The Role of Exosomes in the Crosstalk between Adipocytes and Liver Cancer Cells

Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transport bioactive materials between cells and organs. The cargo delivered by exosomes can alter a wide range of cellular responses in recipient cells and play an important pathophysiological role in human cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), for example, adipocyte- and tumor-secreted factors contained in exosomes contribute to the creation of a chronic inflammatory state, which contributes to disease progression. The exosome-mediated crosstalk between adipocytes and liver cancer cells is a key aspect of a dynamic tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the role of increased adiposity and the role of adipocyte-derived exosomes (AdExos) and HCC-derived exosomes (HCCExos) in the modulation of HCC progression. We also discuss recent advances regarding how malignant cells interact with the surrounding adipose tissue and employ exosomes to promote a more aggressive phenotype.

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Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction during Sorafenib-induced cell death in liver cancer cells. Role of oxidative and nitrogen reactive species

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽

M. Ángeles Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

Elena Navarro-Villarán ◽

Paloma Gallego ◽

Pavla Staňková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

Nitrogen Reactive Species

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A critical role of AMPK, and Akt, mTOR and Wnt survival signals for the growth control of colon and liver cancer cells with selenium

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.lb450 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Lee Yun‐Kyoung ◽

Song Yi Park ◽

Won Sup Lee ◽

Young‐Joon Surh ◽

Young‐Min Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Critical Role ◽

Growth Control ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

Survival Signals

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Remote Actuation of Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cells via Magneto-Mechanical Modulation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers11121873 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1873 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Oleg Lunov ◽

Mariia Uzhytchak ◽

Barbora Smolková ◽

Mariia Lunova ◽

Milan Jirsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Magnetic System ◽

Short Pulse ◽

Magnetic Nanomaterials ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

Wide Range

Lysosome-activated apoptosis represents an alternative method of overcoming tumor resistance compared to traditional forms of treatment. Pulsed magnetic fields open a new avenue for controlled and targeted initiation of lysosomal permeabilization in cancer cells via mechanical actuation of magnetic nanomaterials. In this study we used a noninvasive tool; namely, a benchtop pulsed magnetic system, which enabled remote activation of apoptosis in liver cancer cells. The magnetic system we designed represents a platform that can be used in a wide range of biomedical applications. We show that liver cancer cells can be loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). SPIONs retained in lysosomal compartments can be effectively actuated with a high intensity (up to 8 T), short pulse width (~15 µs), pulsed magnetic field (PMF), resulting in lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) in cancer cells. We revealed that SPION-loaded lysosomes undergo LMP by assessing an increase in the cytosolic activity of the lysosomal cathepsin B. The extent of cell death induced by LMP correlated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in cells. LMP was achieved for estimated forces of 700 pN and higher. Furthermore, we validated our approach on a three-dimensional cellular culture model to be able to mimic in vivo conditions. Overall, our results show that PMF treatment of SPION-loaded lysosomes can be utilized as a noninvasive tool to remotely induce apoptosis.

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