scholarly journals Temperature Variability Differs in Urban Agroecosystems across Two Metropolitan Regions

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Egerer ◽  
Brenda Lin ◽  
Dave Kendal
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Habitat Scale ◽  
Local Weather

Climatically similar regions may experience different temperature extremes and weather patterns that warrant global comparisons of local microclimates. Urban agroecosystems are interesting sites to examine the multidimensional impacts of climate changes because they rely heavily on human intervention to maintain crop production under different and changing climate conditions. Here, we used urban community gardens across the California Central Coast metropolitan region, USA, and the Melbourne metropolitan region, Australia, to investigate how habitat-scale temperatures differ across climatically similar regions, and how people may be adapting their gardening behaviors to not only regional temperatures, but also to the local weather patterns around them. We show that, while annual means are very similar, there are strong interregional differences in temperature variability likely due to differences in the scale and scope of the temperature measurements, and regional topography. However, the plants growing within these systems are largely the same. The similarities may be due to gardeners’ capacities to adapt their gardening behaviors to reduce the adverse effects of local temperature variability on the productivity of their plot. Thus, gardens can serve as sites where people build their knowledge of local weather patterns and adaptive capacity to climate change and urban heat. Climate-focused studies in urban landscapes should consider how habitat-scale temperature variability is a background for interesting and meaningful social-ecological interactions.

Exploring Subbordia – the impact of suburbanisation in cross-border metropolitan regions. The case study of Szczecin and its German hinterland

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Barthel ◽  
Ewelina Barthel
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Connected Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Narratives

Abstract This paper focuses on the largely unexamined phenomenon of the developing trans-national suburban area west of Szczecin. Sadly the local communities in this functionally connected area struggle with national planning policies that are unsuitable for the region. The paper examines the impact of those processes on the border region in general and on the localities in particular. The paper investigates the consequences for local narratives and the cohesive development of the Euroregion and what position Polish and German communities took to develop the region, even without the necessary planning support. The region has succeeded in establishing grass-roots planning mechanisms which have helped to create a metropolitan-region working from the bottom up.

Associations Between Local Weather Patterns and the Frequency of Sand Enteritis in an East Anglian Equine Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
P.C. Compston ◽  
R. Moran ◽  
E. Packer ◽  
T.R.C. Greet ◽  
C.M. Marr
Keyword(s):  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Local Weather

scholarly journals Emerging Viral Diseases of Tomato Crops

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge M. Hanssen ◽  
Moshe Lapidot ◽  
Bart P. H. J. Thomma
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Climate Conditions

Viral diseases are an important limiting factor in many crop production systems. Because antiviral products are not available, control strategies rely on genetic resistance or hygienic measures to prevent viral diseases, or on eradication of diseased crops to control such diseases. Increasing international travel and trade of plant materials enhances the risk of introducing new viruses and their vectors into production systems. In addition, changing climate conditions can contribute to a successful spread of newly introduced viruses or their vectors and establishment of these organisms in areas that were previously unfavorable. Tomato is economically the most important vegetable crop worldwide and many viruses infecting tomato have been described, while new viral diseases keep emerging. Pepino mosaic virus is a rapidly emerging virus which has established itself as one of the most important viral diseases in tomato production worldwide over recent years. Begomovirus species and other whitefly-transmitted viruses are invading into new areas, and several recently described new viruses such as Tomato torrado virus and new Tospovirus species are rapidly spreading over large geographic areas. In this article, emerging viruses of tomato crops are discussed.

scholarly journals Knowledge Hubs in the German Urban System: Identifying Hubs by Combining Network and Territorial Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Growe ◽  
Hans H. Blotevogel
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
Advanced Producer Service

Abstract This paper identifies hubs of knowledge-based labour in the German urban system from two perspectives: the importance of a metropolitan region as a place and the importance of a metropolitan region as an organisational node. This combination of a network perspective with a territorial perspective enables the identification of hubs. From the functional perspective, hubs are understood as important nodes of national and global networks, established by flows of people, goods, capital and information as well as by organisational and power relations. From the territorial perspective, hubs are understood as spatial clusters of organisations (firms, public authorities, non-governmental organisations). The functional focus of the paper lies on knowledge-based services. Based on data about employment and multi-branch advanced producer service firms, four main types of metropolitan regions are identified: growing knowledge hubs, stagnating knowledge hubs, stagnating knowledge regions and catch-up knowledge regions. The results show an affinity between knowledge-based work and bigger metropolitan regions as well as an east-west divide in the German urban system.

