scholarly journals Progressive Domain Segregation in Early Embryonic Development and Underlying Correlation to Genetic and Epigenetic Changes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521
Author(s):  
Hui Quan ◽  
Hao Tian ◽  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Yue Xue ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Sequence Dependence ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Genome Activation

Chromatin undergoes drastic structural organization and epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development. We present here a consistent view of the chromatin structural change, epigenetic reprogramming, and the corresponding sequence-dependence in both mouse and human embryo development. The two types of domains, identified earlier as forests (CGI-rich domains) and prairies (CGI-poor domains) based on the uneven distribution of CGI in the genome, become spatially segregated during embryonic development, with the exception of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and implantation, at which point significant domain mixing occurs. Structural segregation largely coincides with DNA methylation and gene expression changes. Genes located in mixed prairie domains show proliferation and ectoderm differentiation-related function in ZGA and implantation, respectively. The chromatin of the ectoderm shows the weakest and the endoderm the strongest domain segregation in germ layers. This chromatin structure difference between different germ layers generally enlarges upon further differentiation. The systematic chromatin structure establishment and its sequence-based segregation strongly suggest the DNA sequence as a possible driving force for the establishment of chromatin 3D structures that profoundly affect the expression profile. Other possible factors correlated with or influencing chromatin structures, including transcription, the germ layers, and the cell cycle, are discussed for an understanding of concerted chromatin structure and epigenetic changes in development.

scholarly journals Progressive domain segregation in early embryonic development and underlying correlation to genetic and epigenetic changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Quan ◽  
Hao Tian ◽  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Yue Xue ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Sequence Dependence ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
Mixed Prairie ◽  
Genome Activation

AbstractChromatin undergoes drastic structural organization and epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development. We present here a consistent view of the chromatin structural change, epigenetic reprogramming and the corresponding sequence dependence in both mouse and human embryo development. The two types of domains, identified earlier as forests and prairies, become spatially segregated during embryonic development, with the exception of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and implantation, at which notable domain mixing occurs. Structural segregation largely coincides with DNA methylation and gene expression changes. Genes located in mixed prairie domains show proliferation and ectoderm differentiation-related function in ZGA and implantation, respectively. Chromatin of ectoderm shows the weakest and endoderm the strongest domain segregation in germ layers. This chromatin structure difference between different germ layers generally enlarges in further differentiation. The systematic chromatin structure establishment and its sequence-based segregation strongly suggest DNA sequence as a possible driving force for the establishment of chromatin 3D structures which affect profoundly the expression profile. Other possible factors correlated with/influencing chromatin structures, including temperature, germ layers, and cell cycle, are discussed for an understanding of concerted chromatin structure and epigenetic changes in development.

scholarly journals Phase separation during mouse early embryonic development and underlying genetic and epigenetic correlations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Quan ◽  
Sirui Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Yi Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Sequence Dependence ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Functional Realization ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Specific Phase

ABSTRACTChromatin undergoes drastic organization and epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development in mammals. However, the relationship among global structural change, epigenetic reprogramming, and functional implementation is largely unknown. Based on the analysis of latest published Hi-C data of post-implantation stages, we present a consistent view of the chromatin structural change and the corresponding sequence dependence. Two types of sequentially, genetically and transcriptionally distinct domains, forests and prairies, show systematic and overall increase of spatial segregation during embryonic development, but with notable mixing occurring at two stages, ZGA and implantation. The segregation level change largely coincides with the change of genetic and epigenetic properties. Detailed gene functions in specific phase-changing domains during implantation were analyzed, based on which a possible mechanism of functional realization during implantation was proposed. Interestingly, body temperature changes coincide with the change in chromatin segregation, implying that temperature is a possible factor influencing global chromatin structure.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in sperm affects the epigenetic reprogramming in early embryonic development

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wyck ◽  
Carolina Herrera ◽  
Cristina E. Requena ◽  
Lilli Bittner ◽  
Petra Hajkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Early Embryonic Development

Expression of Abdominal-B homeoproteins in Drosophila embryos

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Delorenzi ◽  
M. Bienz
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Separable Functions ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

The Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene determines development of the posteriormost segments in Drosophila. Genetic and molecular analysis suggested that it consists of two genetically separable functions that are conferred by two related homeoproteins termed m and r. We have raised an antiserum against Abd-B protein to describe the patterns of Abd-B protein expression during embryonic development. The pattern of r protein expression, as deduced by analysis of Abd-B mutants, is restricted to ps14 and 15 in all germ layers and observes a parasegmental boundary at its anterior margin of expression. In contrast, the pattern of m protein expression is unusual as its level in the ectoderm increases from ps10 to ps13 in parasegmental steps. Its anterior margin of expression is highly dynamic shifting anteriorly across more than 3 parasegments during midembryonic development. Evidently, the control mechanisms of m and r protein expression are considerably different. Moreover, an antibody-positive Abd-B mutant suggests that these differ, in the case of m protein expression, to some extent in individual germ layers.

