scholarly journals Dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of polymeric dental bridges produced by different 3D printing processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (94) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Dikova ◽  
D.A. Dzhendov ◽  
D. Ivanov ◽  
K. Bliznakova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose: To compare the dimensions accuracy and surface roughness of polymeric dental bridges produced by different 3D printers. Design/methodology/approach: Four-part dental bridges were manufactured by three printing systems working on the basis of digital light projection (DLP) stereolithography (SLA), laser-assisted SLA and fused deposition modeling (FDM). The materials used from SLA printers are liquid methacrylate photopolymer resins, while FDM printer use thin wire plastic polylactic acid. The accuracy of the external dimensions of dental bridges was evaluated and the surface roughness was measured. Findings: It was found that compared to the base model, the dimensions of the SLA printed bridges are bigger with 1.25%-6.21%, while the corresponding dimensions of the samples, made by FDM are smaller by 1.07%-4.71%, regardless the position of the object towards the substrate. The samples, produced by FDM, are characterized with the highest roughness. The average roughness deviation (Ra) values for DLP SLA and lase-assisted SLA are 2.40 μm and 2.97 μm, respectively. Research limitations/implications: For production of high quality polymeric dental constructions next research should be targeted to investigation of the polymerization degree, stresses and deformations. Practical implications: Our study shows that 3D printers, based on laser-assisted and DLP SLA, can be successfully used for manufacturing of polymeric dental bridges – temporary restorations or cast patterns, while FDM system is more suitable for training models. The results will help the dentists to make right choice of the most suitable 3D printer. Originality/value: One of the largest fixed partial dentures – four-part bridges, produced by three different commercial 3D printing systems, were investigated by comparative analysis. The paper will attract readers’ interest in the field of biomedical materials and application of new technologies in dentistry.

scholarly journals Research on 3D printed fixture components

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Dragoş-Florin Chitariu ◽  
Adriana Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Machining Control ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level

Fixtures are used for orientation, positioning and tightening of the workpiece during machining, control and assembly. The main fixture requirements are: orientation, positioning and tightening precision in accordance with the machining requirements. The materials used for fixture components, especially, supports and clamping mechanism are, usually, alloy steel with HRC hardness up to 55-60 HRC. These components are machined to high level of precision thus assuring the overall precision of the fixture. In order to achieve high stiffness and a good dampening capacity the fixture become, usually, very heavy. In the case of manually operated fixtures light weight is an advantage; also there are operations such as inspection, assembly where the operating forces are low. In this case lightweight materials can be used for fixture construction. In this paper the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printing technology is used. Support buttons and v-block fixture components were selected and 3D printed. The effect of printing orientation of active surfaces of support was analysed. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness on the active surface were measured. Experimental results indicate that surface roughness is dependent on the orientation of the printed workpiece.

scholarly journals Dimensional Accuracy of Dental Casting Patterns Fabricated Using Consumer 3D Printers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
Yoshiki Ishida ◽  
Daisuke Miura ◽  
Taira Miyasaka ◽  
Akikazu Shinya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Tooth Axis

Consumer 3D printers have improved considerably due to the evolution of additive manufacturing. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of consumer printers in dental restoration. Cylindrical patterns mimicking a full crown were created and enlarged from 100% to 105% of the original size. Two types of consumer 3D printers, including a fused deposition modeling (FDM) device and a stereolithography (SLA) device, and two types of dental 3D printers, including a multi-jet device and an SLA device, were used to fabricate the patterns. Then, the outer and inner diameters and depths, and surface roughness of the patterns were measured. The changing rates of the outer diameter of models created using dental printers were significantly smaller than those of the models created using consumer printers (p < 0.05). Significantly greater surface roughness was obtained in the tooth axis of the model fabricated using the consumer FDM device (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed on the surface roughness of both axes between the consumer SLA device and the dental devices (p > 0.05). However, FDM showed larger surface roughness than dental devices in both axes (p < 0.05). Thus, the SLA consumer printer can be applied to fabricate resin patterns with enlargement editing of 1–3% along the horizontal axis.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Thermodynamic Analysis of Laser-Polished Landscape Design Products Using 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Yue Ba ◽  
Yu Wen ◽  
Shibin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Laser Polishing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Recent innovations in 3D printing technologies and processes have influenced how landscape products are designed, built, and developed. In landscape architecture, reduced-size models are 3D-printed to replicate full-size structures. However, high surface roughness usually occurs on the surfaces of such 3D-printed components, which requires additional post-treatment. In this work, we develop a new type of landscape design structure based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and present a laser polishing method for FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) mechanical components, whereby the surface roughness of the laser-polished surfaces is reduced from over Ra 15 µm to less than 0.25 µm. The detailed results of thermodynamics and microstructure evolution are further analyzed during laser polishing. The stability and accuracy of the results are evaluated based on the standard deviation. Additionally, the superior tensile and flexural properties are examined in the laser-polished layer, in which the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is increased by up to 46.6% and the flexural strength is increased by up to 74.5% compared with the as-fabricated components. Finally, a real polished landscape model is simulated and optimized using a series of scales.

