scholarly journals Good News for Nuclear Transgene Expression in Chlamydomonas

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schroda
Keyword(s):  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Good News ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a well-established model system for basic research questions ranging from photosynthesis and organelle biogenesis, to the biology of cilia and basal bodies, to channelrhodopsins and photoreceptors. More recently, Chlamydomonas has also been recognized as a suitable host for the production of high-value chemicals and high-value recombinant proteins. However, basic and applied research have suffered from the inefficient expression of nuclear transgenes. The combined efforts of the Chlamydomonas community over the past decades have provided insights into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and have resulted in mutant strains defective in some silencing mechanisms. Moreover, many insights have been gained into the parameters that affect nuclear transgene expression, like promoters, introns, codon usage, or terminators. Here I critically review these insights and try to integrate them into design suggestions for the construction of nuclear transgenes that are to be expressed at high levels.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Youth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Maya Massing-Schaffer ◽  
Sarah Owens ◽  
Mitchell J. Prinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is direct, intentional harm to one’s own body performed without the intent to die. NSSI has a marked developmental onset reaching peak prevalence in adolescence. NSSI is present in the context of multiple psychological disorders and stands alone as a separate phenomenon. Research has accumulated over the past several decades regarding the course of NSSI. While great advances have been made, there remains a distinct need for basic and applied research in the area of NSSI. This chapter reviews prevalence rates, correlates and risk factors, and leading theories of NSSI. Further, it reviews assessment techniques and provides recommendations. Then, it presents the latest evidence-based treatment recommendations and provides a case example. Finally, cutting edge research and the next frontier of research in this area are outlined.

Basic and Applied Research in Education: Definitions, Distinctions, and Implications

1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

The author draws on the natural and social sciences to illustrate differences and interactions between applied and basic research in education. From this discussion he concludes that there is ample justification for further financial and intellectual support of the basic research component in education, and calls for a better balance in the support of basic and applied educational research.

scholarly journals Child Witness Expressions of Certainty are Informative

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Winsor ◽  
Heather D Flowe ◽  
Travis Morgan Seale-Carlisle ◽  
Isabella Killeen ◽  
Danielle Hett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Witness Literature ◽  
Police Lineup ◽  
Accuracy Relationship

Children are frequently witnesses of crime. In the witness literature and legal systems, children are often deemed to have unreliable memories. Yet, in the basic developmental literature, young children can monitor their memory. To address these contradictory conclusions, we reanalysed the confidence-accuracy relationship in basic and applied research. Confidence provided considerable information about memory accuracy, from at least age 8, but possibly younger. We also conducted an experiment where children in young- (4–6 years), middle- (7–9 years), and late- (10–17 years) childhood (N=2,205) watched a person in a video, and then identified that person from a police lineup. Children provided a confidence rating (an explicit judgement), and used an interactive lineup—in which the lineup faces can be rotated—and we analyzed children’s viewing behavior (an implicit measure of metacognition). A strong confidence-accuracy relationship was observed from age 10, and an emerging relationship from age 7. A constant likelihood ratio signal-detection model can be used to understand these findings. Moreover, in all ages, interactive viewing behavior differed in children who made correct versus incorrect suspect identifications. Our research reconciles the apparent divide between applied and basic research findings and suggests that the fundamental architecture of metacognition that has previously been evidenced in basic list-learning paradigms also underlies performance on complex applied tasks. Contrary to what is believed by legal practitioners, but similar to what has been found in the basic literature, identifications made by children can be reliable when appropriate metacognitive measures are used to estimate accuracy.

Towards a Sociology of KOS and More Basic KO Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Philip Hider
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

It is suggested that the knowledge organization (KO) field places greater emphasis on basic research that examines the sociology of KO systems (KOS) and the broader, environmental reasons for the development of both formal and informal KOS. This approach is contrasted with applied KO, which focuses on the practical construction or improvement of specific KOS. The preponderance of applied research in the field of KO is confirmed, at least within the document-centric strand more closely aligned with library and information science, through a survey of articles in the Knowledge Organization journal published between 2009 and 2018. The survey utilized the Frascati Manual definitions for basic and applied research, and referenced Tennis’s classification of KO research (2008). There is considerable potential for building on the critical tradition of KO, with various areas ripe for further sociological investigation. A sociology of KOS could also be accommodated in the popular KO approach of domain analysis.

