scholarly journals Combining Blockchains, Smart Contracts, and Complex Sensors Management Platform for Hyper-Connected SmartCities: An IoT Data Marketplace Use Case

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Georgios Palaiokrassas ◽  
Petros Skoufis ◽  
Orfefs Voutyras ◽  
Takafumi Kawasaki ◽  
Mathieu Gallissot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology

In this paper, we demonstrate the multiple points of innovation when combining blockchain technology with Internet of Things (IoT) and security frameworks. The deployment and use of IoT device networks in smart city environments has produced an enormous amount of data. The fact that those data are possessed by multiple sources that use independent systems for data collection, storage, and use impedes the exploitation of their value. Blockchains, as distributed ledgers, can be used for addressing the development of a universal system for data collection and distribution. Smart contracts can be used to automate all the processes of such a network, while at the same time, blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) protect sensitive data through anonymity and distributed storage. An innovative and open IoT blockchain market of applications, data, and services is proposed that: (i) provides the framework upon which objects and people can exchange value in form of virtual currencies, for assets (data and services) received; (ii) defines the motivation incentives according to social and business context for humans and smart objects to interact. The specific marketplace is piloted through a cross-border trial between Santander and Fujisawa, in the context of the M-Sec project, validating thus the interoperability, efficiency, and data protection principles.

scholarly journals Trust Hardware Based Secured Privacy Preserving Computation System for Three-Dimensional Data

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Munan Yuan ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Xiru Li ◽  
Haibo Tan ◽  
Jinlin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
3D Data

Three-dimensional (3D) data are easily collected in an unconscious way and are sensitive to lead biological characteristics exposure. Privacy and ownership have become important disputed issues for the 3D data application field. In this paper, we design a privacy-preserving computation system (SPPCS) for sensitive data protection, based on distributed storage, trusted execution environment (TEE) and blockchain technology. The SPPCS separates a storage and analysis calculation from consensus to build a hierarchical computation architecture. Based on a similarity computation of graph structures, the SPPCS finds data requirement matching lists to avoid invalid transactions. With TEE technology, the SPPCS implements a dual hybrid isolation model to restrict access to raw data and obscure the connections among transaction parties. To validate confidential performance, we implement a prototype of SPPCS with Ethereum and Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX). The evaluation results derived from test datasets show that (1) the enhanced security and increased time consumption (490 ms in this paper) of multiple SGX nodes need to be balanced; (2) for a single SGX node to enhance data security and preserve privacy, an increased time consumption of about 260 ms is acceptable; (3) the transaction relationship cannot be inferred from records on-chain. The proposed SPPCS implements data privacy and security protection with high performance.

scholarly journals Real Estate Information Verification Service with the Use of the Blockchain Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Bohdan Liubinskyi ◽  
◽  
Valentine Ilnytskyi ◽  
Petro Topylko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Information Verification

Blockchain (blockchain — chain of blocks) — Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). This is a combination of components that includes: peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, distributed storage, and cryptography (hashing and public-key encryption). Popular implementations of blockchain technology include Bitcoin as the electronic currency, which can be used to make money transfer transactions from one wallet to another. This paper considers Blockchain technology and the possibility of its usage to verify real estate information. There is a high demand today in the Ethereum platform for creating any decentralized online services based on blockchain (Dapps), working on smart contracts basis. Ethereum greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of implementing a blockchain. Representatives from various industries are interested in blockchain technology. These are mainly companies from different sectors of the economy, especially the banking sector, stock exchanges, etc. Also known applications of technology to the land register. It is implemented by both large players (Microsoft, IBM, Acronis, R3 banking consortium), and the new startups. The paper analyzes various types of real estate fraud and their impact. The requirements for building the architecture of the real estate information verification service have been collected. The architecture of the reasonable contract which considers all the requirements is offered. To implement the blockchain-based algorithm, a distributed Ethereum database based on smart contracts has been chosen. The built approach itself is based on the use of Blockchain technology. The architecture of the real estate information verification service has been developed using Blockchain technology, which, in turn, guarantees the successful execution of transactions and stable operation, which guarantees the entering, updating, and storing of real estate information and its verification.

scholarly journals Third Party Certification of Agri-Food Supply Chain Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain Tokens

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges dos Santos ◽  
Nunzio Marco Torrisi ◽  
Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Every consumer’s buying decision at the supermarket influences food brands to make first party claims of sustainability and socially responsible farming methods on their agro-product labels. Fine wines are often subject to counterfeit along the supply chain to the consumer. This paper presents a method for efficient unrestricted publicity to third party certification (TPC) of plant agricultural products, starting at harvest, using smart contracts and blockchain tokens. The method is capable of providing economic incentives to the actors along the supply chain. A proof-of-concept using a modified Ethereum IGR token set of smart contracts using the ERC-1155 standard NFTs was deployed on the Rinkeby test net and evaluated. The main findings include (a) allowing immediate access to TPC by the public for any desired authority by using token smart contracts. (b) Food safety can be enhanced through TPC visible to consumers through mobile application and blockchain technology, thus reducing counterfeiting and green washing. (c) The framework is structured and maintained because participants obtain economical incentives thus leveraging it´s practical usage. In summary, this implementation of TPC broadcasting through tokens can improve transparency and sustainable conscientious consumer behaviour, thus enabling a more trustworthy supply chain transparency.

