Exploration of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys in the Stream-Wise and Secondary Flow Directions Comprising the Significant Impacts of Magnetohydrodynamic and Hybrid Nanofluid

This exploration examines the nonlinear effect of radiation on magnet flow consisting of hybrid alloy nanoparticles in the way of stream-wise and cross flow. Many experimental, as well as theoretical explorations, demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the regular liquid increases by up to 15 to 40% when nanomaterials are mixed with the regular liquid. This change of the thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid depends on the various characteristics of the mixed nanomaterials like the size of the nanoparticles, the agglomeration of the particles, the volume fraction, etc. Researchers have used numerous nanoparticles. However, we selected water-based aluminum alloy (AA7075) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) hybrid nanomaterials. This condition was mathematically modeled by capturing the Soret and Dufour impacts. The similarity method was exercised to change the partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Such nonlinear ODEs were worked out numerically via the bvp4c solver. The influences of varying the parameters on the concentration, temperature, and velocity area and the accompanying engineering quantities such as friction factor, mass, and heat transport rate were obtained and discussed using graphs. The velocity declines owing to nanoparticle volume fraction in the stream-wise and cross flow directions in the first result and augment in the second result, while the temperature and concentration upsurge in the first and second results. In addition, the Nusselt number augments due to the Soret number and declines due to the Dufour number in both results, whereas the Sherwood number uplifts due to the Dufour number and shrinks due to the Soret number in both results.

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Bioconvection of a Radiating Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Thin Needle in the Presence of Heterogeneous-Homogeneous Chemical Reaction

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.4049844 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V Puneeth ◽

S. Manjunatha ◽

O.D Makinde ◽

B.J Gireesha

Keyword(s):

Differential Equations ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Heterogeneous Reaction ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Homogeneous Reaction ◽

Reaction Parameter ◽

Bulk Fluid ◽

Electrically Conducting ◽

Footwear Industry ◽

Ultraviolet Illumination

Abstract : The photo catalytic nature of TiO_2 finds applications in medicinal field to kill cancer cells, bacteria and viruses under mild ultraviolet illumination and the antibacterial characteristic of Ag makes the composition Ag-TiO_2 applicable for various purposes. It can also be used in other engineering appliances and industries such as humidity sensor, coolants and in footwear industry. Hence, this study deals with the analysis of the effects of Magnetic field, thermal radiation and quartic autocatalysis of heterogeneous-homogeneous reaction in an electrically conducting Ag-TiO_2-H_2 O hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the gyrotactic microorganisms are used as active mixers to prevent agglomeration and sedimentation of TiO_2 that occurs due to its hydrophobic nature. The Mathematical model takes the form of partial differential equations with viscosity and thermal conductivity being the functions of volume fraction. These equations are converted to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and are solved by RKF-45 method with the aid of shooting method. It is observed that the increase in the size of the needle enhances the overall performance of the hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid increases with the increase in volume fraction. It is observed that the friction produced by the Lorentz force increases the temperature of the nanofluid. It is further observed that the heterogeneous reaction parameter has more significant effect on the concentration of bulk fluid than the homogeneous reaction parameter.

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Dual similarity solutions because of mixed convective flow of a double-nanoparticles hybrid nanofluid: critical points and stability analysis

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat &amp Fluid Flow ◽

10.1108/hff-09-2019-0714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ioan Pop ◽

Mohammadreza Nademi Rostami ◽

Saeed Dinarvand

Keyword(s):

Stability Analysis ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Flow Regime ◽

Magnetic Parameter ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Similarity Solutions ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Content Type ◽

