the cerebellum 16 years after treatment. In patients showing new lesion after long periods of time, the possibility of radiation necrosis to be considered.

Intrathecal treatment trial of rituximab in progressive MS

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (20) ◽  
pp. e1893-e1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Bergman ◽  
Joachim Burman ◽  
Jonathan D. Gilthorpe ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Elena Jiltsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Frontal Horn ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Phase 1B ◽  
The Right

ObjectivesTo perform a phase 1b assessment of the safety and feasibility of intrathecally delivered rituximab as a treatment for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and to evaluate the effect of treatment on disability and CSF biomarkers during a 1-year follow-up period.MethodsThree doses of rituximab (25 mg with a 1-week interval) were administered in 23 patients with PMS via a ventricular catheter inserted into the right frontal horn and connected to a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir. Follow-ups were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.ResultsMild to moderate vertigo and nausea were common but temporary adverse events associated with intrathecal rituximab infusion, which was otherwise well tolerated. The only severe adverse event was a case of low-virulent bacterial meningitis that was treated effectively. Of 7 clinical assessments, only 1 showed statistically significant improvement 1 year after treatment. No treatment effect was observed during the follow-up period among 6 CSF biomarkers.ConclusionsIntrathecal administration of rituximab was well tolerated. However, it may involve a risk for injection-related infections. The lack of a control group precludes conclusions being drawn regarding treatment efficacy.ClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT01719159.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class IV evidence that intrathecal rituximab treatment is well tolerated and feasible in PMS but involves a risk of severe infections.

scholarly journals SENTUHAN KASIH IBU, UPAYA STIMULASI TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK DENGAN PIJAT BAYI PADA ANAK USIA 0-3 TAHUN DI DESA SELEBUNG KETANGGA, KECAMATAN KERUAK KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 356
Author(s):  
Catur Esty Pamungkas ◽  
Aulia Amini ◽  
Cyntiya Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Good Productivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRAKBayi dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik jika kebutuhan dasarnya terpenuhi, yaitu  asah, asih dan asuh. Kebutuhan asah adalah kebutuhan akan stimulasi dini. Pemberian stimulasi dini yang sesuai akan memungkinkan terbentuknya etika, kepribadian yang baik, kecerdasan, kemandirian, keterampilan dan produktivitas yang baik. Efektifitas pijat bayi memberikan manfaat pada perkembangan motorik sangat baik pada anak usia 8-28 hari dibandingkan dengan anak yang tidak diberikan stimulasi pijat bayi (Rizki, 2017). Melalui pemijatan peredaran darah akan lancar, Salah satu zat penting yang dibawa adalah oksigen. Terpenuhinya oksigen diotak secara cukup membuat konsentrasi dan kesiagaan bayi semakin baik(Sembiring, 2017). Solusi permasalahan yang ditawarkan yaitu “Sentuhan Kasih Ibu” Upaya Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang anak dengan Pijat Bayi yang dilakukan Pada Anak Usia 0-3 Tahun di Desa Selebung Ketangga di Kecamatan Keruak Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Tujuan pengabdian ini memberikan informasi bagi masyarakat terutama orang tua mengenai manfaat setiap langkah dari pijat bayi. Tim PKMS akan memberikan pelatihan langsung kepada ibu yang akan dipraktikkan oleh narasumber yang berpengalaman, memiliki bidang ilmu yang sesuai dan telah mendapatkan pelatihan pijat bayi sebelumnya, sehingga setiap informasi diberikan oleh orang yang tepat. Setelah diberikan pelatihan pijat bayi tersebut, diharapkan ibu dapat mempraktikan sendiri pijat bayi di rumah.Jumlah responden yang mengikuti kegiatan ini sebanyak 32 balita. Hasil pengadian didapatkan terbanyak responden 12-24 sebanyak 19 balita (59,4%). Hasil pre test didapatkan 23 responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang dan post test sebagian besar pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 18 responden. Hasil follow up kemampuan pijat bayi didapatkan 24 reponden mampu melakukan pijat bayi dengan benar. Kata kunci: stimulasi tumbuh kembang; bayi; pijat bayi. ABSTRACTBabies can grow and develop well if their basic needs, which are teasers, love and foster. The need for sharpening is the need for early stimulation. Providing first inspiration appropriate will enable the formation of ethics, a good personality, intelligence, independence, skills and good productivity. The effectiveness of baby massage provides benefits to motor development is very good in children aged 8-28 days compared with children who do not give stimulation of baby massage (Rizki, 2017). Through massage, the blood circulation will be smooth. One of them the essential substance carried is oxygen. Fulfilment of oxygen in the brain is sufficient to make the baby's concentration and alertness are getting better (Sembiring, 2017). The solution to the problem offered is the "Touch of Mother's Love" Efforts to Stimulate Child Development with Infant Massage which was carried out on children aged 0-3 years in Selebung Ketangga Village in Keruak District East Lombok Regency. The purpose of this service is to provide information for the community, especially parents, regarding the benefits of every step of baby massage. The Stimulus Community Service Team (PKMS) will provide training directly to the mother who will be practised by experienced speakers who have fields science according to the training and baby massage before, so every information given by the right person. After being given the baby massage training, it is hoped that the mother can practicing baby massage at home on their own. The number of respondents who participated in this activity was 32 toddler. The results obtained were the most respondents 12-24 as many as 19 toddlers (59.4%). Pre results test found 23 respondents have less knowledge and most of the post-test sufficient knowledge of 18 respondents. The follow-up results of the infant massage ability were obtained 24 respondents are able to massage the baby properly. Keywords: growth and development stimulation; baby; baby massage.

