scholarly journals Decoding the Role of CD271 in Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2460
Author(s):  
Anna Vidal ◽  
Torben Redmer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Phenotype Switching ◽  
Isoform B

The evolution of melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, is triggered by driver mutations that are acquired in the coding regions of particularly BRAF (rat fibrosarcoma serine/threonine kinase, isoform B) or NRAS (neuroblastoma-type ras sarcoma virus) in melanocytes. Although driver mutations strongly determine tumor progression, additional factors are likely required and prerequisite for melanoma formation. Melanocytes are formed during vertebrate development in a well-controlled differentiation process of multipotent neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). However, mechanisms determining the properties of melanocytes and melanoma cells are still not well understood. The nerve growth factor receptor CD271 is likewise expressed in melanocytes, melanoma cells and NCSCs and programs the maintenance of a stem-like and migratory phenotype via a comprehensive network of associated genes. Moreover, CD271 regulates phenotype switching, a process that enables the rapid and reversible conversion of proliferative into invasive or non-stem-like states into stem-like states by yet largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we summarize current findings about CD271-associated mechanisms in melanoma cells and illustrate the role of CD271 for melanoma cell migration and metastasis, phenotype-switching, resistance to therapeutic interventions, and the maintenance of an NCSC-like state.

Role of New Chemotherapy Agents in Soft Tissue Sarcoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Margaret von Mehren
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cell Cycle Activation ◽  
Metastatic Gist ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

Medical management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) has been restricted by the limited availability of active drugs. A plethora of new oncologic agents are now available, many of which have specific therapeutic targets. Gemcitabine and docetaxel is a combination of drugs that have limited single-agent activity. Yondelis, a novel chemotherapeutic that binds DNA and functions partially by inhibiting transcription, is being tested alone and in combination with doxorubicin. Inhibitors of mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell cycle activation and cell growth, are also being tested. Growth factor receptor inhibitors are being evaluated in a variety of sarcomas that have been found to express the targets. In addition, a variety of agents are being assessed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Single agents and agents combined with imatinib are being tested in imatinib-refractory and in metastatic GIST. The increased use of targeted agents underscores the need for understanding sarcoma biology.

Abstract C03: Role of human endogenous retrovirus-K in phenotype-switching of metastatic melanoma cells during microenvironment alterations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayele Argaw-Denboba ◽  
Emanuela Balestrieri ◽  
Annalucia Serafino ◽  
Ilaria Bucci ◽  
Chiara Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Phenotype Switching

Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutated Lung Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-791
Author(s):  
Dhaval Sanchala ◽  
Lokesh K. Bhatt ◽  
Kedar S. Prabhavalkar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Egfr Mutant

Lung cancer surfaces to be the predominant determinant of mortality worldwide constituting 13% and 19% of all new cancer cases and deaths related to cancer respectively. Molecular profiling has now become a regular trend in lung cancer to identify the driver mutations. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is the most regular driver mutation encountered in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Targeted therapies are now available for the treatment of EGFR mutant NSCLC. EGFR mutation is more frequently expressed in adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma. This article presents a detailed molecular insight of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. The article delineates molecular mechanism of the drugs that are approved, the drugs that are in clinical trial and the drugs that have not entered a clinical trial but shows promising future in the treatment of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Furthermore, this article provides concise information on relevant combinational or monotherapy clinical trials that have been completed for various approaches.

Cholesterol and its Ayurvedic Complement – Depicting its role in Pathogenesis as well as Management of Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kajaria
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Lipid Balance ◽  
Vast Area

Role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is the emergent are of research with full of potential; it not only open a vast area of therapeutic interventions but also can change the prevailing treatment modality. Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine materialize the concept of lipocenteric approach for the management of diabetes even thousands of years back. According to Ayurveda, the natural properties of lipid are deranged that causes diabetes. It may prove beneficial to quest the search of herbal remedies that can harmonize the lipid balance and uproot the pathogenesis. In the presenting review article, role of cholesterol in the pathogenesis of diabetes is discussed along with detailed description of Ayurvedic concepts regarding pathogenesis and a brief description of herbal management.

Role of the mitogenic property and kinase activity of p60src in tumor formation by Rous sarcoma virus.

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Poirier ◽  
P Jullien ◽  
P Dezelee ◽  
G Dambrine ◽  
E Esnault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rous Sarcoma Virus ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Rous Sarcoma ◽  
Sarcoma Virus

The Role of Resilience in Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 428-442
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Szymanski ◽  
Kirsten A. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Mental Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Structural Levels

Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons are able to persevere and flourish despite pervasive social stigma and minority stress based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. This chapter reviews the research on LGBTQ resilience that can occur at individual, interpersonal/family, community, and contextual/structural levels. The authors describe qualitative research that has examined pathways to resilience and positive LGBTQ identity. The authors also review quantitative research on LGBTQ resilience via mediator, moderator, and moderated mediation models. Variables are described that have been found to explain or buffer the links between external and internalized minority stressors and mental health outcomes. The authors review the small but growing body of research that has begun to examine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions aimed at promoting LGBTQ resilience. Limitations are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.

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