Buoyancy Parameter ◽

Mixed Convective Flow

Purpose The purpose of this article is to study the steady laminar magnetohydrodynamics mixed convection stagnation-point flow of an alumina-graphene/water hybrid nanofluid with spherical nanoparticles over a vertical permeable plate with focus on dual similarity solutions. Design/methodology/approach The single-phase hybrid nanofluid modeling is based on nanoparticles and base fluid masses instead of volume fraction of first and second nanoparticles as inputs. After substituting pertinent similarity variables into the basic partial differential equations governing on the problem, the authors obtain a complicated system of nondimensional ordinary differential equations, which has non-unique solution in a certain range of the buoyancy parameter. It is worth mentioning that, the stability analysis of the solutions is also presented and it is shown that always the first solutions are stable and physically realizable. Findings It is proved that the magnetic parameter and the wall permeability parameter widen the range of the buoyancy parameter for which the solution exists; however, the opposite trend is valid for second nanoparticle mass. Besides, mass suction at the surface of the plate as well as magnetic parameter leads to reduce both hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer thicknesses. Moreover, the assisting flow regime always has higher values of similarity skin friction and Nusselt number relative to opposing flow regime. Originality/value A novel mass-based model of the hybridity in nanofluids has been used to study the foregoing problem with focus on dual similarity solutions. The results of this paper are completely original and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the numerical results of the present paper were never published by any researcher.

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Entropy generation of a hybrid nanofluid on MHD mixed convection is a lid-driven cavity with partial heating having two rounded corners

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202132102004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 321 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Zakaria Korei ◽

Smail Benissaad

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Reynolds Number ◽

Mixed Convection ◽

Entropy Generation ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Reynolds Numbers ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Driven Cavity ◽

Partial Heating

This research aims to investigate thermal and flow behaviors and entropy generation of magnetohydrodynamic Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in a lid-driven cavity having two rounded corners. A solver based on C ++ object-oriented language was developed where the finite volume was used. Parameter’s analysis is provided by varying Reynolds numbers (Re), Hartmann numbers (Ha), the volume fraction of hybrid nanofluid (ϕ), radii of the rounded corners. The findings show that reducing the radii of the rounded corners minimizes the irreversibility. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of hybrid nanofluid contribute to increasing the irreversibility. Finally, the entropy generation is decreased by increasing the Hartman number and increases by rising the Reynolds number.

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Numerical Solution of Transient Heat Conduction Equation for Heat-Treatable Alloys Whose Thermal Properties Change With Time and Temperature

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.3450720 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 471-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Farnia ◽

J. V. Beck

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Numerical Solution ◽

Precipitation Hardening ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Transient Heat Conduction ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Al 2024

Changes in microstructure occur in as-received aluminum alloy (Al-2024-T351) when it is subjected to elevated temperatures (150–260°C). These changes, which are called precipitation hardening, in turn influence the thermal properties, making them time as well as temperature dependent. A computer-assisted transient experimental procedure has been developed to determine the values of thermal conductivity of as-received Al-2024-T351 under the influence of precipitation-hardening. Based on isothermal experimental data and related algebraic modeling of the thermal conductivity, a mathematical model in the form of two differential equations is proposed. Instantaneous values of volume fraction of precipitate and thermal conductivity can be predicted using this model. A method for the simultaneous numerical solution of the partial differential equation of conduction and the proposed differential equations of precipitation are also given. The influence of precipitation—hardening on temperature distribution and on values of thermal conductivity is shown graphically for several cases involving the Al-2024-T351 material.

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Synthesis of hybrid nanofluid with two-step method

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186703057 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 03057 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wayan Nata Septiadi ◽

Ida Ayu Nyoman Titin Trisnadewi ◽

Nandy Putra ◽

Iwan Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Base Fluid ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Heat Transfer Fluid ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Test Results ◽

Step Method ◽

Fluid Mixture ◽

High Level ◽

Better Than

Nanofluid is a liquid fluid mixture with a nanometer-sized solid particle potentially applied as a heat transfer fluid because it is capable of producing a thermal conductivity better than a base fluid. However, nanofluids have a weakness that is a high level of agglomeration as the resulting conductivity increases. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of two nanoparticles into the base fluid called hybrid nanofluids. This study aims to determine the effect of nanoparticle composition on the highest thermal conductivity value with the lowest agglomeration value. This research was conducted by dispersing Al2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles in water with volume fraction of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% in the composition of Al2O3-TiO2 ratio of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%. The synthesis was performed with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes. The tests were carried out in three types: thermal conductivity testing with KD2, visual agglomeration observation and absorbance measurements using UV-Vis, wettability testing with HSVC tools and Image applications. The test results showed that the ratio composition ratio of 75% Al2O3-25% TiO2 with a volume fraction of 0.7% resulted in an increase in optimum thermal conductivity with the best wettability and the longest agglomeration level.

