Animal Models as a Tool to Design Therapeutical Strategies for CMT-like Hereditary Neuropathies

Since ancient times, animal models have provided fundamental information in medical knowledge. This also applies for discoveries in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), where they have been instrumental for our understanding of nerve development, pathogenesis of neuropathy, molecules and pathways involved and to design potential therapies. In this review, we briefly describe how animal models have been used in ancient medicine until the use of rodents as the prevalent model in present times. We then travel along different examples of how rodents have been used to improve our understanding of IPNs. We do not intend to describe all discoveries and animal models developed for IPNs, but just to touch on a few arbitrary and paradigmatic examples, taken from our direct experience or from literature. The idea is to show how strategies have been developed to finally arrive to possible treatments for IPNs.

Download Full-text

Animal models for inherited peripheral neuropathies

Journal of Neuroscience Research ◽

10.1002/1097-4547(20000801)61:3<244::aid-jnr2>3.0.co;2-r ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 244-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rudolf Martini

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Peripheral Neuropathies

Download Full-text

The Debate about methodus medendi during the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century in England

Early Science and Medicine ◽

10.1163/15733823-1845p0002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (4-5) ◽

pp. 339-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claire Crignon

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Comparative Anatomy ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

The Body ◽

Ancient Medicine ◽

History Of ◽

Definition Of ◽

Ancient Philosopher ◽

Active Investigation

Following a recent trend in the field of the history of philosophy and medicine, this paper stresses the necessity of recognizing empiricism’s patent indebtedness to the sciences of the body. While the tribute paid to the Hippocratic method of observation in the work of Thomas Sydenham is well known, it seems necessary to take into account a trend more critical of ancient medicine developed by followers of chemical medicine who considered the doctrine of elements and humours to be a typical example of the idols that hinder the improvement of medical knowledge and defend the necessity of experimentation (comparative anatomy, dissection, autopsy, chemical analysis of bodies). In light of the fact that modern discoveries (blood circulation, the lymphatic system, theory of fevers) resulted in a “new frame of human nature,” they developed a critical reading of ancient empiricism. As a consequence, we can distinguish between two distinct anti-speculative traditions in the genesis of philosophical empiricism. The first (which includes Bacon, Boyle and Willis) recommends an active investigation into nature and refers to the figure of Democritus, the ancient philosopher who devoted himself to the dissection of beasts. Defenders of this first tradition refuse point-blank to be called ‘empiricists’, a label which had a very negative meaning during the seventeenth century, when it was used to dismiss charlatans and quacks. The other tradition (including Sydenham and Locke), stressing as it does the role of description and observation, is more sceptical of the ability of dissection or anatomy to give us access to causes of diseases. This later tradition comes closer to the definition of ancient empiricism and to the figure of Hippocrates. 

Download Full-text

The 1904 epidemic of cholera in Persia: some aspects of qājār society

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0041977x00114570 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 258-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. M. Burrell

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Early Years ◽

Original Source ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

The World ◽

Ancient Times ◽

The One

Of all the diseases which afflicted mankind in the nineteenth century cholera has a good claim to the unenviable title of being the most dreaded. It was certainly the one which prompted the first sustained efforts to devise and implement international sanitary conventions. The reasons why cholera was so feared are many. Until the second decade of the century it was confined to the Indian subcontinent—where it had probably existed since ancient times—and medical knowledge of it elsewhere was practically nil. In 1817, however, maritime trade carried the infection to other lands and thus began the first period of diffusion which lasted for some six years. By the early years of the twentieth century a further five massive epidemics had occurred, almost every country in the world had been affected and the cumulative death toll was measured in millions. Persia, being so close to the original source of infection, suffered in every one of those epidemics and also from several other more limited and localized outbreaks.

