scholarly journals 3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review

Compounds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-115
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Drug Transport ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
3D Printing Technique

Personalized medicines are gaining popularity day by day as they empower patient genomics and assist in improved drug design with minimum side effects. Various dosages can be combined into one dose that fits the patient’s requirements. For this purpose, 3D printing is a new technology to produce medicine based on patient needs. It utilizes controlled devices to prepare active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in a layer-wise fashion to develop an appropriate tailored drug transport structure. It contains numerous methods, including inkjet printing and fused deposition modeling. For this purpose, scientists have used various materials, including polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone. These materials have been applied to design and develop forms that are suitable for tuning the drug release. Different forms of dosages, including tablets (immediate and pulsatile release) and transdermic dosages, can be produced using the 3D printing technique. Furthermore, the 3D printing technique can also be used to prepare customized medicines to treat life-threatening diseases. In the case of patients needing various medicines, a 3D printer can be used to design and manufacture only one dosage incorporating different medicines. This article reviewed 3D printing utilization for customized medicines based on one’s needs. Various methods and materials used in medicine 3D printing were discussed with their applications.

Properties and applications of electrically conductive thermoplastics for additive manufacturing of sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Hampel ◽  
Samuel Monshausen ◽  
Meinhard Schilling
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Printing Parameters

AbstractIn consequence of the growing diversity of materials in the fused deposition modeling 3D printing technique, electrically conductive materials are commercially available. In this work two filaments based on thermoplastics filled with carbon or metal nanoparticles are analyzed in terms of their electrical conductance. The printing parameters to process the materials with the 3D printer are optimized with the design of experiments (DoE) method. A model to calculate the resistance of such 3D printed structures is presented and a demonstrator as a proof of concept was 3D printed based on these results. In addition, 3D printing of capacitors is investigated.

Morphological evaluation of microcellular foamed composites developed through gas batch foaming integrating Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 026248932110409
Author(s):  
G Radhakrishna ◽  
Rupesh Dugad ◽  
Abhishek Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Batch Foaming

In this article, the development of microcellular structure foams has developed by integrating the two successful and existing technologies, namely CO2 gas batch foaming and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. It is a novel approach to manufacture complex design porous products for customized applications. The eventual cell morphologies of the extruded 3D printing filament depends on the process parameters pertaining to both microcellular foaming and 3D printing processes. Further, morphological study has been conducted to evaluate the cell morphologies of the 3D printing filament developed through customized FDM setup. During this process, the significance of various process parameters including saturation pressure, saturation time, desorption time, feed rate and extrusion temperature were thoroughly studied. To pursue this study base material used was acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The 3D printed filaments consisted of cells with an average cell size in the range of 2.3–276 µm and the average cell density in the range of 4.7 × 104 to 4.3 × 109 cells/cm3. Finally, it has found that by controlling the process parameters different cell morphologies can be developed as per the end application.

scholarly journals Fabrication and characterization of 3D printed BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoejin Kim ◽  
Torres Fernando ◽  
Mingyue Li ◽  
Yirong Lin ◽  
Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Piezoelectric Response ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
3D Printing Technique

This paper presents a fabrication process to enhance homogeneous dispersion of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in polyvinylidene fluoride matrix nanocomposites using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The nanocomposites integrate the functional property (piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and dielectric) of BaTiO3 with the flexibility and lightweight of polyvinylidene fluoride. Traditionally, the simple yet effective way to fabricate the nanocomposites includes solvent-casting, spin-coating, and hot-embossing. However, these methods have disadvantages such as heterogeneous dispersion of BaTiO3 nanoparticles in polyvinylidene fluoride matrix due to the higher density of BaTiO3 compared with polyvinylidene fluoride and agglomeration during fabrication process. This heterogeneous dispersion could weaken functional and mechanical properties. Herein, fused deposition modeling 3D printing technique was utilized for homogeneous dispersion to alleviate the agglomeration of BaTiO3 in polyvinylidene fluoride through two processes: filament extrusion and 3D printing. In addition, thermal poling was applied to further enhance piezoelectric response of the BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites. It is found that 3D printed BaTiO3/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites exhibit three times higher piezoelectric response than solvent-casted nanocomposites.