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Cross flow and heat transfer past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a hybrid nanofluid

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat &amp Fluid Flow ◽

10.1108/hff-05-2020-0298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalia C. Roşca ◽

Alin V. Roşca ◽

Amin Jafarimoghaddam ◽

Ioan Pop

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Porous Wall ◽

Shrinking Sheet ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Lower Branch ◽

Content Type ◽

Flow And Heat Transfer ◽

Branch Solution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the laminar boundary layer cross flow and heat transfer on a rotational stagnation-point flow over either a stretching or shrinking porous wall submerged in hybrid nanofluids. The involved boundary layers are of stream-wise type with stretching/shrinking process along the surface. Design/methodology/approach Using appropriate similarity variables the partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary (similarity) differential equations. The reduced system of equations is solved analytically (by high-order perturbed field propagation for small to moderate stretching/shrinking parameter and low-order perturbation for large stretching/shrinking parameter) and numerically using the function bvp4c from MATLAB for different values of the governing parameters. Findings It was found that the basic similarity equations admit dual (upper and lower branch) solutions for both stretching/shrinking surfaces. Moreover, performing a linear stability analysis, it was confirmed that the upper branch solution is realistic (physically realizable), while the lower branch solution is not physically realizable in practice. These dual solutions will be studied in the present paper. Originality/value The authors believe that all numerical results are new and original and have not been published before for the present problem.

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Unsteady Stagnation Point Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Past a Convectively Heated Stretching/Shrinking Sheet with Velocity Slip

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8101649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1649

Author(s):

Nurul Amira Zainal ◽

Roslinda Nazar ◽

Kohilavani Naganthran ◽

Ioan Pop

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Skin Friction ◽

Stagnation Point ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Velocity Slip ◽

Slip Condition ◽

Stagnation Point Flow ◽

Shrinking Sheet ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid

Unsteady stagnation point flow in hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu/H2O) past a convectively heated stretching/shrinking sheet is examined. Apart from the conventional surface of the no-slip condition, the velocity slip condition is considered in this study. By incorporating verified similarity transformations, the differential equations together with their partial derivatives are changed into ordinary differential equations. Throughout the MATLAB operating system, the simplified mathematical model is clarified by employing the bvp4c procedure. The above-proposed approach is capable of producing non-uniqueness solutions when adequate initial assumptions are provided. The findings revealed that the skin friction coefficient intensifies in conjunction with the local Nusselt number by adding up the nanoparticles volume fraction. The occurrence of velocity slip at the boundary reduces the coefficient of skin friction; however, an upward trend is exemplified in the rate of heat transfer. The results also signified that, unlike the parameter of velocity slip, the increment in the unsteady parameter conclusively increases the coefficient of skin friction, and an upsurge attribution in the heat transfer rate is observed resulting from the increment of Biot number. The findings are evidenced to have dual solutions, which inevitably contribute to stability analysis, hence validating the feasibility of the first solution.