Aquatic Experiences for Young Children: Evaluating Risks and Benefits

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Langendorfer
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Aquatic experiences including structured instructional programs for young children have become extremely popular over the past two decades despite opposition and controversy. Surprisingly, this popularity and controversy have not given rise to extensive or sustained research efforts by exercise scientists or aquatic professionals. Most information available for assessing risks and benefits of aquatic experiences for young children must be gleaned from ancillary sources in medical and educational literature. This paper reviews important issues and questions in the medical, developmental, and pedagogical areas of early childhood aquatics. The need for basic and applied research efforts by teams of exercise scientists from physiologic, psychologic, medical, and aquatic backgrounds is apparent.

Ökonomie der Grundlagenforschung und Wissenschaftspolitik

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun C. Hoppe ◽  
Wilhelm Pfähler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Research Investments

Abstract This paper has four major objectives. The first is to emphasize the fundamental but mostly overlooked role of instrumentation and experimental technique in linking basic and applied research. The second is to provide an overview of the major economic effects of basic research investments. The third is to discuss reasons for public provision and support of basic research. And the fourth aim is to argue in favour of a reorientation of science policy towards the support of instrumentation and education in experimental laboratories.

Quantum dots: from fluorescence to chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and electrochemistry

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (36) ◽  
pp. 13364-13383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yao ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Pingfan Li ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

During the past decade, nanotechnology has become one of the major forces driving basic and applied research.

Memory, metamemory, and conditional statistics

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Bjork ◽  
Thomas D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accuracy Measure ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Conditional Statistics

AbstractKoriat & Goldsmith's distinction between encoding processes and metamnemonic decision processes is theoretically and practically important, as is their methodology for separating the two. However, their accuracy measure is a conditional statistic, subject to the unfathomable selection effects that have hindered analogous measures in the past. We also find their arguments concerning basic and applied research mostly beside the point.

scholarly journals A Postfeminist Criticism of Caryl Churchill’s Vinegar Tom and Fen

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-183
Author(s):  
Abdalla Fatah Balu ◽  
Saman Salah Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Research Questions

Abstract This study is chiefly a postfeminist criticism of two of Caryl Churchill’s plays, Vinegar Tom (1976) and Fen (1982). In its introduction part, the topic, playwright and background information of the era are identified, and postfeminism as the theory of the paper is introduced in order to discover and analyze postfeminist issues in the texts of the plays and respond to the basic research questions as follows: what are the postfeminist elements that can be found in both texts? How do women represent the postfeminist new possibilities of individuality and sexuality? What are the implications of femininity and its perception in postfeminism? Do women celebrate the opportunity of career and financial independence or they retreat to domesticity? How do women embody postfeminist issues of marriage, family and children, and what is the position of men in that embodiment? Then, both plays are analyzed respectively in their chronological order through the use of postfeminist theory. The study is significant as it assists the readers to gain a better understanding of postfeminism, identify its elements in both texts, and analyze gender relations in the texts and in the contemporary life which helps both genders, specifically women, to comprehend equality, gender roles, domestic life, individual independence, comparison between women’s circumstances in the past and in the contemporary life, their various voices, the nature of new life, their relationship and cooperation with men, and the choice between their individual promotion and their familial duties or their coexistence.

scholarly journals Back to Basics: Basic Research Spillovers, Innovation Policy, and Growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit ◽  
Douglas Hanley ◽  
Nicolas Serrano-Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Research Expenditures ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract This article introduces a general equilibrium model of endogenous technical change through basic and applied research. Basic research differs from applied research in the nature and the magnitude of the generated spillovers. We propose a novel way of empirically identifying these spillovers and embed them in a framework with private firms and a public research sector. After characterizing the equilibrium, we estimate our model using micro-level data on research expenditures by French firms. Our key finding is that uniform research subsidies can accentuate the dynamic misallocation in the economy by oversubsidizing applied research. Policies geared towards public basic research and its interaction with the private sector are significantly welfare-improving.

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