scholarly journals MHC Genomics and Disease: Looking Back to Go Forward

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawkins ◽  
Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Snp Typing ◽  
Ancestral Haplotypes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance ◽  
Looking Back

Ancestral haplotypes are conserved but extremely polymorphic kilobase sequences, which have been faithfully inherited over at least hundreds of generations in spite of migration and admixture. They carry susceptibility and resistance to diverse diseases, including deficiencies of CYP21 hydroxylase (47.1) and complement components (18.1), as well as numerous autoimmune diseases (8.1). The haplotypes are detected by segregation within ethnic groups rather than by SNPs and GWAS. Susceptibility to some other diseases is carried by specific alleles shared by multiple ancestral haplotypes, e.g., ankylosing spondylitis and narcolepsy. The difference between these two types of association may explain the disappointment with many GWAS. Here we propose a pathway for combining the two different approaches. SNP typing is most useful after the conserved ancestral haplotypes have been defined by other methods.

The Effect of COVID-19 as an Economic Shock on the Gender and Ethnic Gap in Labour Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110464
Author(s):  
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Difference

With more than 29 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the USA and 119 million cases worldwide, the pandemic has affected companies, households and the global economy. We explore the effect of the economic shock which resulted from this specific health event on labour market outcomes, and the changes in labour market disparities between ethnic groups and genders. The results provide evidence of an adverse effect of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes of all demographic groups, a widening gap between the employment prospects of minorities and whites, but no change in the earnings gaps between ethnic groups. We also do not find a deterioration of the differentials between genders, except the increase in the difference in the duration of unemployment between women and men with children. The findings have implications related to the priorities of policy decision-makers when implementing policies to combat ethnic and gender gaps in the labour market. JEL Classification: J70, J71, J01, J15, J23

Students’ satisfaction with hostel accommodations in higher education institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
Marcia M. Raphiri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Students Satisfaction

Purpose There are several types of accommodation available to students of higher education institutions, and it is the responsibility of the institutions to focus on factors that can attract and retain students to their residences. This study aims to investigate satisfaction of higher institutions students with on-campus accommodation with an emphasis on the ethnicity of the students. Design/methodology/approach Using convenience sampling method, questionnaires were administered to students of selected residences in the study area. Mean item score was used to rank identified factors, whereas mean gap and Kruskal–Wallis K-test were adopted to examine the difference in opinion of students from various ethnic groups. Findings Overall, major features that make students dissatisfied with university-owned accommodations are enforcement of rule that compels all students to move out with their belongings during each recess, the effectiveness of the lift system, the size of wardrobe and closet, laundry service in the residence, numbers of electrical sockets and window quality. Considering dwelling unit features, neighbourhood, environmental, building quality and services provided by residence management, this study reveals that there is a significant difference in the satisfaction of students of diverse ethnic groups with their accommodation. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to on-campus residences owned by higher education institutions in South Africa. However, the findings of the study can be adopted for off-campus residences, and such owned by private individuals, agencies and other bodies provided are approved by the institutions. Originality/value The findings of this study will help management of higher education institutions to improve quality of services in their residences for the satisfaction of their students. Developers, contractors and other stakeholders involved in construction of these residences will also find the findings useful in designing and construction of the facilities.

Lori Rotskoff and Laura L. Lovett, ed.When We Were Free to Be: Looking Back at a Children's Classic and the Difference it Made.

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474
Author(s):  
Bradford W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
The Difference ◽  
Looking Back

Allele and haplotype frequency distribution inPTPN22gene across variable ethnic groups: Implications for genetic association studies for autoimmune diseases

Autoimmunity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio C. Lins ◽  
Rodrigo G. Vieira ◽  
Dario Grattapaglia ◽  
Rinaldo W. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Haplotype Frequency

scholarly journals Serum Sclerostin Levels in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Shi ◽  
Haijian Ying ◽  
Juping Du ◽  
Bo Shen
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sclerostin Level

Objective. Current studies of serum sclerostin levels in AS and RA patients are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the association of serum sclerostin level with AS and RA patients. Methods. Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases (up to 25 January 2017) were used to collect all relevant published articles. Studies were pooled and standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. All data analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3. Results. Totally eight studies of AS including 420 AS patients and 317 healthy controls (HC) and three studies of RA including 145 RA patients and 127 HC were finally included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that the serum sclerostin levels in both AS patients (SMD=-0.14; 95% CI=[-0.39,0.11]; P=0.28) and RA patients (SMD=-0.10; 95% CI=[-0.34,0.15]; P=0.43) were not significantly different from those in HC. Conclusion. The difference of serum sclerostin levels in AS and RA patients was not significantly different from HC, indicating that the sclerostin may not associate with the development of AS and RA.

Irving, John

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Champion
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Personal History ◽  
The Novel ◽  
John Irving ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Popular Novel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Looking Back

A major American writer, John Irving has published many novels, several of which have been adapted for film. His most popular novel is The World According to Garp, which has become both a popular and a cult classic. He is often compared to Charles Dickens, an author he admires. His novels are often political and take liberal views, confronting issues such as abortion rights, LGBT rights, and antiwar sentiments. His characters are not shy about sex and often begin sexual encounters at a young age. Major themes and subjects in his novels include the search for the father, the search for identity, looking back at one’s life, searching for one’s personal history, the difference between memory and truth, and unconventional lifestyles. The settings of his novels vary, and sometimes his characters travel both nationally and internationally. Many of his novels have been adapted for film, and he wrote screenplays for some of them. Irving became a household name in 1978, with the publication of The World According to Garp. Irving is well known for his dark sense of humor and sometimes absurd situations in which he places his characters. Many of his protagonists are older men who look back on their childhoods or adolescents who develop into men over the course of the novel. The relationship between memory and fact is often blurred as one’s memory of events trumps the actual events. Most of Irving’s protagonists are males who do not come from traditional families.

