scholarly journals Alaskan Bog Blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) Extract as an Innovative Topical Approach to Prevent UV-Induced Skin Damage

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Erika Pambianchi ◽  
Zachary Hagenberg ◽  
Alessandra Pecorelli ◽  
Mary Grace ◽  
Jean-Philippe Therrien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Vaccinium Uliginosum

Our body is continuously exposed to various exogenous aggressors, and, in particular, the skin represents the main target for outdoor stressors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV exposure is well-known to be associated with the development/worsening of extrinsic photoaging and a multitude of skin conditions. Considering the role of photoprotection in skin health, the research of natural photoprotective molecules becomes of great importance. Therefore, in this work we wanted to evaluate the beneficial protective effects of ripe berries of Vaccinium uliginosum (Alaska bog blueberry (BB)) extract (100 μg/mL) for preventing the cutaneous oxidative, inflammatory, and structural damage induced by exposure to 200 mJ of UVA/UVB radiation. We observed that the topical application of BB extract on human ex vivo skin explants averted the UV-induced cutaneous OxInflammatory phenomenon by quenching the increase in the oxidative and inflammatory marker levels, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); as well as by counteracting the loss of structural proteins (filaggrin and involucrin) induced by UV radiation. Our data propose the use of a topical application of Alaska bog blueberry extract as a natural and valuable approach to ensure photoprotection against UV-induced skin damage and premature aging.

scholarly journals Flavonols Protect Against UV Radiation-Induced Thymine Dimer Formation in an Artificial Skin Mimic

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabia Maini ◽  
Brian M. Fahlman ◽  
Ed S. Krol
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Dimer Formation ◽  
Thymine Dimer ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Purpose: Exposure of skin to ultraviolet light has been shown to have a number of deleterious effects including photoaging, photoimmunosuppression and photoinduced DNA damage which can lead to the development of skin cancer.  In this paper we present a study on the ability of three flavonols to protect EpiDerm™, an artificial skin mimic, against UV-induced damage. Methods: EpiDerm™ samples were treated with flavonol in acetone and exposed to UVA (100 kJ/m2 at 365 nm) and UVB (9000 J/m2 at 310 nm) radiation.  Secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) were determined by ELISA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were quantified using LC-APCI-MS. Results: EpiDerm ™ treated topically with quercetin significantly decreased MMP-1 secretion induced by UVA (100 µM) or UVB (200 µM) and TNF-a secretion was significantly reduced at 100 µM quercetin for both UVA and UVB radiation.  In addition, topically applied quercetin was found to be photostable over the duration of the experiment.  EpiDerm™ samples were treated topically with quercetin, kaempferol or galangin (52 µM) immediately prior to UVA or UVB exposure, and the cyclobutane thymine dimers (T-T (CPD)) were quantified using an HPLC-APCI MS/MS method.  All three flavonols significantly decreased T-T (CPD) formation in UVB irradiated EpiDerm™, however no effect could be observed for the UVA irradiation experiments as thymine dimer formation was below the limit of quantitation.  Conclusions: Our results suggest that flavonols can provide protection against UV radiation-induced skin damage through both antioxidant activity and direct photo-absorption. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals A revised action spectrum for vitamin D synthesis by suberythemal UV radiation exposure in humans in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2015867118
Author(s):  
Antony R. Young ◽  
Kylie A. Morgan ◽  
Graham I. Harrison ◽  
Karl P. Lawrence ◽  
Bibi Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Action Spectra

Action spectra are important biological weighting functions for risk/benefit analyses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) exposure. One important human benefit of exposure to terrestrial solar UVB radiation (∼295 to 315 nm) is the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 that is initiated by the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3. An action spectrum for this process that is followed by other nonphotochemical steps to achieve biologically active vitamin D3 has been established from ex vivo data and is widely used, although its validity has been questioned. We tested this action spectrum in vivo by full- or partial-body suberythemal irradiation of 75 healthy young volunteers with five different polychromatic UVR spectra on five serial occasions. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels, as the most accurate measure of vitamin D3 status, were assessed before, during, and after the exposures. These were then used to generate linear dose–response curves that were different for each UVR spectrum. It was established that the previtamin D3 action spectrum was not valid when related to the serum 25(OH)D3 levels, as weighting the UVR doses with this action spectrum did not result in a common regression line unless it was adjusted by a blue shift, with 5 nm giving the best fit. Such a blue shift is in accord with the published in vitro action spectra for vitamin D3 synthesis. Thus, calculations regarding the risk (typically erythema) versus the benefit of exposure to solar UVR based on the ex vivo previtamin D3 action spectrum require revision.

