scholarly journals Functionalization Strategies of PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS Films for Organic Bioelectronics Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Fenoy ◽  
Omar Azzaroni ◽  
Wolfgang Knoll ◽  
Waldemar A. Marmisollé
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Organic Bioelectronics ◽  
Biological Interfaces ◽  
Living Organisms

Organic bioelectronics involves the connection of organic semiconductors with living organisms, organs, tissues, cells, membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. In recent years, this field has received great interest due to the development of all kinds of devices architectures, enabling the detection of several relevant biomarkers, the stimulation and sensing of cells and tissues, and the recording of electrophysiological signals, among others. In this review, we discuss recent functionalization approaches for PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films with the aim of integrating biomolecules for the fabrication of bioelectronics platforms. As the choice of the strategy is determined by the conducting polymer synthesis method, initially PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films preparation methods are presented. Later, a wide variety of PEDOT functionalization approaches are discussed, together with bioconjugation techniques to develop efficient organic-biological interfaces. Finally, and by making use of these approaches, the fabrication of different platforms towards organic bioelectronics devices is reviewed.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE

1938 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Solubility Curve ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Rate Of Sedimentation ◽  
Living Organisms

1. A method for isolating a nucleoprotein from lysed staphylococci culture is described. 2. It is homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and has a sedimentation constant of 650 x 10–13 cm. dyne–1 sec.–1, corresponding to a molecular weight of about 300,000,000. 3. The diffusion coefficient varies from about 0.001 cm.2/day in solutions containing more than 0.1 mg. protein/ml. to 0.02 in solutions containing less than 0.001 mg. protein/ml. The rate of sedimentation also decreases as the concentration decreases. It is suggested, therefore, that this protein exists in various sized molecules of from 500,000–300,000,000 molecular weight, the proportion of small molecules increasing as the concentration decreases. 4. This protein is very unstable and is denatured by acidity greater than pH 5.0, by temperature over 50°C. for 5 minutes. It is digested by chymo-trypsin but not by trypsin. 5. The loss in activity by heat, acid, and chymo-trypsin digestion is roughly proportional to the amount of denatured protein formed under these conditions. 6. The rate of diffusion of the protein is the same as that of the active agent. 7. The rate of sedimentation of the protein is the same as that of the active agent. 8. The loss in activity when susceptible living or dead bacteria are added to a solution of the protein is proportional to the loss in protein from the solution. Non-susceptible bacteria remove neither protein nor activity. 9. The relative ultraviolet light absorption, as determined directly, agrees with that calculated from Gates' inactivation experiments in the range of 2500–3000 Å. u. but is somewhat greater in the range of 2000–2500 Å. u. 10. Solubility determinations showed that most of the preparations contained at least two proteins, one being probably the denatured form of the other. Two preparations were obtained, however, which had about twice the specific activity of the earlier ones and which gave a solubility curve approximating that of a pure substance. 11. It is suggested that the formation of phage may be more simply explained by analogy with the autocatalytic formation of pepsin and trypsin than by analogy with the far more complicated system of living organisms.

scholarly journals Development and Mining of a Volatile Organic Compound Database

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azian Azamimi Abdullah ◽  
Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin ◽  
Naoaki Ono ◽  
Tetsuo Sato ◽  
Tadao Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Care Field ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Compound Database ◽  
Living Organisms

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecules that exhibit high vapor pressure under ambient conditions and have low boiling points. Although VOCs contribute only a small proportion of the total metabolites produced by living organisms, they play an important role in chemical ecology specifically in the biological interactions between organisms and ecosystems. VOCs are also important in the health care field as they are presently used as a biomarker to detect various human diseases. Information on VOCs is scattered in the literature until now; however, there is still no available database describing VOCs and their biological activities. To attain this purpose, we have developed KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology Database, which contains the information on the relationships between VOCs and their emitting organisms. The KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology is also linked with the KNApSAcK Core and KNApSAcK Metabolite Activity Database to provide further information on the metabolites and their biological activities. The VOC database can be accessed online.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles of activated natural zeolite on textiles for protection and therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Grancaric ◽  
Anita Tarbuk ◽  
Ivancica Kovacek
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Agriculture Water ◽  
Protective Textiles