Influence of Part Orientation on the Surface Roughness in the Process of Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ján Milde ◽  
František Jurina ◽  
Jozef Peterka ◽  
Patrik Dobrovszký ◽  
Jakub Hrbál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Part Orientation

The article focused on the influence of part orientation on the surface roughness of cuboid parts during the process of fabricating by FDM technology. The components, in this case, is simple cuboid part with the dimensions 15 mm x 15mm x 30 mm. A geometrical model is defined that considers the shape of the material filaments after deposition, to define a theoretical roughness profile, for a certain print orientation angle. Five different print orientations in the X-axis of the cuboid part were set: 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. According to previous research in the field of FDM technology by the author, the internal structure (infill) was set at the value of 70%. The method of 3D printing was the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and the material used in this research was thermoplastic ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). For each setting, there were five specimens (twenty five prints in total). Prints were fabricated on a Zortrax M200 3D printer. After the 3D printing, the surface “A” was investigated by portable surface roughness tester Mitutoyo SJ-210. Surface roughness in the article is shown in the form of graphs (Fig.7). Results show increase in part roughness with increasing degree of part orientation. When the direction of applied layers on the measured surface was horizontal, significant improvement in surface roughness was observed. Findings in this paper can be taken into consideration when designing parts, as they can contribute in achieving lower surface roughness values.

A Heuristic Scaling Strategy for Multi-Robot Cooperative Three-Dimensional Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Poudel ◽  
Chandler Blair ◽  
Jace McPherson ◽  
Zhenghui Sha ◽  
Wenchao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Geometric Constraints ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Printing Time

Abstract While three-dimensional (3D) printing has been making significant strides over the past decades, it still trails behind mainstream manufacturing due to its lack of scalability in both print size and print speed. Cooperative 3D printing (C3DP) is an emerging technology that holds the promise to mitigate both of these issues by having a swarm of printhead-carrying mobile robots working together to finish a single print job cooperatively. In our previous work, we have developed a chunk-based printing strategy to enable the cooperative 3D printing with two fused deposition modeling (FDM) mobile 3D printers, which allows each of them to print one chunk at a time without interfering with the other and the printed part. In this paper, we present a novel method in discretizing the continuous 3D printing process, where the desired part is discretized into chunks, resulting in multi-stage 3D printing process. In addition, the key contribution of this study is the first working scaling strategy for cooperative 3D printing based on simple heuristics, called scalable parallel arrays of robots for 3DP (SPAR3), which enables many mobile 3D printers to work together to reduce the total printing time for large prints. In order to evaluate the performance of the printing strategy, a framework is developed based on directed dependency tree (DDT), which provides a mathematical and graphical description of dependency relationships and sequence of printing tasks. The graph-based framework can be used to estimate the total print time for a given print strategy. Along with the time evaluation metric, the developed framework provides us with a mathematical representation of geometric constraints that are temporospatially dynamic and need to be satisfied in order to achieve collision-free printing for any C3DP strategy. The DDT-based evaluation framework is then used to evaluate the proposed SPAR3 strategy. The results validate the SPAR3 as a collision-free strategy that can significantly shorten the printing time (about 11 times faster with 16 robots for the demonstrated examples) in comparison with the traditional 3D printing with single printhead.

Study the precision of fixed partial dentures of Co-Cr alloys cast over 3D printed prototypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ts. Dikova ◽  
Dzh. Dzhendov ◽  
Iv. Katreva ◽  
Ts. Tonchev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Primary Model ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Printed Patterns

Purpose: of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of Co-Cr dental bridges, manufactured using 3D printed cast patterns. Design/methodology/approach: Four-unit dental bridges are fabricated from the alloys i-Alloy and Biosil-f by lost-wax process. The polymeric cast patterns are 3D printed with different layer’s thickness (13 μm, 35 μm and 50 μm). Two 3D printers are used: stereolithographic “Rapidshape D30” and ink-jet “Solidscape 66+”. The geometrical and fitting accuracy as well as the surface roughness are investigated. Findings: It is established that Co-Cr bridges, casted from 3D printed patterns with 50 μm layer thickness, characterize with the largest dimensions – 3.30%-9.14% larger than those of the base model. Decreasing the layer thickness leads to dimensional reduction. The dimensions of the bridges, casted on patterns with 13 μm layer thickness, are 0.17%-2.86% smaller compared to the primary model. The average roughness deviation Ra of the surface of Co-Cr bridges, manufactured using 3D printed patterns, is 3-4 times higher in comparison to the bridge-base model. The greater the layer thickness of the patterns, the higher Ra of the bridges. The silicone replica test shows 0.1-0.2 mm irregular gap between the bridge retainers and abutments of the cast patterns and Co-Cr bridges. Research limitations/implications: Highly precise prosthetic constructions, casted from 3D printed patterns, can be produced only if the specific features of the 3D printed objects are taken in consideration. Practical implications: Present research has shown that the lower the thickness of the printed layer of cast patterns, the higher the dimensional accuracy and the lower the surface roughness. Originality/value: The findings in this study will help specialist in dental clinics and laboratories to choose the right equipment and optimal technological regimes for production of cast patterns with high accuracy and low surface roughness for casting of precise dental constructions.