Effects of UV Rays and Thymol/Thymus vulgaris L. Extract in an ex vivo Human Skin Model: Morphological and Genotoxicological Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cornaghi ◽  
Francesca Arnaboldi ◽  
Rossella Calò ◽  
Federica Landoni ◽  
William Franz Baruffaldi Preis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the major environmental factor affecting functions of the skin. Compounds rich in polyphenols, such as Thymus vulgaris leaf extract and thymol, have been proposed for the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. We compared the acute effects induced by UVA and UVB rays on epidermal morphology and proliferation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Normal human skin explants were obtained from young healthy women (n = 7) after informed consent and cultured at the air-liquid interface overnight. After 24 h, the samples were divided in 2 groups: the former exposed to UVA (16 or 24 J/cm2) and the latter irradiated with UVB (0.24 or 0.72 J/cm2). One hour after the end of irradiation, supernatants were collected for evaluation of the lactate dehydrogenase activity. Twenty-four hours after UVB exposure, biopsies were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy analysis, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. UVB and UVA rays induced early inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA damage compared to controls. In particular, UVB rays were always more cytotoxic and genotoxic than UVA ones. For this reason, we evaluated the effect of either T. vulgaris L. extract (1.82 µg/ml) or thymol (1 µg/ml) on all samples treated for 1 h before UVB irradiation. While Thymus had a protective action for all of the endpoints evaluated, the action of the extract was less pronounced on epidermal proliferation and morphological features. The results presented in this study could be the basis for investigating the mechanism of thymol and T. vulgaris L. extract against the damage induced by UV radiation.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of a Novel Distillate from Fermented Mixture of Nine Anti-Inflammatory Herbs and Its UVB-Protective Efficacy in Mouse Dorsal Skin via Attenuating Collagen Disruption and Inflammation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Young Her ◽  
Tae-Kyeong Lee ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ahn ◽  
Soon Sung Lim ◽  
Beom-Goo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Since ancient times, various herbs have been used in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, for wound healing and antiaging of the skin. In this study, we manufactured and chemically analyzed a novel distillate obtained from a fermented mixture of nine anti-inflammatory herbs (Angelica gigas, Lonicera japonica, Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., D. opposita Thunb., Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Hordeum vulgare var. hexastichon Aschers., Xanthium strumarium L., Cnidium officinale, and Houttuynia cordata Thunb.). The fermentation of natural plants possesses beneficial effects in living systems. These activities are attributed to the chemical conversion of the parent plants to functional constituents which show more potent biological activities. In our current study, the distillate has been manufactured after fermenting the nine oriental medical plants with Lactobacillus fermentum, followed by distilling. We analyzed the chemical ingredients involved in the distillate and evaluated the effects of topical application of the distillate on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Topical application of the distillate significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the dorsal skin against photodamage induced by UVB radiation. Additionally, our current results showed that topical application of the distillate alleviated collagen disruption and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 β expressions) in the dorsal skin against UVB radiation. Taken together, our current findings suggest that the distillate has a potential to be used as a material to develop a photoprotective adjuvant.

scholarly journals Changes in Phospholipid/Ceramide Profiles and Eicosanoid Levels in the Plasma of Rats Irradiated with UV Rays and Treated Topically with Cannabidiol

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8700
Author(s):  
Wojciech Łuczaj ◽  
Anna Jastrząb ◽  
Maria do Rosário Domingues ◽  
Pedro Domingues ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phospholipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Chronic UV radiation causes oxidative stress and inflammation of skin and blood cells. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a natural phytocannabinoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the phospholipid (PL) and ceramide (CER) profiles in the plasma of nude rats irradiated with UVA/UVB and treated topically with CBD. The results obtained showed that UVA/UVB radiation increased the levels of phosphatidylcholines, lysophospholipids, and eicosanoids (PGE2, TxB2), while downregulation of sphingomyelins led to an increase in CER[NS] and CER[NDS]. Topical application of CBD to the skin of control rats significantly upregulated plasma ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamines (PEo) and ceramides. However, CBD administered to rats irradiated with UVA/UVB promoted further upregulation of CER and PEo and led to significant downregulation of lysophospholipids. This was accompanied by the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD, manifested by a reduction in the levels of proinflammatory PGE2 and TxB2 and a dramatic increase in the level of anti-inflammatory LPXA4. It can therefore be suggested that topical application of CBD to the skin of rats exposed to UVA/UVB radiation prevents changes in plasma phospholipid profile resulting in a reduction of inflammation by reducing the level of LPE and LPC species and increasing antioxidant capacity due to upregulation of PEo species.

scholarly journals In vitro protective effect of topical nanoemulgels containing Brazilian red propolis benzophenones against UV-induced skin damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1460-1469
Author(s):  
Lucíria Correa ◽  
Gabriela de Carvalho Meirelles ◽  
Lucélia Balestrin ◽  
Priscila Oliveira de Souza ◽  
José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Red Propolis Extract

Nanoemulgels containing Brazilian red propolis extract have suitable characteristics for topical application and may be an alternative for the prevention of oxidative skin damage caused by UVA/UVB radiation.