scholarly journals Immunological features of patients affected by Barraquer-Simons syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Corvillo ◽  
Giovanni Ceccarini ◽  
Pilar Nozal ◽  
Silvia Magno ◽  
Caterina Pelosini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Partial Lipodystrophy ◽  
C3 Nephritic Factor ◽  
Autoantibody Profile ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background C3 hypocomplementemia and the presence of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF), an autoantibody causing complement system over-activation, are common features among most patients affected by Barraquer-Simons syndrome (BSS), an acquired form of partial lipodystrophy. Moreover, BSS is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between complement system dysregulation and BSS remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive immunological analysis of the complement system status, autoantibody signatures and HLA profile in BSS. Thirteen subjects with BSS were recruited for the study. The circulating levels of complement components, C3, C4, Factor B (FB) and Properdin (P), as well as an extended autoantibody profile including autoantibodies targeting complement components and regulators were assessed in serum. Additionally, HLA genotyping was carried out using DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results C3, C4 and FB levels were significantly reduced in patients with BSS as compared with healthy subjects. C3NeF was the most frequently found autoantibody (69.2% of cases), followed by anti-C3 (38.5%), and anti-P and anti-FB (30.8% each). Clinical data showed high prevalence of autoimmune diseases (38.5%), the majority of patients (61.5%) being positive for at least one of the autoantibodies tested. The HLA allele DRB1*11 was present in 54% of BSS patients, and the majority of them (31%) were positive for *11:03 (vs 1.3% allelic frequency in the general population). Conclusions Our results confirmed the association between BSS, autoimmunity and C3 hypocomplementemia. Moreover, the finding of autoantibodies targeting complement system proteins points to complement dysregulation as a central pathological event in the development of BSS.

Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes in Uveitis Associated with Autoimmune Diseases: Ankylosing Spondylitis and Behçet Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Moon ◽  
Eun-Jee Oh ◽  
Yonggoo Kim ◽  
Kyu Seop Kim ◽  
Seung-Ki Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Behcet Disease

scholarly journals The migration ofAscaris suumlarvae, and the associated pulmonary inflammatory response in susceptible C57BL/6j and resistant CBA/Ca mice

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lewis ◽  
J. M. Behnke ◽  
J. P. Cassidy ◽  
P. Stafford ◽  
N. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

SUMMARYAscariasis is an important infection in humans (Ascaris lumbricoides) and pigs (Ascaris suum) and individuals appear to be predisposed to either heavy or light worm burdens. These extremes of susceptibility and resistance are represented in a mouse model by 2 strains of mice, CBA mice showing high resistance to infection and C57BL/6 which are highly susceptible, as reflected in worm burdens in the lungs 6–7 days after infection. In an attempt to identify the point at which the difference between these 2 strains is first manifested, we quantified worm burdens at key stages during infection leading up to the pulmonary stage of development. Thus mice were inoculated with fully embryonatedA. suumeggs and larval burdens were enumerated in the large intestine and rectum, liver and lungs of the 2 strains at 6 h post-inoculation (p.i.) and on each of days 1–8 p.i. inclusively. A higher percentage of the total inoculum was recovered from the intestine/rectum of C57BL/6j mice in contrast to CBA/Ca mice at 6 h p.i. Larvae were recovered from the intestinal contents and also whilst actively migrating through the large intestinal wall. The number of larvae recovered was significantly reduced in CBA/Ca mice in contrast to C57BL/6j mice between the phase of migration from the liver and arrival in the lungs. The combined results of the inoculation of mice with corticosteroids and the examination of the change in profile and number of leukocytes present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggested that the pulmonary inflammatory immune response was not prominently involved in primary protection of mice toA. suuminfection in the latter days of infection in the lungs. The susceptible C57BL/6j mice produced a BAL response almost twice as intense as that of resistant CBA/Ca mice with stronger neutrophil, lymphocyte and eosinophil but not macrophage components, suggesting that the difference in worm burdens between the strains was generated earlier in the course of infection. These results were further corroborated by a histological examination of the lung tissues which showed that the passage of the larval stages ofA. suumthrough the mouse lungs was associated with a marked inflammatory response in both strains. Again, C57BL/6j mice exhibited increased inflammation relative to CBA/Ca mice. Hence some hepatic/post-hepatic factor that varies between the 2 strains, but exerts its effect before the lung phase plays a critical role in determining the success of larvae through the host tissues. The possible sites of this host defence are reviewed.

Conditions, Preferences and Race in Organ Donation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Scott
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Gift Giving ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

AbstractActs of gift giving or donation carry the possibility of being inclusive as well as exclusive in terms of effects and agency. In this paper, I will discuss the problem that arises when an agent stipulates certain conditions on organ donation, such as race. In such a case, the general act of donation may be commendable, but the conditions stipulated as to the nature of the recipient may be subject to criticism. This is a problematic issue in the difference between stipulating obligations to humanity as a whole, and identifying particular communities according to features such as race, culture nationality and religious belief. Questions such as whether or not a donor can place restrictions on the nature of the recipient or whether the hospital as an institution should accept a donation with conditions attached present challenges to current legislation in the UK on conditional donation. This is further complicated where there is a greater need for organs in particular ethnic groups, and that although race and ethnicity do not pose barriers to transplant success, tissue type matches are better suited to those of similar ethnic background. I will address whether such limits of a person or group's ability to be altruistic is morally acceptable and whether conditions put on gift giving can be legitimately rejected through law.

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