A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: II. Materials, dimensional accuracy, and surface roughness

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian N. Turner ◽  
Scott A Gold
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Am Processes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically review the literature related to dimensional accuracy and surface roughness for fused deposition modeling and similar extrusion-based additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping processes. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic review of the literature was carried out by focusing on the relationship between process and product design parameters and the dimensional and surface properties of finished parts. Methods for evaluating these performance parameters are also reviewed. Findings – Fused deposition modeling® and related processes are the most widely used polymer rapid prototyping processes. For many applications, resolution, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness are among the most important properties in final parts. The influence of feedstock properties and system design on dimensional accuracy and resolution is reviewed. Thermal warping and shrinkage are often major sources of dimensional error in finished parts. This phenomenon is explored along with various approaches for evaluating dimensional accuracy. Product design parameters, in particular, slice height, strongly impact surface roughness. A geometric model for surface roughness is also reviewed. Originality/value – This represents the first review of extrusion AM processes focusing on dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. Understanding and improving relationships between materials, design parameters and the ultimate properties of finished parts will be key to improving extrusion AM processes and expanding their applications.

Evaluation of Direct Rapid Prototyping Pattern for Investment Casting

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F.M. Omar ◽  
S. Sharif ◽  
M. Ibrahim ◽  
H. Hehsan ◽  
M.N.M. Busari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Investment Casting ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rp Process ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Quality Assessments

The ability of rapid prototyping (RP) technology to fabricate direct part of any complex shape as a sacrificial pattern in shorter lead time has benefited the foundry industries significantly. The quality of investment casting (IC) parts is directly related to the master pattern fabricated from RP process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of various RP patterns that were fabricated by various RP processes which include 3D Printer (3DP), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Multijet Modeling (MJM). Evaluation of the RP patterns was carried out on dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and pattern shrinkage. Different internal pattern designs for the RP parts were developed using Insight software for FDM process and Solidworks 2011 for other RP systems. In addition to the quality assessments, the effect of the internal pattern designs on the burn out behaviour of the RP patterns was also evaluated. Experimental results showed that FDM and MJM produced patterns with better accuracy, surface roughness and part shrinkage when compared to 3DP. It was evident that the internal pattern structure improved the accuracy of the patterns produced from all RP processes. Results showed that FDM and MJM processes were superior in terms of mold cleanliness when no residual ash was observed during the burn out stage. Significant oxidation of ceramic powder was observed on the molds of the 3DP patterns which need to be removed manually from the molds.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN SETTING OPTIMAL MESIN 3D PRINTER BERBASIS FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING MENGGUNAKAN METODE TAGUCHI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggit Prakasa ◽  
Setya Permana Sutisna ◽  
Anton Royanto Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Deposition Modeling

<p>The 3D printers process is applied to create prototype components, but at the last 3D Printers are often applied as last products. So, high accuracy is required in this case. In this research will find the optimal<br />setting of the dimensional accuracy 3D printers based fused deposition modeling. The method used is<br />the Taguchi method, the reason for using this method its efficiency, this is because the Orthogonal<br />Array matrix requires less number of experiments than the classical experimental design. Analysis of<br />Variance is also needed in this method to see the factors that significantly influence the response<br />variable. The results of this study indicate that the factors that significantly influence is printspeed by<br />contributing 53.08%, flowrate contributes 16.4%, and temperature heater block contributes 3.85% and<br />optimal setting is temperature heater block 190º, print speed 60mm/s and flowrate 6.28 mm3/s. (A1,<br />C3 dan D2).</p>

scholarly journals 3D printers in dentistry: a review of additive manufacturing techniques and materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Portilha Gomes da Costa ◽  
Stephanie Isabel Díaz Zamalloa ◽  
Fernando Amorim Mendonça Alves ◽  
Renan Spigolon ◽  
Leandro Yukio Mano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Printed Materials

3D printers manufacture objects used in various dental specialties. Objective: This literature review aims to explore different techniques of current 3D printers and their applications in printed materials for dental purposes. Methods: The online PubMed databases were searched aiming to find applications of different 3D printers in the dental area. The keywords searched were 3D printer, 3D printing, additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, 3D prototyping, dental materials and dentistry. Results: From the search results, we describe Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Material Jetting (MJ), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Binder Jetting (BJ) and Dust-based printing techniques. Conclusion: 3D printing enables different additive manufacturing techniques to be used in dentistry, providing better workflows and more satisfying clinical results.

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