scholarly journals On Smart Contracts and Organisational Performance: A Review of Smart Contracts through the Blockchain Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Allam
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Common

AbstractAs the Blockchain technology is gaining momentum in popular culture through Cryptocurrencies, its full implication and application to businesses, on a concrete and factual level, is still seen to be in its infancy stage. While the technology provides numerous advantages regarding stability, trust, speed and others, the robustness of the technology is not widely disseminated. This is further coupled by the common notion of resistance to change in business management processes. This paper explores the concept of Smart Contracts through the blockchain technology and its relevance to the business sector and further outlines the advantages and limitations of its applicability as of date.

scholarly journals Sharing communities – Community currency in the sharing economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Szemerédi ◽  
Tibor Tatay
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Community Currency ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Further Development

AbstractFor the further development and more efficient operation of the sharing economy, a fast and inexpensive peer-to-peer payment system is an essential element. The aim of this study is to outline a prototype that ensures the automation and decentralization of processes through smart contracts without blockchain technology. The model has been built based on the narrative that a community currency created through smart contracts can promote genuine practices of sharing as opposed to the profit-oriented approach that most of the currently operating sharing economy platforms have. Features of the model, such as ease of use, high-speed transactions without transaction cost are benefits that can provide a more efficient alternative to the traditional or to the cryptocurrency-based centralized sharing economy platforms.

scholarly journals Blockchain Beyond Cryptocurrency: Non-Fungible Tokens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Sakız ◽  
Ayşen Hiç Gencer
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peer Network ◽  
Work Mechanism ◽  
Distributed Networking ◽  
Peer To Peer Network

Blockchain technology is a disruptive innovation with the potential to replace existing business models that rely on centralized systems and third parties for trust. Even if there are a lot of application areas, blockchain used primarily for cryptocurrencies. Satoshi Nakamoto implemented the first blockchain application and invented the world’s first digital currency which is named as Bitcoin in 2008. Fundementally Bitcoin relies on cryptographic “proof of work” mechanism, digital signatures, and peer to peer distributed networking layer in order to provide a distributed ledger holding transactions. In 2014, a second generation of blockchains allow to program and execute them over distributed networks such as Ethereum project. The code to program any asset stored in blockchain’s peer-to-peer network is called as "smart contract" and smart contracts gives a powerful tool to developers for decentralized applications. There are various types of tokens that anyone can built on top of Ethereum and by combining smart contracts and new tokens, this paved the way of possibility to build a wide range of decentralized projects. One of the disruptive blockchain based innovation impacting intellectual property is called non-fungible-tokens or NFTs firstly introcuced in late 2017 on Ethereum network. This research contends that blockchain and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) which are cryptographically unique, scarce, non-replicable digital assets created through smart contracts and provably digital collectible assets. Our objective is to give NFT taxonomy, review NFT platforms and discuss technical challenges as well as recent advances in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also aims to point out the future directions for NFT technology.

The application of Blockchain technology in Copyright field: formalities and “smart contracts”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Kokotsaki ◽  
Galateia Kapellakou ◽  
Anastasios Giannaros ◽  
Spyros Sioutas
Keyword(s):  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Blockchain Technology - Based Solutions for IOT Security

2022 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Israa Al_Barazanchi ◽  
Aparna Murthy ◽  
Ahmad AbdulQadir Al Rababah ◽  
Ghadeer Khader ◽  
Haider Rasheed Abdulshaheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Private Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
It Applications

Blockchain innovation has picked up expanding consideration from investigating and industry over the later a long time. It permits actualizing in its environment the smart-contracts innovation which is utilized to robotize and execute deals between clients. Blockchain is proposed nowadays as the unused specialized foundation for a few sorts of IT applications. Blockchain would aid avoid the duplication of information because it right now does with Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Since of the numerous hundreds of thousands of servers putting away the Bitcoin record, it’s impossible to assault and alter. An aggressor would need to change the record of 51 percent of all the servers, at the precise same time. The budgetary fetched of such an assault would distantly exceed the potential picks up. The same cannot be said for our private data that lives on single servers possessed by Google and Amazon. In this paper, we outline major Blockchain technology that based as solutions for IOT security. We survey and categorize prevalent security issues with respect to IoT data privacy, in expansion to conventions utilized for organizing, communication, and administration. We diagram security necessities for IoT together with the existing scenarios for using blockchain in IoT applications.

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