Effective Transcutaneous Delivery of Hyaluronic Acid Using an Easy-to-Prepare Reverse Micelle Formulation

The skin loses its moisture with advancing age, causing cosmetic issues such as wrinkles. In addition, the loss of moisture leads to hypersensitivity to external stimuli such as UV light. Transcutaneous supplementation with hyaluronic acid (HA) is an effective and safe method of recovering the moisturizing function and elasticity of the skin. However, the transcutaneous delivery of HA remains challenging owing to the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) layer. To penetrate the SC barrier, we used a reverse micelle formulation that does not require high energy consumption processes for preparation. We aimed to enhance the skin permeability of HA by incorporating glyceryl monooleate—a skin permeation enhancer—into the formulation. A fluorescently-labeled HA-loaded reverse micelle formulation showed significantly enhanced permeation across Yucatan micro pig skin. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy of the surface of the skin treated with the reverse micelle formulation showed blue shifts of the CH2 symmetric/asymmetric stretching peaks, indicating a reduction in the barrier function of the SC. Further study revealed that HA was released from the reverse micelles at the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface between the SC and the living epidermis. The results demonstrated that our reverse micellar system is an easy-to-prepare formulation for the effective transcutaneous delivery of HA.

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Development and Characterization of Gantrez® S-97 and Hyaluronic Acid Microneedles for Transdermal Fluorescein Sodium Delivery

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 859 ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Phuvamin Suriyaamporn ◽

Worranan Rangsimawong ◽

Praneet Opanasopit ◽

Tanasait Ngawhirunpat

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Delivery System ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Fluorescein Sodium ◽

Porcine Skin ◽

Transdermal Drug Delivery System

Microneedles (MNs) are attractive micron scale technology, which has been used as a physical force to create transport pathways and enhance the permeability of drugs into the skin. Fluorescein sodium (FS), a hydrophilic drug was loaded in MNs for transportation through skin. The purposes of this study were to develop and evaluate the optimal formulation of FS-loaded polymeric microneedles (MNs) as a device for transdermal drug delivery system. The FS-MNs were fabricated by micro-molding technique and prepared by using Gantrez® S-97 (G) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The physical appearances were observed under digital microscope. The mechanical properties were determined by a texture analyzer. The insertion study was tested on neonatal porcine skin. The MNs height changing after insertion into the skin at predetermined times was measured to show dissolution ability of MNs. Finally, the drug permeation profile of FS-MNs was investigated by Franz diffusion cell. For the results, all formulations were complete fabrication of conical microneedle array (11 rows x 11 columns in 10 mm2 patch area) with average 600 + 20 μm in height, 300 + 5 μm in width, and 600 + 10 μm in interspace. The percent decrease of MNs height in mechanical strength of 30%G+5%HA was significantly less than others at 1.8 to 8.8 N/121 array. The formulation mixing with 30% Gantrez® S-97 had 100% of penetration into porcine skin. The dissolution ability showed that MNs were completely dissolved within 60 minutes. At 24 h of skin permeation, the FS permeated through the skin from 1%FS solution, 30%G+1%FS MNs, and 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs was 1.00%, 4.27% and 7.53%, respectively. The flux values of 1%FS solution, 30%G+1%FS MNs, and 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs were 0.006 μg/cm2/min, 0.032 μg/cm2/min, and 0.037 μg/cm2/min, respectively, indicating the highest skin permeability of FS from 30%G+5%HA+1%FS MNs. In conclusion, the 30%G+5%HA+1%FS formulation presented appropriate MNs properties as a device for transdermal drug delivery system.