Activated natural zeolite clinoptilolite is microporous hydrated aluminosilicates crystals with well-defined structures containing AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedral linked through the common oxygen atoms. It is to point out that zeolites act as strong adsorbents and ion-exchangers but having many other useful properties. Due to its cationexchange ability, zeolites have catalytic properties and, for that, multiple uses in medicine and industry, agriculture, water purification and detergents. Zeolites are nontoxic substance, excellent for UVR and microbes protection, for proteins and small molecules such as glucose adsorption. In this paper its positive effect on the metabolism of living organisms and its anticancerogenic, antiviral, antimetastatic and antioxidant effect. The activity of natural zeolite as natural immunostimulator was presented as well as its help in healing wounds. Therefore, the present paper is an attempt to modify cotton (by mercerization) and polyester (by alkaline hydrolysis) fabrics for summer clothing with addition of natural zeolite nanoparticles for achieving UV and antibacterial protective textiles.

Acene-based organic semiconductors for organic light-emitting diodes and perovskite solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. 9017-9029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Duc Pham ◽  
Hongwei Hu ◽  
Fu-Lung Wong ◽  
Chun-Sing Lee ◽  
Wen-Cheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light

A series of strong electron-rich small molecules based on acenes were designed and synthesized for application in green/blue organic light-emitting diodes and perovskite solar cells.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Lutein-Based Carbon Dots Applied for Free-Radical Scavenging within Cells

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Yang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Zhimin Chang ◽  
Qian Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Problems In Living ◽  
Living Organisms

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body play an important role in various processes. It is well known that harmful high levels of ROS can cause many problems in living organisms in a variety of ways. One effective way to remove intracellular ROS is to use reducing materials that can enter the cell. Herein, we developed a strong reducing carbon nano-dot from a natural product, lutein, as an initial raw material. This is a hydrothermal synthesis method with the advantages of simplicity, high yield, mild reaction conditions, and environmental friendliness. The prepared carbon dots exhibit bright blue fluorescence, and have good water solubility and biocompatibility. In particular, the carbon dots can easily enter the cell and effectively remove ROS. Therefore, the carbon dots are thought to protect cells from oxidative damage by high levels of ROS.

Conducting Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites and Their Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1559-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Fei Fang ◽  
Hyoung Jin Choi ◽  
Jinsoo Joo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Er Fluids

This review aims at reporting on interesting and potential aspects of conducting polymer/clay nanocomposites with regard to their preparation, characteristics and engineering applications. Various conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and copolyaniline are introduced and three different preparation methods of synthesizing conducting polymer/clay nanocomposites are being emphasized. Morphological features, structure characteristics and thermal degradation behavior are explained based on SEM/TEM images, XRD pattern analyses and TGA/DSC graphs, respectively. Attentions are also being paid on conductive/magnetic performances as well as two potential applications in anti-corrosion coating and electrorheological (ER) fluids.

The Synthesis, Condensation, and Luminescence of Stilbenoid Oligomers with Alkoxysilane End Groups

2001 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Detert ◽  
E. Sugiono
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Heck Reactions ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Cross Metathesis ◽  
Fluorescent Materials ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACTA synthetic route to highly luminescent organic semiconductors with curable alkoxysilyl groups is described. Monodisperse oligo(phenylenevinylene)s are rigidly connected to di- and triethoxysilanes via Heck reactions or via cross-metathesis. Hydrolysis of the silicic esters yields silanols condensing to linear and cyclic oligo-OPV-siloxanes or to three-dimensional networks, thus allowing the transformation of small molecules to fluorescent materials with well-defined chromophores. Transparent films are obtained by casting of soluble cyclosiloxanes and from OPV-silanetriols, the latter can be cured to insoluble networks.

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