Modelling urban growth incorporating spatial interactions between the cities: The example of the Tehran metropolitan region

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1064
Author(s):  
Sanaz Alaei Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Karimi ◽  
Kyoumars Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Growth Modelling ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Central Business Districts ◽  
History Of

Interactions between cities play a significant role in the development of metropolitan regions. Although these interactions and their role in the urban growth modelling have already been investigated, there is still room for more studies. In this research, in addition to conventional urban growth factors, spatial interactions between the cities (SIBC) are incorporated into urban growth modelling. This causes directional trends in urban growth (DTUG). Therefore, first the DTUG of each city was measured using a developed indicator based on the history of urban growth that was extracted from satellite images and spatial statistics. The SIBC was then estimated by integrating the DTUG of the cities. Finally, the SIBC and other driving forces, including the physical suitability, accessibility and neighbourhood effects, were integrated using a cellular automata-based model. The accuracy of the model in the Tehran metropolitan region was increased by 6.44% after considering the SIBC. The analysis of the DTUG and SIBC in the Tehran metropolitan region during 1991–2000–2007–2014 revealed specific patterns as the spatial interactions intensified over time and usually peaked in the periphery of the central business districts and intense interactions existed between the metropolises and other major cities. These findings could help urban managers with strategic decision-making in the metropolitan regions and adjust the science and practice relation in this field.

scholarly journals Fenced community gardens effectively mitigate the negative impacts of white-tailed deer on household food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Manning
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Deer Herbivory ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Household Food

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are large herbivores that thrive in urban and peri-urban landscapes. Their voracious appetite and ubiquity have made deer a significant threat to growing food in home and community gardens; features that often make important contributions towards household food security. Focusing on food availability, stability, utilization, and access, I outline how white-tailed deer threaten household food security. Deer threaten availability of food by widely consuming plants grown for human consumption. Deer threaten stability of household food security by causing spatially and temporally unpredictable food losses. Deer threaten utilization of food, through acting as sources of food-borne pathogens (i.e. Escherichia coli O157:S7). Deer threaten access to food by necessitating relatively high-cost economic interventions to protect plants from browsing. Although numerous products are commercially available to deter deer via behavioural modification induced by olfaction and sound – evidence of efficacy is mixed. Physical barriers can be highly effective for reducing deer browsing, but often come with a high economic cost. Users of community gardens benefit from fencing by receiving shared protection against deer herbivory at a significantly lower per capita cost. Among many other benefits, fenced community gardens are useful in mitigating the threats of white-tailed deer to household food security.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE: IDENTIFICATION OF LIVABLE URBAN SPACES WITHIN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
N. Gawai ◽  
A. Phadke
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The quality of urban life has become one of the most pertinent issues in contemporary times in India. There have been several reports published by government and nongovernmental agencies listing out various dimensions of quality of urban life but in a half-hearted manner as some reports have focused just upon the quality of urban air or some governmental reports talk about Human Development Index. There has hardly been any holistic effort to scale the quality of urban life in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental and psychological well-being. Unless all these parameters are combined, one cannot furnish the livability index of micro urban spaces within major metropolitan regions. The calculation of livability index thus needs to take into account environmental, socio-economic and mental dimensions. The environment related data has been achieved by extracting NDVI through LANDSAT satellite imagery for the month of May, 2018. NDVI has been used for calculating green spaces index. The data related to socio-economic parameters have been collected through primary and secondary sources of data. The data related to psychological health is gathered through questionnaire survey and personal interviews. Ranking based index calculation has been applied to arrive at a common livability index of select sub spaces in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The outcomes are very interesting and helpful in comparative analysis of select sub-spaces vis-à-vis quality of life. It has also helped in the identification of stressed sub-regional or micro spaces. Such livability index will be highly useful in regional and urban planning. The research aims at calculating livability index for select sub-regional spaces in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.</p>

scholarly journals Image recognition in the artificial agriculture officer

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.3) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
B Lokesh ◽  
Ravoori Charishma ◽  
Natuva Hiranmai
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Crop Diseases ◽  
The Right

Farmers face a multitude of problems nowadays such as lower crop production, tumultuous weather patterns, and crop infections. All of these issues can be solved if they have access to the right information. The current methods of information retrieval, such as search engine lookup and talking to an Agriculture Officer, have multiple defects. A more suitable solution, that we are proposing, is an android application, available at all times, that can give succinct answers to any question a farmer may pose. The application will include an image recognition component that will be able to recognize a variety of crop diseases in the case that the farmer does not know what he is dealing with and is unable to describe it.  Image recognition is the ability of a computer to recognize and distinguish between different objects, and is actually a much harder problem to solve than it seems. We are using Tensorflow, a tool that uses convolutional neural networks, to implement it  

scholarly journals Yield and Profitability of Crop Production in Mountain Less Favoured Areas

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Klima ◽  
Angelika Kliszcz ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Crucial Part

Agricultural production is a crucial part of policy issue in preventing depopulation of mountainous areas across Europe. However, soil and climate conditions are limiting yields and profitability of crop production in these regions. The European Union (EU) subsidizes agriculture in mountains by special payments (Less Favoured Area (LFA) subsidy) when areas match law-specified natural handicaps. This study aims to assess whether LFA subsidy in Poland is sufficient to cover losses caused by lower yields of crops cultivated in a mountainous region of Poland (Low Beskid Mountains in Carpathians) compared to lowland regions (non-LFA areas). The results indicated that LFA subsidy was adequate for crops (facultative wheat, winter wheat, field bean and spring barley) grown in the years 2015–2018.

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