Spontaneous resolution of invasive cerebral aspergillosis following partial resection in a medically untreated infant

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Thakar ◽  
Yasha T. Chickabasaviah ◽  
Alangar S. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Cerebral Hemiatrophy ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
The Brain

Invasive craniocerebral aspergillosis, often encountered in an immunocompromised setting, is almost uniformly fatal despite radical surgical and medical management, and is frequently a necropsy finding. The authors report a unique, self-resolving clinical course of this aggressive infection in a 10-month-old infant. The infant was brought to the emergency services in altered sensorium with a 1-week history of left-sided hemiparesis, excessive irritability, and vomiting. An MRI study of the brain revealed multiple, heterogeneously enhancing lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere with mass effect. The largest lesion in the frontotemporal cortical and subcortical regions was decompressed on an emergent basis. Histopathological findings were suggestive of invasive aspergillosis, although there was no evidence of the infection in the lungs or paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography–guided aspiration of the remaining lesions and follow-up antifungal therapy were recommended. The parents, however, requested discharge without further treatment. The child was seen at a follow-up visit 3 years later without having received any antifungal treatment. Imaging showed resolution of the infection and features of Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (cerebral hemiatrophy). This report of invasive cerebral aspergillosis resolving without medical therapy is the first of its kind. Its clinicoradiological aspects are discussed in light of previously reported cases.

scholarly journals A New Coated Nitinol Occluder for Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects in a Canine Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xinmiao Huang ◽  
Xianxian Zhao ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Septal Defect ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Type ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
The Right ◽  
Microscopy Examination

Aims. This study evaluated feasibility and safety of implanting the polyester-coated nitinol ventricular septal defect occluder (pcVSDO) in the canine model.Methods and Results. VSD models were successfully established by transseptal ventricular septal puncture via the right jugular vein in 15 out of 18 canines. Two types of VSDOs were implanted, either with pcVSDOs (n=8) as the new type occluder group or with the commercial ventricular septal defect occluders (VSDOs,n=7, Shanghai Sharp Memory Alloy Co. Ltd.) as the control group. Sheath size was 10 French (10 Fr) in two groups. Then the general state of the canines was observed after implantation. ECG and TTE were performed, respectively, at 7, 30, 90 days of follow-up. The canines were sacrificed at these time points for pathological and scanning electron microscopy examination. The devices were successfully implanted in all 15 canines and were retrievable and repositionable. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. The pcVSDO surface implanted at day 7 was already covered with neotissue by gross examination, and it completed endothelialization at day 30, while the commercial VSDO was covered with the neotissue in 30th day and the complete endothelialization in 90th day.Conclusion. The study shows that pcVSDO is feasible and safe to close canine VSD model and has good biocompatibility and shorter time of endothelialization.