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Visible Light-Enabled Paternò-Büchi Reaction via Triplet Energy Transfer for the Synthesis of Oxetanes

10.26434/chemrxiv.12606377 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katie Rykaczewski ◽

Corinna Schindler

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Visible Light ◽

Uv Light ◽

Cycloaddition Reaction ◽

High Energy ◽

Triplet Energy ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Triplet Energy Transfer

<div> <p>One of the most efficient ways to synthesize oxetanes is the light-enabled [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of carbonyls and alkenes, referred to as the Paternò-Büchi reaction. The reaction conditions for this transformation typically require the use of high energy UV light to excite the carbonyl, limiting the applications, safety, and scalability. We herein report the development of a visible light-mediated Paternò-Büchi reaction protocol that relies on triplet energy transfer from an iridium-based photocatalyst to the carbonyl substrates. This mode of activation is demonstrated for a variety of aryl glyoxylates and negates the need for both, visible light-absorbing carbonyl starting materials or UV light to enable access to a variety of functionalized oxetanes in up to 99% yield.</p> </div> <br>

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Visible-Light Photoswitching of G-Quadruplex Ligand Binding Mode Allows Reversible Control of G-Tetrad Structure

10.26434/chemrxiv.11845272.v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michael O'Hagan ◽

Javier Ramos Soriano ◽

Susanta Haldar ◽

Juan Carlos Morales ◽

Adrian Mulholland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ligand Binding ◽

Visible Light ◽

Uv Light ◽

Binding Mode ◽

High Energy ◽

Light Sources ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

G Quadruplex ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Robust Regulation

<div><p>Photoresponsive ligands for G-quadruplex oligonucleotides (G4) offer exciting opportunities for the reversible regulation of these assemblies with potential applications in biological chemistry and responsive nanotechnology. However, achieving the robust regulation of G4 ligand activity with low-energy visible light sources that are easily accessible and compatible with biological systems remains a significant challenge to realizing these applications. Herein, we report the G4-binding properties of a photoresponsive dithienylethene (DTE). We demonstrate the first example of G4-specific acceleration of the photoswitching kinetics of a small molecule and the visible-light mediated switching of the G4 ligand binding mode in physiologically-relevant conditions, which in turn allows control over the G4 tetrad structure of telomeric G4 in potassium buffer. The process is fully reversible and avoids the need for high-energy UV light. This affords an efficient, practical and biologically-relevant means of control that may be applied in the generation of new responsive G4/ligand supramolecular systems.</p></div><br>

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Degradation of Pharmaceutical Pollutants under UV Light using TiO2 Nanomaterial Synthesized through Reverse Micelle Nanodomains

Materials Research Foundations - Advances in Wastewater Treatment I ◽

10.21741/9781644901151-3 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-110

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Reverse Micelle ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Tio2 Photocatalyst ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Pharmaceutical Pollutants

Controlling water pollution are huge challenges throughout the world especially concerning pharmaceutical pollutants. Common practices at industrial wastewater treatment facilities need to be upgraded with advanced wastewater treatment techniques. TiO2 based photocatalytic processes have shown great potential for removal of these aqueous pharmaceutical pollutants. Reverse micelle based modified sol-gel method is utilized for the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterial. Generated reverse micelle nanodomains have controlled size and particle size distribution (PSD) of synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial, as revealed by SEM and DLS analysis. Thermal behaviour of synthesized sample is characterized by TGA analysis. TiO2 photocatalyst is also characterized through XRD, BET surface area, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. TiO2 photocatalyst is used for degradation of three model pharmaceutical pollutants viz. Levofloxacin hemihydrate (LFX), Metronidazole (MNZ) and Ketorolac tromethamine (KRL) under a UV light source. Reverse micelle mediated modified sol-gel method synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial has shown excellent photocatalytical performance, where degradation efficiency of LFX, KRL and MNZ were found to be 99.6%, 98% and 91.4% respectively within a little as 60 minutes.

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Effect of Bi Ions on the Hyperthermia Properties of Hyaluronic Acid-Coated La1−xSrxMnO3 Nanoparticles

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292020500150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 2050015

Author(s):

Lihan zheng ◽

Yuanwei Chen ◽

Ying Wang ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Tao Wang

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽

Curie Temperature ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Specific Absorption Rate ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