Download Full-text

NEW DOSAGE FORM IN AYURVEDA - THERMO-SENSITIVE VAGINAL GEL OF PVK EXTRACT

November 2020 - International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ◽

10.46607/iamj2509082021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1754-1758

Author(s):

Kirtidhara Behera ◽

Usha Sharma ◽

Shuchi Mitra ◽

Khem Chand Sharma

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Cellulose Derivatives ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Ancient Medicine ◽

Thermosensitive Gel ◽

Vaginal Gel ◽

Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Poly Ethylene

Rasashastra & Bhaisajya Kalpana is the prime branch of Ayurveda because of the preparation of medicine described in this branch. In ancient times pharmacokinetics of the drug was described in the principle of Dosha and Dushya which is a comprehensive matter for Ayurvedic professionals. But for global acceptance, we need to describe this view (pharmacokinetics) in the form of pharmacological language and convert this ancient medicine in the form of new dosage forms like gel, granules, syrup etc. Panchavalkal Kashaya was described for the treatment of women disease wounds and ulcers in different Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita, Sharangdhara Samhita, Kashyapa Samhita, Bharat Bhaisajya Ratnakar, Bhava-Prakash. In this article, an attempt has been made to describe how to prepare the thermo-sensitive vaginal gel form, of Panchavalkal Kashaya extract for the use of women diseases like leucorrhoea. The thermosensitive gel is in the liquid form at room temperature (20- 25°C) and undergoes gelation when in contact with body fluid (35-37°C). There are many thermo-sensitive polymers like cellulose derivatives, poloxamer, poly (ethylene oxide) /poly (D, L- lactic acid-glycolic acid). Keywords: Ayurveda, Panchvalkal Kashaya, Thermo-sensitive gel, Charaka Samhita.

Download Full-text

Ayurveda and the medical knowledge in ancient India: Shadows and realities

Indian Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.20529/ijme.2021.085 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 01-08

Author(s):

CD Sebastian

Keyword(s):

Medical Knowledge ◽

Point Of View ◽

Ancient India ◽

Religious Background ◽

Place Of Origin ◽

Ancient Times ◽

The Given

Ayurveda is the Indian system of professional medicine that has come down to us from ancient times. In this paper, I look at the system from a researcher’s point of view, critically examining the given or perceived view on Ayurveda in recent times. In this sense, it might look like a contrarian view or counter position to the narrative that one sees around with regard to its origin, place of origin, date, non/religious background, etc. The paper deals with Ayurveda as an independent tradition of medicine sans ascription to any religion, the possible influences of other systems on Ayurveda, and the three great luminaries of the system, namely, Caraka, Susruta, and Vagbhata.

Download Full-text

Beneficial effects of r-h-CLU on disease severity in different animal models of peripheral neuropathies

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.07.014 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 190 (1-2) ◽

pp. 8-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. Dati ◽

A. Quattrini ◽

L. Bernasconi ◽

M.C. Malaguti ◽

B. Antonsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Peripheral Neuropathies ◽

Beneficial Effects

Download Full-text

Oxygenator Is the Main Responsible for Leukocyte Activation in Experimental Model of Extracorporeal Circulation: A Cautionary Tale

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/484979 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alessio Rungatscher ◽

Maddalena Tessari ◽

Chiara Stranieri ◽

Erika Solani ◽

Daniele Linardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Extracorporeal Circulation ◽

Small Animal ◽

Leukocyte Activation ◽

Cautionary Tale ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Inflammatory Activation ◽

Small Animal Models

In order to assess mechanisms underlying inflammatory activation during extracorporeal circulation (ECC), several small animal models of ECC have been proposed recently. The majority of them are based on home-made, nonstandardized, and hardly reproducible oxygenators. The present study has generated fundamental information on the role of oxygenator of ECC in activating inflammatory signaling pathways on leukocytes, leading to systemic inflammatory response, and organ dysfunction. The present results suggest that experimental animal models of ECC used in translational research on inflammatory response should be based on standardized, reproducible oxygenators with clinical characteristics.

Download Full-text