scholarly journals TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO SPLITTING NAS TENDINITES AGUDAS EXPERIMENTAIS EM EQÜINOS

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. G. ALVES ◽  
J. L. M. NICOLETTI ◽  
A. THOMASSIAN ◽  
C. A. HUSSNI ◽  
M. J. WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Repair Tissue ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Lesion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do tratamento cirúrgico “splitting” em lesões tendíneas agudas induzidas experimentalmente. Para tanto, foram utilizados 8 eqüinos sadios, submetidos à aplicação de colagenase (2ml–2,5mg/ml) nos tendões flexores digitais superficiais (TFDS) dos membros torácicos e após 7 dias da aplicação, foram realizadas incisões percutâneas - splitting - no local da lesão dos membros direitos (grupo tratado), permanecendo os membros esquerdos como grupo controle. Os 8 animais foram divididos em 2 grupos de mesmo número, segundo o período da realização das biópsias (grupo 1 - 30o dia e o grupo 2 - 60o dia após indução da tendinite). A monitoração dos animais foi realizada através de exames clínicos, ultra-sonográficos, análises macroscópica e histopatológica. Ao exame clínico não foi observada diferença significativa entre o grupo tratado e o controle. Com o exame ultra-sonográfico foi constatado que no grupo tratado houve uma significativa redução da área média da lesão naqueles membros em que foram observadas lesões iniciais maiores que 30% da área tendínea. Foram observadas menor celularidade do tecido de reparação e maior fibroplastia nos tecidos tratados, indicando melhor maturação tecidual neste grupo. Através dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que o splitting utilizado em lesões com áreas maiores que 30% da área transversal tendínea reduz o tempo de cicatrização da lesão e melhora a remodelação tecidual. Tendon splitting surgical treatment on experimental equine acute tendinitis Abstract The main aim of the present research work was to study the effects of the splitting on equine experimental tendinitis. Eight horses without soundness problems were used in this experiment. The tendinitis was induced by administration of collagenase (2 ml, 2.5 mg/ml) in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of all animals. After 7 days of the induction of tendinitis, an intralesional splitting was carried out with a tendon knife in the right forelimbs, the left forelimbs kept as control. The 8 animals were divided in two groups of 4 according to the period that the biopsies took place: group 1, at the 30th day and group 2 at the 60th day after the splitting had been performed. The splitting and healing processes were monitored by clinical and sonographic examinations during all the experiment, Gross and histopathological analysis of the forelimbs were performed in both groups of animals, at the 30th and the 60th day after the splitting, respectively. Follow-up sonographic examinations displayed the fact that lesions bigger than 30% of the tendon area showed significant decrease in the mean values of the lesion area in the split tendons, when compared with the control group at the days 15, 30 and 60 after the splitting. Split members showed marked improvement in the severity rates and percentile of residual tendon lesion at the 60 day. The cellularity of the repair tissue was significantly lower. besides the fact that there were more mature repair tissue in the split tendons at 30 and 60 days after the splitting. These results allowed to conclude that the split technique used in acute large core lesions reduce the time of wound healing and improve the scar remodeling.

Convexity Meningioma Presenting as Postpartum Eclampsia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bello B Shehu ◽  
Nasiru J Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
In Pregnancy

A 37-year-old woman, Para 5+0 presented with a 1 year history of recurrent convulsions and progressive weakness of the right side of the body. She had been treated for postpartum eclampsia in her last delivery but symptoms recurred 3 months later. Evaluation including computerized tomography scan of the brain suggested a parieto-temporal meningioma, which was completely excised at craniotomy. Histology confirmed this to be a meningioma. The patient was well at 8 months of follow up. The growth of meningiomas may increase during pregnancy due to presence of receptors for progestational hormones in the tumour and the meningioma may become symptomatic in pregnancy, presenting as eclampsia. Close follow up of patients with eclampsia is necessary to identify neurological features that may lead to a diagnosis of meningioma. Early diagnosis is essential if a good outcome is to be ensured.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence to Analyze the Cortical Thickness Through Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ledesma ◽  
Mario-Alberto Ibarra-Manzano ◽  
Dora-Luz Almanza-Ojeda ◽  
Pascal Fallavollita ◽  
Jason Steffener
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Unseen Data ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