High Energy ◽

Average Particle ◽

Specific Absorption

Self-regulating temperature hyperthermia based on magnetic fluid with low Curie temperature is a moderately effective method for cancer treatment. The improvement of the properties of magnetic fluids is the key for application of this method. In this paper, Bi-doped LSMO magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple sol–gel method and coated by hyaluronic acid through high energy ball milling for their possible application in self-regulating temperature hyperthermia. The crystal structure, morphology, basic magnetic properties and heating properties of these nanoparticles in a high frequency magnetic field were investigated. It was found that the hyaluronic acid-coated La[Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]MnO3 magnetic nanoparticles, with an average particle diameter of [Formula: see text]100[Formula: see text]nm and a Curie temperature of 48∘C, possess outstanding induction heating properties. The saturation heating temperature, specific absorption rate and effective specific absorption rate are 48∘C, 117[Formula: see text]W/g and 0.27[Formula: see text]W/g[Formula: see text]kHz[Formula: see text](kA/m2), respectively.

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Transcutol® P Containing SLNs for Improving 8-Methoxypsoralen Skin Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12100973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 973

Author(s):

Giulia Pitzanti ◽

Antonella Rosa ◽

Mariella Nieddu ◽

Donatella Valenti ◽

Rosa Pireddu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Permeation ◽

Spherical Shape ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Skin Layer ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Puva Therapy ◽

Ultraviolet A ◽

3T3 Fibroblasts ◽

Skin Delivery

Topical psoralens plus ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) therapy consists in the topical application of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) followed by the skin irradiation with ultraviolet A radiation. The employment of classical 8-MOP vehicles in topical PUVA therapy is associated with poor skin deposition and weak skin permeability of psoralens, thus requiring frequent drug administration. The aim of the present work was to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) able to increase the skin permeation of 8-MOP. For this purpose, the penetration enhancer Transcutol® P (TRC) was added to the SLN formulation. SLNs were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, stability, and biocompatibility. Finally, 8-MOP skin diffusion and distribution within the skin layers was investigated using Franz cells and newborn pig skin. Freshly prepared nanoparticles showed spherical shape, mean diameters ranging between 120 and 133 nm, a fairly narrow size distribution, highly negative ζ potential values, and high entrapment efficiency. Empty and loaded formulations were almost stable over 30 days. In vitro penetration and permeation studies demonstrated a greater 8-MOP accumulation in each skin layer after SLN TRC 2% and TRC 4% application than that after SLN TRC 0% application. Finally, the results of experiments on 3T3 fibroblasts showed that the incorporation of TRC into SLNs could enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles, but it did not increase their cytotoxicity.

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Spreading of SARS-CoV-2 via Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems—An Overview of Energy Perspective and Potential Solutions

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4048943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 143 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad K. Sleiti ◽

Samer F. Ahmed ◽

Saud A. Ghani

Keyword(s):

Air Conditioning ◽

High Performance ◽

Public Perception ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Uv Light ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

High Energy ◽

Penalty Cost ◽

Energy Penalty ◽

Air Conditioning Systems

Abstract The role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) in spreading SARS-CoV-2 is a complex topic and has not been studied thoroughly. There are some existing strategies and technologies for health and high performance buildings; however, applications to other types of buildings come at large energy penalty: cost; design, regulations and standards changes, and varied public perception. In the present work, different factors and strategies are reviewed and discussed and suggested mitigations and solutions are provided including the required air flowrates with the presence of infectors with and without mask and disinfection techniques including ultraviolet (UV) light. Experimental and numerical research in open literature suggests that the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is sufficiently likely. However, in situ detailed experimental studies are still needed to understand the different scenarios of the virus spread. Displacement ventilation, underfloor air distribution, chilled beams, radiant ceiling panels, and laminar flow systems have varied effectiveness. High-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters and UV light can clean viruses but at high energy cost. Suggested solutions to reduce the infection probability include recommended levels of ventilation and a combination of virus sampling technologies including cyclones, liquid impinger, filters, electrostatic precipitators, and water-based condensation.

