scholarly journals Fabrication of Graphene-Reinforced Nanocomposites with Improved Fracture Toughness in Net Shape for Complex 3D Structures via Digital Light Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuying Feng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Chenxing Xin ◽  
Danna Tang ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Neat Resin ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Complex Skill ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite ◽  
The Cost

A solvent-free method to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposites in net shape via digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing has been developed in this work. The effect of graphene nanofillers on resin viscosity and wettability for various printing parameters has been examined, with a systematic characterization of the mechanical and thermomechanical properties. With the addition of 0.5 wt.% graphene nanoplatelets in the resin, the flexural modulus and fracture toughness have been improved by 14% and 28% from neat resin, respectively. Thermomechanical properties of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites were also enhanced compared with the neat resin, without scarification in their printability. The feasibility of utilizing the DLP method to fabricate a fracture toughness specimen (KIC test) without complex skill-dependent notch preparation steps was explored, with different notch tip angles printed for net-shaped specimens. This provided a simple and versatile way to perform a quick examination of reinforcing efficiency from nanofillers at very low cost with high resolution and reproducibility. To demonstrate the suitability of current resins for complexly shaped structures, a gyroid scaffold for tissue engineering applications based on current graphene nanocomposite resins has been successfully fabricated via DLP, showing the great potential of current photocurable resins for applications in various fields such as tissue engineering or personalized medical devices without the cost barriers of traditional methods.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Multi-Functional Hydrogel Microneedles Based on High-Precision Digital Light Processing

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yao ◽  
Didi Li ◽  
Yuliang Zhao ◽  
Zhikun Zhan ◽  
Guoqing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Drug Detection ◽  
The Cost

Traditional injection and extraction devices often appear painful and cumbersome for patients. In recent years, polymer microneedles (MNs) have become a novel tool in the field of clinical medicine and health. However, the cost of building MNs into any shapes still remains a challenge. In this paper, we proposed hydrogel microneedles fabricated by high-precision digital light processing (H-P DLP) 3D printing system. Benefits from the sharp protuberance and micro-porous of the hydrogel microneedle, the microneedle performed multifunctional tasks such as drug delivery and detection with minimally invasion. Critical parameters for the fabrication process were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of MNs were measured to find a balance between precision and stiffness. Results shows that the stiffness and precision were significantly influenced by exposure time of each layer, and optimized printing parameters provided a balance between precision and stiffness. Bio-compatible MNs based on our H-P DLP system was able to execute drug injection and drug detection in our experiments. This work provided a low-cost and fast method to build MNs with 3D building, qualified the mechanical performance, drug injection, drug detection ability of MNs, and may be helpful for the potential clinical application.

scholarly journals A Versatile Open-Source Printhead for Low-Cost 3D Microextrusion-Based Bioprinting

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Andres Sanz-Garcia ◽  
Enrique Sodupe-Ortega ◽  
Alpha Pernía-Espinoza ◽  
Tatsuya Shimizu ◽  
Carmen Escobedo-Lucea
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Units

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting promises to be essential in tissue engineering for solving the rising demand for organs and tissues. Some bioprinters are commercially available, but their impact on the field of Tissue engineering (TE) is still limited due to their cost or difficulty to tune. Herein, we present a low-cost easy-to-build printhead for microextrusion-based bioprinting (MEBB) that can be installed in many desktop 3D printers to transform them into 3D bioprinters. We can extrude bioinks with precise control of print temperature between 2–60 °C. We validated the versatility of the printhead, by assembling it in three low-cost open-source desktop 3D printers. Multiple units of the printhead can also be easily put together in a single printer carriage for building a multi-material 3D bioprinter. Print resolution was evaluated by creating representative calibration models at different temperatures using natural hydrogels such as gelatin and alginate, and synthetic ones like poloxamer. Using one of the three modified low-cost 3D printers, we successfully printed cell-laden lattice constructs with cell viabilities higher than 90% after 24-h post printing. Controlling temperature and pressure according to the rheological properties of the bioinks was essential in achieving optimal printability and great cell viability. The cost per unit of our device, which can be used with syringes of different volume, is less expensive than any other commercially available product. These data demonstrate an affordable open-source printhead with the potential to become a reliable alternative to commercial bioprinters for any laboratory.

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

AISI 1030

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Plain Carbon Steel ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract AISI 1030 is a plain carbon steel containing nominally 0.30% carbon. It is used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered or water-quenched-and-tempered conditions for general-purpose engineering and construction. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. Among its many uses are axles, bolts, gears and building sections. All data are on a single heat of fine-grain steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-94. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1040

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract AISI 1040 is a medium-carbon steel used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil quenched and tempered or water quenched and tempered condition for general purpose engineering and construction. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-41. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

SAE 1037

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAE 1037 is a carbon steel that provides medium strength and medium toughness at low cost. It is used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered and water-quenched-and-tempered conditions. This medium-carbon steel is used for construction and for general-purpose engineering. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-76. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

SAE 1039

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAF 1039 steel can be used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. Its manganese content is a little higher than some of the other standard carbon steels with comparable carbon levels; this gives it slightly higher hardenability and hardness. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-66. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

DURACORR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Steel Company

Abstract Duracorr is low-cost, utilitarian 11% Cr stainless steel with more corrosion resistance and life-cycle cost advantages than weathering steels. The steel may be used where a combination of abrasion and corrosion resistance is required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: SS-680. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

scholarly journals Advanced mycelium materials as potential self-growing biomedical scaffolds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Antinori ◽  
Marco Contardi ◽  
Giulia Suarato ◽  
Andrea Armirotti ◽  
Rosalia Bertorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.

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