In this study, Artificial Intelligence was used to analyze a dataset containing the cortical thickness from 1,100 healthy individuals. This dataset had the cortical thickness from 31 regions in the left hemisphere of the brain as well as from 31 regions in the right hemisphere. Then, 62 artificial neural networks were trained and validated to estimate the number of neurons in the hidden layer. These neural networks were used to create a model for the cortical thickness through age for each region in the brain. Using the artificial neural networks and kernels with seven points, numerical differentiation was used to compute the derivative of the cortical thickness with respect to age. The derivative was computed to estimate the cortical thickness speed. Finally, color bands were created for each region in the brain to identify a positive derivative, that is, a part of life with an increase in cortical thickness. Likewise, the color bands were used to identify a negative derivative, that is, a lifetime period with a cortical thickness reduction. Regions of the brain with similar derivatives were organized and displayed in clusters. Computer simulations showed that some regions exhibit abrupt changes in cortical thickness at specific periods of life. The simulations also illustrated that some regions in the left hemisphere do not follow the pattern of the same region in the right hemisphere. Finally, it was concluded that each region in the brain must be dynamically modeled. One advantage of using artificial neural networks is that they can learn and model non-linear and complex relationships. Also, artificial neural networks are immune to noise in the samples and can handle unseen data. That is, the models based on artificial neural networks can predict the behavior of samples that were not used for training. Furthermore, several studies have shown that artificial neural networks are capable of deriving information from imprecise data. Because of these advantages, the results obtained in this study by the artificial neural networks provide valuable information to analyze and model the cortical thickness.

scholarly journals Case of a Giant Prolactinoma Measuring Greater Than 10 CM in a Post-Menopausal Woman

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A575-A575
Author(s):  
Nasvin Imamudeen ◽  
Aiman Zafar ◽  
Shankar Bettadahalli
Keyword(s):  
Medical Therapy ◽  
Prolactin Level ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary adenomas. Macroprolactinoma is the name used for tumors when their size exceeds 1 cm and giant prolactinomas are those that exceeds 4 cm. Females are more commonly reported to have microprolactinomas with female-to-male ratio of 20:1, on the contrary macroprolactinomas are usually diagnosed in men aged 20-50 years with a reported male-to-female ratio of 9:1. We are presenting the case of a 63-year-old female with history of cataracts and hypertension who presented with complaints of progressive decrease in vision in both of her eyes (right greater than left) for several months and declining night vision without headache. Her only other symptoms were tiredness and cold intolerance. A detailed visual exam led to the findings of bitemporal hemianopsia and possible right optic neuropathy. Her neurological exam otherwise was intact. Subsequently contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a large sellar and suprasellar mass measuring greater than 10 cm x 6 cm in size invading right cavernous sinus, surrounding vessels and compressing optic chiasm with extension into the right temporal lobe, left frontal lobe and subfalcine shift to the right. Laboratory studies indicated elevated prolactin level of 4932 ng/mL (2.8 - 29.2 ng/mL) consistent with prolactinoma. Pituitary hormone function testing revealed suppressed gonadotropins, subnormal ACTH stimulation test and central hypothyroidism. She was started on medical therapy with cabergoline. At one month follow-up, serum prolactin level significantly decreased to 136.2 ng/mL but the size of the mass did not significantly decrease on follow up brain MRI. Patient currently wants to try medical management alone. Conclusion: Macroprolactinomas measuring >4 cm are rare, accounting for only 1–5% of all prolactinomas and are more commonly seen in men, however they can be seen in postmenopausal women as well. Headaches and visual field disturbances are common presenting symptoms due to compressive effect and warrant further investigation with MRI of the brain. Medical therapy alone can sometimes suffice and surgery is a second line option as it confers morbidity risks.

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