Topical application of a novel, water-soluble γ-tocopherol derivative prevents UV-induced skin damage in mice

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Yasuoka ◽  
Jiro Takata ◽  
Yoshiharu Karube ◽  
Eiko Katoh ◽  
Toshi Tsuzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Skin Damage

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Spirulina-Derived C-Phycocyanin against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage in HaCaT Cells

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Young Ah Jang ◽  
Bo Ae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Skin Wrinkles

Background and objectives: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelm the antioxidant defense system, induce oxidative stress, and increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, resulting in skin aging. Thus, preventing ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin damage can attenuate skin aging. Spirulina (a biomass of cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae) is comprised of prokaryotes, whereas microalgae are eukaryotes and are rich in phycocyanin, a powerful antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the photoprotective effects of spirulina-derived C-phycocyanin (C-PC) against UVB radiation using keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Results: UVB radiation increased MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression but decreased involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression. C-PC showed no toxicity at concentrations of 5–80 μg/mL in terms of HaCaT cell viability. UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells had a 50.8% survival rate, which increased to 80.3% with C-PC treatment. MMP expression increased with UVB treatment, whereas MMP-1 and MMP-9 concentrations decreased with C-PC treatment. UVB reduced involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin expression in HaCaT cells, but 80 μg/mL C-PC increased their expression by >25%. In the UVB radiation group, dichlorofluorescin diacetate fluorescence intensity in HaCaT cells increased by 81.6% compared with that in the control group, whereas ROS production was reduced by 51.2% and 55.1% upon treatment with 40 and 80 μg/mL C-PC, respectively. Conclusions: C-PC might reduce or prevent skin aging by reducing UVB irradiation-induced skin wrinkles and free radicals.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Minocycline-Induced Hyperpigmentation—The Study on Normal Human Melanocytes Exposed to UVA and UVB Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3755
Author(s):  
Jakub Rok ◽  
Zuzanna Rzepka ◽  
Justyna Kowalska ◽  
Klaudia Banach ◽  
Artur Beberok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Skin Hyperpigmentation ◽  
Human Melanocytes ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Normal Human

Minocycline is a drug which induces skin hyperpigmentation. Its frequency reaches up to 50% of treated patients. The adverse effect diminishes the great therapeutic potential of minocycline, including antibacterial, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions. It is supposed that an elevated melanin level and drug accumulation in melanin-containing cells are related to skin hyperpigmentation. This study aimed to evaluate molecular and biochemical mechanism of minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation in human normal melanocytes, as well as the contribution of UV radiation to this side effect. The experiments involved the evaluation of cyto- and phototoxic potential of the drug using cell imaging with light and confocal microscopes as well as biochemical and molecular analysis of melanogenesis. We showed that minocycline induced melanin synthesis in epidermal melanocytes. The action was intensified by UV irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Minocycline stimulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (TYR) gene. Higher levels of melanin and increased activity of tyrosinase were also observed in treated cells. Moreover, minocycline triggered the supranuclear accumulation of tyrosinase, similar to UV radiation. The decreased level of premelanosome protein PMEL17 observed in all minocycline-treated cultures suggests disorder of the formation, maturation or distribution of melanosomes. The study revealed that minocycline itself was able to enhance melanin synthesis. The action was intensified by irradiation, especially with the UVB spectrum. Demonstrated results confirmed the potential role of melanin and UV radiation minocycline-induced skin hyperpigmentation.

scholarly journals Can Be miR-126-3p a Biomarker of Premature Aging? An Ex Vivo and In Vitro Study in Fabry Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Lo Curto ◽  
Simona Taverna ◽  
Maria Assunta Costa ◽  
Rosa Passantino ◽  
Giuseppa Augello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Premature Aging

Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) characterized by lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids in a wide variety of cytotypes, including endothelial cells (ECs). FD patients experience a significantly reduced life expectancy compared to the general population; therefore, the association with a premature aging process would be plausible. To assess this hypothesis, miR-126-3p, a senescence-associated microRNA (SA-miRNAs), was considered as an aging biomarker. The levels of miR-126-3p contained in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with about 130 nm of diameter, were measured in FD patients and healthy subjects divided into age classes, in vitro, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) “young” and undergoing replicative senescence, through a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach. We confirmed that, in vivo, circulating miR-126 levels physiologically increase with age. In vitro, miR-126 augments in HUVECs underwent replicative senescence. We observed that FD patients are characterized by higher miR-126-3p levels in sEVs, compared to age-matched healthy subjects. We also explored, in vitro, the effect on ECs of glycosphingolipids that are typically accumulated in FD patients. We observed that FD storage substances induced in HUVECs premature senescence and increased of miR-126-3p levels. This study reinforces the hypothesis that FD may aggravate the normal aging process.

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