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Analysis of atmospheric attenuation using the Telescope Array central laser data

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201919701003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 01003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tareq AbuZayyad

Keyword(s):

Uv Light ◽

Light Attenuation ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

High Energy ◽

Western Desert ◽

Atmospheric Attenuation ◽

Fluorescence Detector ◽

Telescope Array ◽

Laser Facility ◽

Scintillator Detectors

Located in the western desert of the state of Utah, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment measures the properties of ultra high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) induced extensive air showers. TA employs a hybrid detector comprised of a large surface array of scintillator detectors overlooked by three fluorescence telescopes stations. The TA Low Energy extension (TALE) detector has operated as a monocular Cherenkov/fluorescence detector for nearly five years, and has recently been complemented by a closely spaced surface array to operate in hybrid mode. The TAx4 upgrade is underway and aims to, as the name suggests, quadruple the size of the surface array to improve statistics at the highest energies (post-GZK events). The analysis of the TA fluorescence detectors (FD) data requires knowledge of the degree of the atmospheric attenuation of UV light produced by shower particles. This attenuation depends partially on the amount of aerosols present in the atmosphere at the time of shower observation. Being highly variable, real time measurement of the aerosols light attenuation is accomplished through the use of a central laser facility (CLF) located at the center of the surface array, and in the field of view of the three FDs, as well as, the TALE FD. In this proceeding we will describe the experiment, and the CLF data and analysis, and give results on measured aerosols attenuation, yearly averaged. FD measurements of shower energy and Xmax, involve corrections for atmospheric attenuation due to the presence of aerosols. We discuss the errors introduced into the shower parameters reconstruction due to uncertainty about aerosols attenuation.

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EFFECT OF MENTHOL ON THE TRANSDERMAL PERMEATION OF ACECLOFENAC FROM MICROEMULSION FORMULATION

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i2.30988 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Abdul Baquee Ahmed ◽

Gouranga Das

Keyword(s):

Droplet Size ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Peak Height ◽

Skin Permeability ◽

Permeability Barrier ◽

Microemulsion Formulation ◽

Transdermal Permeation ◽

Ir Studies ◽

Ft Ir

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to enhance the transdermal permeation of aceclofenac (ACF) from microemulsion formulation using menthol as a natural permeation enhancer. Methods: Microemulsion containing 2% w/v of ACF was prepared by a titration method with different concentration of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The prepared microemulsion was evaluated for droplet size, viscosity, pH and in vitro skin permeation studies. Menthol at 3-8% w/w was added to the selected microemulsion formulation and their effect on skin permeation was evaluated across rat epidermis using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to understand the regulation action of menthol in the skin permeability barrier. Results: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was found to be 89.4±2.12 to 175.2±3.10 nm. The transdermal flux of the microemulsion containing 8% w/w menthol showed 2.9 fold increases in transdermal flux of ACF compared with the formulation without menthol. Result of FT-IR studies showed decrease in peak height of the symmetric and asymmetric C-H stretching vibrations may be because of the extraction of the stratum corneum (SC) lipids and the alteration of the skin permeability barrier. Conclusion: This result suggests that menthol significantly enhanced the transdermal permeation of ACF and may be an effective natural penetration enhancer for transdermal delivery of the drug.

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Zn Doped α-Fe2O3: An Efficient Material for UV Driven Photocatalysis and Electrical Conductivity

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst10040273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Suman ◽

Surjeet Chahal ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Parmod Kumar

Keyword(s):

Band Gap ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Energy ◽

Lattice Parameter ◽

Dielectric Behavior ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Potential Applications

Zinc (Zn) doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with varying concentrations (pure, 2%, 4% and 6%) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The influence of divalent Zn ions on structural, optical and dielectric behavior of hematite were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of synthesized samples were indexed to rhombohedral R3c space group of hematite with 14–21 nm crystallite size. The lattice parameter (a and c) values increase upto Zn 4% and decrease afterwards. The surface morphology of prepared nanoparticles were explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The band gap measured from Tauc’s plot, using UV-Vis spectroscopy, showed reduction in its values upto Zn 4% and the reverse trend was obtained in higher concentrations. The dielectric properties of pure and Zn doped hematite were investigated at room temperature and followed the same trends as that of XRD parameters and band gap. Photocatalytic properties of nanoparticles were performed for hazardous Rose bengal dye and showed effective degradation in the presence of UV light. Hence, Zn2+ doped hematite can be considered as an efficient material for the potential applications in the domain of photocatalysis and also higher value of dielectric constant at room temperature makes them applicable in high energy storage devices.

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