3D Complex Structures Through Fused Deposition Modeling as a Rapid Prototyping Technology Designed for Replacing Anatomic Parts of Human Body

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Nastase-Dan Ciobota ◽  
Gheorghe Gheorghe
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printing Technique

Abstract The paper aims to demonstrate the capability of FDM – Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique to build complex structures designed for replacing anatomic parts of human body. It proposes to push the limits of FDM machine in order to achieve both structural integrity, mechanical properties and complexity of the 3D print part. Main applicability focus on bioengineering - developing new, lightweight implants but also can easily extended to airspace/automotive industry.

scholarly journals Dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of polymeric dental bridges produced by different 3D printing processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (94) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Dikova ◽  
D.A. Dzhendov ◽  
D. Ivanov ◽  
K. Bliznakova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose: To compare the dimensions accuracy and surface roughness of polymeric dental bridges produced by different 3D printers. Design/methodology/approach: Four-part dental bridges were manufactured by three printing systems working on the basis of digital light projection (DLP) stereolithography (SLA), laser-assisted SLA and fused deposition modeling (FDM). The materials used from SLA printers are liquid methacrylate photopolymer resins, while FDM printer use thin wire plastic polylactic acid. The accuracy of the external dimensions of dental bridges was evaluated and the surface roughness was measured. Findings: It was found that compared to the base model, the dimensions of the SLA printed bridges are bigger with 1.25%-6.21%, while the corresponding dimensions of the samples, made by FDM are smaller by 1.07%-4.71%, regardless the position of the object towards the substrate. The samples, produced by FDM, are characterized with the highest roughness. The average roughness deviation (Ra) values for DLP SLA and lase-assisted SLA are 2.40 μm and 2.97 μm, respectively. Research limitations/implications: For production of high quality polymeric dental constructions next research should be targeted to investigation of the polymerization degree, stresses and deformations. Practical implications: Our study shows that 3D printers, based on laser-assisted and DLP SLA, can be successfully used for manufacturing of polymeric dental bridges – temporary restorations or cast patterns, while FDM system is more suitable for training models. The results will help the dentists to make right choice of the most suitable 3D printer. Originality/value: One of the largest fixed partial dentures – four-part bridges, produced by three different commercial 3D printing systems, were investigated by comparative analysis. The paper will attract readers’ interest in the field of biomedical materials and application of new technologies in dentistry.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Drug-Eluting Nano-Hydroxylapatite Filled Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites Using Solution-Extrusion 3D Printing Technique

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Yun Chou ◽  
Ying-Chao Chou ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Lai ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Chia-Jung Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Moving Speed

Polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxylapatite (PCL/nHA) nanocomposites have found use in tissue engineering and drug delivery owing to their good biocompatibility with these types of applications in addition to their mechanical characteristics. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of PCL/nHA nanocomposites persists as a defiance mostly because of the lack of commercial filaments for the conventional fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. In addition, as the composites are prepared using FDM for the purpose of delivering pharmaceuticals, thermal energy can destroy the embedded drugs and biomolecules. In this report, we investigated 3D printing of PCL/nHA using a lab-developed solution-extrusion printer, which consists of an extrusion feeder, a syringe with a dispensing nozzle, a collection table, and a command port. The effects of distinct printing variables on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Drug-eluting nanocomposite screws were also prepared using solution-extrusion 3D printing. The empirical outcomes suggest that the tensile properties of the 3D-printed PCL/nHA nanocomposites increased with the PCL/nHA-to-dichloromethane (DCM) ratio, fill density, and print orientation but decreased with an increase in the moving speed of the dispensing tip. Furthermore, printed drug-eluting PCL/nHA screws eluted high levels of antimicrobial vancomycin and ceftazidime over a 14-day period. Solution-extrusion 3D printing demonstrated excellent capabilities for fabricating drug-loaded implants for various medical applications.

Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Tran Anh Son ◽  
Pham Son Minh ◽  
Trung Do Thanh
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
3D Printing Technique ◽  
Printing Parameters

3D printing is a promising digital manufacturing technique that manufactures product parts in a layer fashion. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely used 3D printing technique that produces components by heating, extruding, and depositing the filaments of thermoplastic polymers. Meanwhile, the properties of FDM-produced parts are significantly influenced by process parameters. These process parameters have different advantages that need to be investigated. This paper examines the effect of some process parameters on the tensile properties of some components produced using FDM technique. The study is performed on polylactic acid (PLA) material, using full factorial experimental design. Furthermore, three process parameter—material, infill density, and infill pattern—are considered. The results indicate that only the infill pattern significantly influences the tensile properties of the model.

scholarly journals Process Based Modeling of Energy Consumption for Multi-material FDM 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jinghua Chen ◽  
Erwei Shang ◽  
Yanqiu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Demand Changes ◽  
3D Printing Technique

Abstract Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one most cost-effective 3D printing technique for forming complex 3D components based on thermoplastic materials. The energy consumption analysis is one criterion to determine the capacity and sustainability of the FDM. In this paper, the energy consumption of a dual- extruder FDM is studied by differentiating the whole multi-material printing process into independent operation modes, which characterize the thermal behaviors of the printing parameters. By investigating the execution instruction which describe the tooling plan of the FDM, the nozzle temperature distributions with different filament materials are measured and simulated. The energy consumption details can be accurately captured in our work and therefore we are able to predicate the power demand changes with different working processes of the multi-material FDM 3D printing. This work will be beneficial for optimization of 3D printer design and manufacturing sustainability in next.

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