scholarly journals Analysis of Rational Proportion of Raw Materials Based on Biomass

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Yue Kang ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Yuzhu Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Xing ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Coke Breeze ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Theoretical Support

Most of the air pollutants in the steel industry come from the sintering process, and the air pollutants produced by the sintering process mainly come from the sinter fuel (coke breeze). The S and N content of biomass fuel is low; therefore, biomass fuel is used instead of coke breeze for sintering to reduce the emission of the sinter flue gas pollutants. However, the use of biomass fuel reduces the sintering layer temperature, which results in the deterioration of the sinter properties. In order to ensure the quality of sintering base on biomass fuel, the thermodynamic calculation and related experiments were carried out, the effects of different basicity, MgO and Al2O3 content on the formation of low melting point minerals in sintered mixture were studied, and the suitable composition of sintered mixture was determined in this paper, so as to reduce the liquid phase formation temperature of sinter and increase in biomass fuel addition, which provided theoretical support for the application of biomass fuel in sintering. Experimental results indicate that the suitable conditions for the low-temperature sintering were a basicity of 2.0, and MgO and Al2O3 contents of 1.0% and 1.8%, respectively. Under this condition, more biomass fuel can be used to replace coke breeze, and the emission of flue gas pollutants can be greatly reduced.

scholarly journals Iron-Ore Sintering Process Optimization / Optymalizacja Procesu Aglomeracji Rudy Żelaza

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2895-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fröhlichová ◽  
D. Ivanišin ◽  
A. Mašlejová ◽  
R. Findorák ◽  
J. Legemza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Iron Ore Sinter ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Iron Ore Concentrate

The work deals with examination of the influence of the ratio between iron ore concentrate and iron ore on quality of produced iron ore sinter. One of the possibilities to increase iron content in sinter is the modification of raw materials ratio, when iron ore materials are added into sintering mixture. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore sinter, iron content in resulting sintering mixture will be lower. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore concentrate and recycled materials, which is more finegrained, a proportion of a fraction under 0.5 mm will increase, charge permeability property will be reduced, sintering band performance will decrease and an occurrence of solid particulate matter in product of sintering process will rise. The sintering mixture permeability can be optimized by increase of fuel content in charge or increase of sinter charge moisture. A change in ratio between concentrate and iron ore has been experimentally studied. An influence of sintering mixture grain size composition, a charge grains shape on quality and phase composition on quality of the produced iron sinter has been studied.

Effect of Al2O3 and SiC Content in Pack Cementation Powders on the Microstructure of SiC Coatings on HTR Graphite Spheres

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Zhao ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Ziqiang Li ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu ◽  
Kaihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pack Cementation ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Transitional Area ◽  
Dense Microstructure ◽  
Porous Microstructure ◽  
Sic Coatings

To improve the anti-oxidation ability of graphite, Al2O3 and SiC as additives, a uniform SiC coating was prepared on the surface of HTR graphite spheres by the pack cementation and sintering process. The microstructure of SiC coating was characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of Si/C ratio, Al2O3 and SiC content in the starting powder, sintering process conditions on the microstructure of SiC coating was also analyzed. The results show that the SiC coating on the surface of spherical graphite sample can be obtained with Si/C ratio higher than 3: 1, and the SiC coatings with different raw materials possess different microstructure and phase constitutes. The SiC coating is a kind of clear porous microstructure, while the main composition of the coating is β-SiC with some α-SiC and unreacted graphite. It is found that the content of Al2O3 has a significant influence on the penetration into the SiC coating, while the SiC content has a great influence on the microstructure between SiC coating and the substrate. When Al2O3 content is 10%, the bonding between the SiC coating and the substrate is better. When SiC content is 20%, the SiC coatings obtained have good densification and less lamellar accumulation of on the surface of the coatings. The SiC coatings sintered in Ar gas at 1750 °C have larger thickness and porous porosity microstructure, and the maximum thickness, about 400 ∼ 600 μm, can be achieved with the 2h of sintering time. The obtained SiC coatings sintered in vacuum at 1750 °C have a plate-like dense microstructure, in which the main composition of the coating is free Si, α-SiC and β-SiC, and the transitional area between SiC coating and the substrate is not obvious.

