An insight into an electro-catalytic reactor concept for high value-added production from crude glycerol: Optimization, electrode passivation, product distribution, and reaction pathway identification

AbstractThe selective hydrogenation of CO2 to value-added chemicals is attractive but still challenged by the high-performance catalyst. In this work, we report that gallium nitride (GaN) catalyzes the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to dimethyl ether (DME) with a CO-free selectivity of about 80%. The activity of GaN for the hydrogenation of CO2 is much higher than that for the hydrogenation of CO although the product distribution is very similar. The steady-state and transient experimental results, spectroscopic studies, and density functional theory calculations rigorously reveal that DME is produced as the primary product via the methyl and formate intermediates, which are formed over different planes of GaN with similar activation energies. This essentially differs from the traditional DME synthesis via the methanol intermediate over a hybrid catalyst. The present work offers a different catalyst capable of the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to DME and thus enriches the chemistry for CO2 transformations.

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Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Devendra P. Tekale ◽

Ganapati D. Yadav ◽

Ajay K. Dalai

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Benzyl Alcohol ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Value Added ◽

Solvent Free ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Glycerol Ether ◽

Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

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An insight into the bioelectrochemical photoreduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals

iScience ◽

10.1016/j.isci.2021.102294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 102294

Author(s):

Priyanka Gupta ◽

Mohammad Tabish Noori ◽

Abraham Esteve Núñez ◽

Nishith Verma

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Insight Into

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Catalytic Hydrogenation, Hydrodeoxygenation, and Hydrocracking Processes of a Lignin Monomer Model Compound Eugenol over Magnetic Ru/C–Fe2O3 and Mechanistic Reaction Microkinetics

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8100425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 425 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ana Bjelić ◽

Miha Grilc ◽

Sašo Gyergyek ◽

Andraž Kocjan ◽

Darko Makovec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Compound ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Low Cost ◽

Value Added ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

Annealing Temperatures ◽

Microkinetic Model ◽

Highly Active ◽

Commercial Carbon

Conversion of waste lignocellulosic (LC) biomass, a widely-available low-cost feedstock, into value-added biobased chemicals (and biofuels) has been gaining much attention recently. Therefore, the present lignin valorisation study was aimed at developing magnetically-separable highly-active catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), also proposing surface chemical kinetics. Five carbonaceous substrate-deposited Ru were synthesised and tested for the HDO of monomer moiety eugenol. Their annealing temperatures differed, specifically between 300 and 750 °C, while one was not subjected to calcination. Experiments revealed the substantial influence of annealing temperature on the product distribution. Namely, fresh nonannealed nanocomposites were not active for hydrogenolysis. By further pretreatment increase, hydrogenation and, exclusively, the deoxygenation of saturated cyclic species, were enhanced, these being more promoted considering rates and yields than commercial carbon-supported ruthenium. Over 80 mol% of 4-propyl-cylohexanol and propyl-cyclohexane could be formed over the samples, treated at 500 and 600 °C, for 100 and 125 min, respectively, under 275 °C and 5 MPa of reactor hydrogen pressure. Interestingly, a notable 4-propyl-phenol amount was produced upon 750 °C pretreating. The intrinsic microkinetic model, developed previously, was applied to determine relevant turnover parameters. Calculated modelling results indicated a 47- and 10-fold greater demethoxylation and dehydroxylation mechanism ability upon the reheatingpreheating at 600 °C in comparison to industrial (heterogeneous) Ru/C.

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Exchange-traded products in Germany: development and substitution of exchange-traded funds, exchange-traded commodities and exchange-traded notes

Equilibrium ◽

10.24136/eq.2018.031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 643-665

Author(s):

Adam Marszk

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Stock Exchanges ◽

Exchange Traded Funds ◽

Investment Funds ◽

Market Shares ◽

Time Period ◽

Fast Development ◽

Exchange Traded Notes ◽

Insight Into ◽

Total Market

Research background: Exchange-traded products (ETPs) are one of the most rapidly growing categories of financial products. Their fast development has been boosted by innovative features. Three main categories of ETPs are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), exchange-traded commodities (ETCs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs). ETCs and ETNs remain least known, even though their number on some stock exchanges is high. In Europe, Germany is one of the largest and most active ETPs markets. ETCs and ETNs are debt instruments, in contrast with the most popular ETFs, which are equity securities. Therefore, they offer investors different advantages, but also expose them to other types of risks. Purpose of the article: The key aim of the article is to present the features of ETPs and to provide in-depth insight into the issues linked with the development of ETPs market in Germany, with the special emphasis on the ETCs and ETNs. Methods: In the main empirical part of the article, German ETPs market is analyzed using descriptive statistics and technological substitution framework (employed for the analysis of innovations in order to evaluate the changing market shares of, first, ETFs versus ETCs and ETNs, as well as, second, ETFs versus other types of investment funds). The period of the analysis is 2010–2016 in the former case and 2007–2016 in the latter. Findings & Value added: Share of ETPs other than ETFs in the total market in Germany remains low. Even though the market position of the leading products, i.e. ETFs, is still very strong, some substitution has been observed, especially after 2015. Predictions indicate that this trend will continue in the upcoming years. The results of the analysis of the investment funds’ market confirm the substitution between ETFs and traditional investment funds over 2007–2017, in particular in the first years of this time period.