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Numerical Analysis of Cu + Al 2 O 3 / H 2 O Hybrid Nanofluid of Streamwise and Cross Flow with Thermal Radiation Effect: Duality and Stability

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/4294985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Sumera Dero ◽

Liaquat Ali Lund ◽

Zahir Shah ◽

Ebenezer Bonyah ◽

Wejdan Deebani

Keyword(s):

Differential Equations ◽

Thermal Radiation ◽

Radiation Effect ◽

Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽

Upper And Lower Solutions ◽

Temporal Stability ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Thermal Layer ◽

Thermal Radiation Effect

The motion of water conveying copper and aluminum nanoparticles on a heated moving sheet when thermal radiation and stretching/shrinking surface is significant and is investigated in this study to announce the increasing effects of volume fractions, thermal radiation, and moving parameters on this transport phenomenon. Furthermore, the flow of a Cu − Al 2 O 3 /water hybrid nanofluid across a heated moving sheet has been studied in both cross and streamwise directions. Thermal radiation effect is also considered, as this effect along with cross flow has not yet been investigated for the hybrid nanofluid in the published literature. Two distinct types of nanoparticles, namely, Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and Cu (copper), have been used to prepare hybrid nanofluid where water is considered as a base fluid. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) has been transferred to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by compatible transformations before solving them by employing the III-stage Lobatto-IIIa method in bvp4c solver in MATLAB 2017 software. Temporal stability analysis has been carried out in order to verify stable branch between two branches by obtaining the smallest eigenvalue values. The branches obtained are addressed in depth against every applied parameter using figures and tables. The results show that there are three ranges of branches, no solution exists when λ > λ c , dual branches exist when 0.23 ≤ λ ≤ λ c , and a single solution exists when λ > 0.23 . Moreover, thermal layer thickness declines initially and then enhances in the upper and lower solutions for the higher values of the thermal radiation parameter.

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Unsteady Transport Phenomena of Hybrid Al2O3-Cu/H2O Nanofluid Past a Shrinking Slender Cylinder

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (12) ◽

pp. 3753-3764

Author(s):

Nurul Amira Zainal ◽

Roslinda Nazar ◽

Kohilavani Naganthran ◽

Ioan Pop

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Skin Friction Coefficient ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Similarity Transformations ◽

Flow And Heat Transfer ◽

Theoretical Investigations ◽

Suitable Form ◽

Layer Flow

Theoretical investigations of unsteady boundary layer flow gain interest due to its relatability to practical settings. Thus, this study proposes a unique mathematical model of the unsteady flow and heat transfer in hybrid nanofluid past a permeable shrinking slender cylinder. The suitable form of similarity transformations is adapted to simplify the complex partial differential equations into a solvable form of ordinary differential equations. A built-in bvp4c function in MATLAB software is exercised to elucidate the numerical analysis for certain concerning parameters, including the unsteadiness and curvature parameters. The bvp4c procedure is excellent in providing more than one solution once sufficient predictions are visible. The present analysis further observed dual solutions that exist in the system of equations. Notable findings showed that by increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction, the skin friction coefficient increases in accordance with the heat transfer rate. In contrast, the decline of the unsteadiness parameter demonstrates a downward trend toward the heat transfer performance.

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Investigating and Modeling the Factors Affecting Thermal Optimization and Dynamic Viscosity of Water Hybrid Nanofluid/Carbon Nanotubes via MOPSO using ANN

Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.47577/technium.v2i3.575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 108-114

Author(s):

Amin Moslemi Petrudi ◽

Ionut Cristian Scurtu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Optimization Process ◽

Hybrid Nanofluid ◽

Engineering Systems ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Ann Modeling ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann

Optimization is to find the best answer among existing situations. Optimization is used in the design and maintenance of many engineering systems to minimize costs or maximize profits. Due to the widespread use of optimization in engineering, this topic has grown a lot. In this paper, the optimization of multi-objective of Water Hybrid Nanofluid/Carbon Nanotubes is investigated. Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm has been used in order to maximize thermal conductivity and minimum viscosity by changing the temperature (300 to 340 ºk) and the volume fraction (0.01 to 0.4%) of nanofluid. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling of experimental data has been used to obtain the values. Parto fronts, the optimal points and different values are 20 members and 15 iterations, and in order to compare the results optimization process on the first, fifth, tenth fronts, a relation has been proposed to predict the viscosity and Parto fronts in the optimization process. The aim of the study was to optimize nanofluid to reduce viscosity and increase thermal conductivity.

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