Study on a New Technology of Flue Gas Desulfurization in Sintering Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2284-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ping Wang ◽  
Xue Gong Bi ◽  
De Ming Weng
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Operation Cost

In this paper, a new technology of sintering flue gas desulfurization is proposed. The principle is that some kind of additives is introduced into feed mix, the additives decompose into NH3in sintering process during heating, the NH3reacts with SO2gas to form ammonium sulphate solid particles, the particles are captured as dust by ESP, so the removal of SO2in sintering flue gas is achieved. The study results show that the concentration of SO2in sintering flue gas decreases gradually with the increase of additive amount, when the specific quantity of additive is 3.02kg per ton mix, the decreasing rate of SO2is up to 81.33%(mass). Since sintering dust must be recycled as raw materials, in order to solve the problem of flue gas SO2concentration is gradually increasing, the approach of increasing the amount of additive can be taken, or the dust is separately treated for sulfur removal before being used as raw sintering material. The new approach of reducing SO2emission in sintering flue gas has advantages of low investment, small occupation area and low operation cost. Moreover, the additive is inexpensive and readily available, so sintering cost is not increased obviously.

scholarly journals Optimization Model and Pollution Treatment of Sintering Ore Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Hao Yue ◽  
Huibo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ore Distribution ◽  
The Cost

sintering process plays an important role in iron and steel smelting process. The subsequent production of blast furnace ironmaking is directly affected by the quality of sinter. Among them, the proportion of raw materials and the advanced degree of sintering process are the two main factors affecting the quality of sinter. Because the control parameters of sintering process are too many and the physical and chemical process is too complex, it is difficult to establish and control the model accurately. Therefore, workers have long relied on experience to set temperature and other factors to engage in production, resulting in the quality of sinter is unstable, the cost is not easy to be controlled. Moreover, the flue gas produced in the sintering process will have different effects on the environment. Through the data analysis of the ore distribution scheme and the results of the physicochemical analysis of sinter in a steel plant, two aspects of the work are completed: one is to establish the optimal model of the cost of the sintering process, and the most suitable temperature for the sintering process. The second is the analysis of harmful components produced in sintering process.

scholarly journals Study of the Suitability of Different Types of Slag and Its Influence on the Quality of Green Grouts Obtained by Partial Replacement of Cement

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Perez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Eugenia Parron-Rubio ◽  
Jose Manuel Garcia-Manrique ◽  
Maria Dolores Rubio-Cintas
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Steel Manufacturing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Slag Waste ◽  
Minimum Resistance

This paper is part of a research line focused on the reduction of the use of cement in the industry. In this work, the study of work methodologies for the manufacture of green cementitious grout mixtures is studied. Grout is widely used in construction and it requires an important use of raw materials. On the other hand, the steel industry faces the problem of the growing generation of slag wastes due to the increase in steel manufacturing. The green grout aims to achieve the dual objective of reducing the demand for cement and improve the slag waste valorization. Slag is not introduced as an aggregate but through the direct replacement of cement and no additives. The research seeks a product where we can use steel slag intensively, guaranteeing minimum resistance and workability. Results with substitutions between a 25% to 50% and water/cement ratio of 1 are presented. In particular, the suitability of different slags (two Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) and one Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)) in the quality of the final product are analyzed. The feasibility of replacing cement with slag and the importance of the origin and pretreatment are highlighted.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of the Effect of Al2O3 Content on the Liquid Phase Fluidity of Iron Ore Fines

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Li ◽  
Shengli Wu ◽  
Zhibin Hong ◽  
Weili Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Calcium Ferrite ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Liquidity Index ◽  
Iron Ore Fines

The sintering process is significantly important for the ironmaking in China because of the large amount of sinter consumed. Al2O3 is an important element determining the quality and quantity of sinter. However, different conclusions have been made regarding the effects of Al2O3 on the amount and fluidity of the liquid phase formed in the sinter phase. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the effects of Al2O3 content on the amount and fluidity of the liquid phase. The present work investigated the effects of different Al2O3 contents of iron ore fines on the liquid phase formation, mineral composition, and consolidation strength. The results showed that a small amount of Al2O3 increased the amount of calcium ferrite, making the liquid phase formation easier. As the Al2O3 content in iron ore fines increased, the liquidity index decreased continuously, while the fluidity and the consolidation strength of the sintered body were directly related to the content squared. The quality of the sinter is optimal when the Al2O3 content of the iron ore fines is about 2 wt % (the SiO2 content is 4 wt %).

Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Influence of Steelworks Dust on Agglomerate Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Vasilica Viorica Corcoţoi Toniţă ◽  
Maria Vlad ◽  
Ilenuta Severin ◽  
Andrei Berbecaru
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Raw Material ◽  
Chemical And Mineralogical Composition

From making steel process result dust and slurry that can be used as a secondary raw material in the composition stack of ferrous materials for the sintering process. Together with other raw materials rich in Fe, SiO2, CaO, this waste can be significant on quality ferrous agglomerate due to the useful elements contained.The paper presents the results of chemical and mineralogical analysis of steelworks dust and experimental research with a view to introduce dust in the sintering process to increase the quality of agglomerate.

RECOVERY OF NEPHELINE FROM APATITE FLOTATION TAILINGS OF APATITE-NEPHELINE COMPLEX MINERAL COMPOSED ORES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Artemev ◽  
Elena Veselova ◽  
Irina Nikitina ◽  
Galina Viktorovna
Keyword(s):  
Strong Field ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Flotation Tailings ◽  
Nepheline Concentrate ◽  
Useful Components ◽  
Selection Of

"The recovery of all possible useful components from ores corresponds to modern approach to the mineral raw materials processing and provides a reduction in the amount of waste sent to tailings dumps. The increasing complexity of the mineral composition of the ore leads to the fact that the existing beneficiation methods and regimes do not provide the necessary quality of the obtained concentrates. This study shows the peculiarities of nepheline recovery from apatite flotation tailings of apatite-nepheline ores with low nepheline fraction. Two reagent regimes were tested for nepheline reverse flotation: a mixture of pine and foliate tall oil, a mixture of tall oil and polyalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which previously showed high selectivity of separation of nepheline and dark-coloured minerals. On the studied apatite-nepheline ore samples the necessary selection of flotation separation was not observed. Mineralogical analysis shows that losses of nepheline with froth products occur both at the expense of nepheline in intergrowths with associated minerals and at the expense of liberated minerals. Nepheline is quite actively floated, which is associated with a change in the surface properties of the mineral. The quality of flotation nepheline concentrates is reduced due to liberated grains of amphiboles, pyroxenes, and mica. The high content of feldspar in the ore, which during flotation predominantly remains in the chamber product, also affects the quality of the nepheline concentrate. It was possible to increase the Al2O3 content in the concentrate to the required values only after magnetic separation in a strong field."

The Case Study on SO2 Emission Factor from Iron and Steel Industry in Yunnan Province

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 895-900
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Long Tang ◽  
Hong Hong Yi ◽  
Qiong Fen Yu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Plant ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Iron And Steel

The present status of iron and steel industry of China and Yunnan were given in this work. Base on the analysis of iron and steel industry of Yunnan, we choose two steel plants (marked plant A and plant B) as the typical factories to confirm the emission factor of SO2. The emission factor of SO2 was achieved by mass balance method. In steel plant A, the emission factor is 9.684 (kg-SO2/t-steel), after flue gas desulfurization, the factor dropped to 1.476 (kg-SO2/t-steel). It indicates that desulfuration of sinter flue gas is important to reduce SO2 emission. In steel plant B, the emission factor is 5.4(kg-SO2/t-steel) without desulfurization. However, according to Discharge Coefficients of Industrial Pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources(Survey Handbook), the SO2 emission factor of plant B is 4.15(kg-SO2/t-steel). We can see the differences exist between Yunnan’s discharges of pollutants with national Survey Handbook. Because the national Survey Handbook represents the national average level and manufacturing technique and raw materials of various factories vary greatly within the country. So it’s necessary to confirm the emission factor for Yunnan province.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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