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An Insight Into the Value Added Tax System Detailing Its Origins, Impact, Provisions and Regulations With Reference to India

Ushus - Journal of Business Management ◽

10.12725/ujbm.4.2 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 19-29

Author(s):

Tomy Kallarackal

Keyword(s):

European Economic Community ◽

Value Added ◽

Tax Credit ◽

Value Added Tax ◽

Excise Duty ◽

Goods And Services ◽

The World ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

Insight Into

The Value Added Tax was first introduced in France in 1954. It was the resultant effort of France and members of the European Economic Community (E.E.C) during the 1950s aimed at the simplification of commodity taxes. Currently more than 130 nations in the world have adopted the VAT system. In the last decade alone over 50 nations have introduced VAT. This includes implementation in China and most recently the addition of Australia to the list of VAT nations. The world over, VAT is payable on both goods and services as they constitute a part of the national GDR Excise duty and sales taxes are merged into the singularity of VAT. No tax is levied on exports with full input tax credit made available. The scheme of taxation adopted by most nations is very simple. The seller of goods and the service provider charge tax on sales, avail input tax credit and pay the difference as VAT to the goVernment treasury. The compliance system in VAT nations is also very simple. There is very less interface between the tax collector and the tax payer. However there are provisions for heavy penalization of VAT defaulters. VAT is administered nationally and is also levied on imports.

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Developing Equipment Manufacturing Industry Based on Service-Oriented Manufacturing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.2340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 655-657 ◽

pp. 2340-2343

Author(s):

Li Xi Yang ◽

Xu Fang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Value Added ◽

Present Situation ◽

Advanced Manufacturing ◽

Aggregation Mechanism ◽

Equipment Manufacturing ◽

Equipment Manufacturing Industry ◽

Service Oriented ◽

Manufacturing Mode ◽

Insight Into

Service-oriented manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing mode focused on integrating service with manufacturing. The remarkable importance is known to be strongly associated with the development of service-oriented economy in the period in which China transfers the traditional equipment manufacturing industry to the service-oriented manufacturing. We take a close insight into basic theories of service-oriented manufacturing, and then we analyze the characteristics, profiles, as well as the present situation of the equipment manufacturing. Finally, we propose some countermeasures for transferring the equipment manufacturing to the service-oriented manufacturing from the views of the aggregation mechanism, the network of innovative mechanism and manufacturing value-added chain.

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The Impact of AI on Disintermediation Processes in the Tourism Industry

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services - Handbook of Research on Applied AI for International Business and Marketing Applications ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5077-9.ch006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 96-115

Author(s):

Jovanka Damoska Sekuloska ◽

Aleksandar Erceg

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Digital Tool ◽

Creation Process ◽

Customer Services ◽

The Impact ◽

Value Creation Process ◽

Insight Into ◽

Smart Tourism

As an innovative technology, artificial intelligence (AI) leads to disruption and automation of almost every process and business model in almost any industry today. AI contributes to the process of disintermediation of value chains resulting in shrinking the producer-customer links. The chapter examines the influence of AI on disintermediation in the tourism industry. It investigates the changes and transformation of the value creation process and marketing in the tourism industry affected by AI technology. AI could transform and revolutionize every segment of the tourism industry. Thus, it can make tourism more efficient, with new value-added customer services. AI is considered an enabling tool for the creation of the so-called “smart tourism” as a new age of tourism development. As a digital tool, AI enables the tourism industry to get insight into the customer, understand tourist profiles and provide consumers with personalized and niche travel experiences.

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Platinum–copper single atom alloy catalysts with high performance towards glycerol hydrogenolysis

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-13685-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Xi Zhang ◽

Guoqing Cui ◽

Haisong Feng ◽

Lifang Chen ◽

Hui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Active Sites ◽

High Performance ◽

Reaction Pathway ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Value Added ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Single Atom ◽

Glycerol Hydrogenolysis ◽

Single Atom Alloy

AbstractSelective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol to propanediol is an important reaction to produce high value-added chemicals but remains a big challenge. Herein we report a PtCu single atom alloy (SAA) catalyst with single Pt atom dispersed on Cu nanoclusters, which exhibits dramatically boosted catalytic performance (yield: 98.8%) towards glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol. Remarkably, the turnover frequency reaches up to 2.6 × 103 molglycerol·molPtCu–SAA−1·h−1, which is to our knowledge the largest value among reported heterogeneous metal catalysts. Both in situ experimental studies and theoretical calculations verify interface sites of PtCu–SAA serve as intrinsic active sites, in which the single Pt atom facilitates the breakage of central C–H bond whilst the terminal C–O bond undergoes dissociation adsorption on adjacent Cu atom. This interfacial synergistic catalysis based on PtCu–SAA changes the reaction pathway with a decreased activation energy, which can be extended to other noble metal alloy systems.

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