scholarly journals Extracellular Matrices and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3466
Author(s):  
Ismahane Belhabib ◽  
Sonia Zaghdoudi ◽  
Claire Lac ◽  
Corinne Bousquet ◽  
Christine Jean
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Neoplastic Cell ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Metastatic Niche ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Solid cancer progression is dictated by neoplastic cell features and pro-tumoral crosstalks with their microenvironment. Stroma modifications, such as fibroblast activation into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, are now recognized as critical events for cancer progression and as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. The recent appreciation of the key, complex and multiple roles of the ECM in cancer and of the CAF diversity, has revolutionized the field and raised innovative but challenging questions. Here, we rapidly present CAF heterogeneity in link with their specific ECM remodeling features observed in cancer, before developing each of the impacts of such ECM modifications on tumor progression (survival, angiogenesis, pre-metastatic niche, chemoresistance, etc.), and on patient prognosis. Finally, based on preclinical studies and recent results obtained from clinical trials, we highlight key mechanisms or proteins that are, or may be, used as potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets, and we report and discuss benefits, disappointments, or even failures, of recently reported stroma-targeting strategies.

scholarly journals Determinants and Functions of CAFs Secretome During Cancer Progression and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenniffer Linares ◽  
Juan A. Marín-Jiménez ◽  
Jordi Badia-Ramentol ◽  
Alexandre Calon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Druggable Targets ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Multiple lines of evidence are indicating that cancer development and malignant progression are not exclusively epithelial cancer cell-autonomous processes but may also depend on crosstalk with the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundantly represented in the TME and are continuously interacting with cancer cells. CAFs are regulating key mechanisms during progression to metastasis and response to treatment by enhancing cancer cells survival and aggressiveness. The latest advances in CAFs biology are pointing to CAFs-secreted factors as druggable targets and companion tools for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Especially, extensive research conducted in the recent years has underscored the potential of several cytokines as actionable biomarkers that are currently evaluated in the clinical setting. In this review, we explore the current understanding of CAFs secretome determinants and functions to discuss their clinical implication in oncology.

scholarly journals Cancer Associated Fibroblasts: Naughty Neighbors That Drive Ovarian Cancer Progression

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanyam Dasari ◽  
Yiming Fang ◽  
Anirban K. Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and patient prognosis has not improved significantly over the last several decades. In order to improve therapeutic approaches and patient outcomes, there is a critical need for focused research towards better understanding of the disease. Recent findings have revealed that the tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in promoting cancer progression and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and several different types of normal cells recruited and reprogrammed by the cancer cells to produce factors beneficial to tumor growth and spread. These normal cells present within the tumor, along with the various extracellular matrix proteins and secreted factors, constitute the tumor stroma and can compose 10–60% of the tumor volume. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, and play a critical role in promoting many aspects of tumor function. This review will describe the various hypotheses about the origin of CAFs, their major functions in the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer, and will discuss the potential of targeting CAFs as a possible therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Mitochondria at Center of Exchanges between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts during Tumor Progression

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Lisa Nocquet ◽  
Philippe P. Juin ◽  
Frédérique Souazé
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Mutational Status

Resistance of solid cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies is not only due to the mutational status of cancer cells but also to the concurring of stromal cells of the tumor ecosystem, such as immune cells, vasculature and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The reciprocal education of cancer cells and CAFs favors tumor growth, survival and invasion. Mitochondrial function control, including the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptotic stress are crucial for these different tumor progression steps. In this review, we focus on how CAFs participate in cancer progression by modulating cancer cells metabolic functions and mitochondrial apoptosis. We emphasize that mitochondria from CAFs influence their activation status and pro-tumoral effects. We thus advocate that understanding mitochondria-mediated tumor–stroma interactions provides the possibility to consider cancer therapies that improve current treatments by targeting these interactions or mitochondria directly in tumor and/or stromal cells.

Epigenetic Modifiers and Their Potential Application in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Sapnita Shinde ◽  
Saurabh Saxena ◽  
Vineeta Dixit ◽  
Atul K. Tiwari ◽  
Naveen K. Vishvakarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Steroid Receptors as Molecular Targets for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Mishra ◽  
Arvind Gulbake ◽  
Aviral Jain ◽  
Piush Khare ◽  
Vandana Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

TAp73 opposes tumor angiogenesis by promoting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α degradation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Patient Prognosis

Tumor hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activationare associated with cancer progression. Here, we demonstrate thatthe transcription factor TAp73 opposes HIF-1 activity through anontranscriptional mechanism, thus affecting tumor angiogenesis.TAp73-deficient mice have an increased incidence of spontaneousand chemically induced tumors that also display enhanced vascularization.Mechanistically, TAp73 interacts with the regulatory subunit(α) of HIF-1 and recruits mouse double minute 2 homolog intothe protein complex, thus promoting HIF-1α polyubiquitination andconsequent proteasomal degradation in an oxygen-independentmanner. In human lung cancer datasets, TAp73 strongly predictsgood patient prognosis, and its expression is associated with lowHIF-1 activation and angiogenesis. Our findings, supported by invivo and clinical evidence, demonstrate a mechanism for oxygenindependentHIF-1 regulation, which has important implicationsfor individualizing therapies in patients with cancer.

Applications in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1451-1458
Author(s):  
Shu-Na LIU ◽  
Yun-Qiu TU ◽  
Wen LI ◽  
Ping WU ◽  
Hui ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Strategies for Conjugation of Biomolecules to Nanoparticles as Tumor Targeting Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 3917-3926
Author(s):  
Sajjad Molavipordanjani ◽  
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy

Combination of nanotechnology, biochemistry, chemistry and biotechnology provides the opportunity to design unique nanoparticles for tumor targeting, drug delivery, medical imaging and biosensing. Nanoparticles conjugated with biomolecules such as antibodies, peptides, vitamins and aptamer can resolve current challenges including low accumulation, internalization and retention at the target site in cancer diagnosis and therapy through active targeting. In this review, we focus on different strategies for conjugation of biomolecules to nanoparticles such as inorganic nanoparticles (iron oxide, gold, silica and carbon nanoparticles), liposomes, lipid and polymeric nanoparticles and their application in tumor targeting.

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