Dynamics of paternal contributions to early embryo development in large animals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford W Daigneault
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Early Embryo Development ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Large Animals

Abstract This review focuses on current knowledge of paternal contributions to preimplantation embryonic development with particular emphasis on large animals. Specifically, the included content aims to summarize genomic and epigenomic contributions of paternally expressed genes, their regulation, and chromatin structure that are indispensable for early embryo development. The accumulation of current knowledge will summarize conserved allelic function among species to include functional molecular and genomic studies across large domestic animals in context with reference to founding experimental models.

Mechanics of Embryonic Head Fold Morphogenesis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor D. Varner ◽  
Dmitry A. Voronov ◽  
Larry A. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Anterior Extent ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Embryonic Head

Head fold morphogenesis constitutes the first discernible epithelial folding event in the embryonic development of the chick. It arises at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 6 (approximately 24 hours into a 21-day incubation period) and establishes the anterior extent of the embryo [1]. At this stage, the embryonic blastoderm is composed of three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), which are organized into a flat layered sheet that overlies the fibrous vitelline membrane (VM). Within this blastodermal sheet, a crescent-shaped head fold develops just anterior to the elongating notochord, spanning across the embryonic midline at the rostral end of neural plate. At the crest of this fold, the bilateral precardiac plates fuse in a cranial to caudal direction and give rise to the primitive heart tube and foregut [2, 3]. An understanding of head fold morphogenesis may thus offer insight into how embryonic tissues are arranged to make ready for proper cardiac formation.

scholarly journals Epigenetic reprogramming of the zygote in mice and men: on your marks, get set, go!

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. R211-R222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupsha Fraser ◽  
Chih-Jen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epigenetic Reprogramming ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Preimplantation Embryo Development ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Genome Activation ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Zygotic Genome

Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis) is accompanied by the acquisition of gender-specific epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by small RNAs, to form highly differentiated, but transcriptionally silent cell-types in preparation for fertilisation. Upon fertilisation, extensive global epigenetic reprogramming takes place to remove the previously acquired epigenetic marks and produce totipotent zygotic states. It is the aim of this review to delineate the cellular and molecular events involved in maternal, paternal and zygotic epigenetic reprogramming from the time of gametogenesis, through fertilisation, to the initiation of zygotic genome activation for preimplantation embryonic development. Recent studies have begun to uncover the indispensable functions of epigenetic players during gametogenesis, fertilisation and preimplantation embryo development, and a more comprehensive understanding of these early events will be informative for increasing pregnancy success rates, adding particular value to assisted fertility programmes.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of ERV transcripts in goat embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Deng ◽  
Chengquan Han ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Beifen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Genome Activation

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can modulate the expression of nearby genes, and their expression is dynamic and stage-specific during early embryonic development in mice and humans. However, the functions and mechanisms of ERV elements in regulating embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we utilized several methods to determine the contribution of ERVs to the makeup and regulation of transcripts during embryonic genome activation (EGA). We constructed an ERV library and embryo RNA-seq library (IVF_2c and IVF_8c) of goat to serve as our research basis. The GO and KEGG analysis of nearby ERV genes revealed that some ERV elements may be associated with embryonic development. RNA-seq results were consistent with the features of EGA. To obtain the transcripts derived from the ERV sequences, we blasted the ERV sequences with embryonic transcripts and identified three lncRNAs and one mRNA that were highly expressed in IVF-8c rather than in IVF-2c (q-value <0.05). Then, we validated the expression patterns of nine ERV-related transcripts during early developmental stages and knocked down three high-expression transcripts in EGA. The knockdown of lncRNA TCONS_00460156 or mRNA HSD17B11 significantly decreased the developmental rate of IVF embryos. Our findings suggested that some transcripts from ERVs are essential for the early embryonic development of goat, and analyzing the ERV expression profile during goat EGA may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ERV in regulating embryonic development.

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