scholarly journals Beyond Capricornia: Tropical Sea Slugs (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) Extend Their Distributions into the Tasman Sea

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Nimbs ◽  
Stephen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Taxonomic Uncertainty ◽  
Tropical Sea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

There is increasing evidence of poleward migration of a broad range of taxa under the influence of a warming ocean. However, patchy research effort, the lack of pre-existing baseline data, and taxonomic uncertainty for some taxa means that unambiguous interpretation of observations is often difficult. Here, we propose that heterobranch sea slugs provide a useful target group for monitoring shifts in distribution. As many sea slugs are highly colourful, popular with underwater photographers and rock-pool ramblers, and found in accessible habitats, they provide an ideal target for citizen scientist programs, such as the Sea Slug Census. This maximises our ability to rapidly gain usable diversity and distributional data. Here, we review records of recent range extensions by tropical species into the subtropical and temperate waters of eastern Australia and document, for the first time in Australian waters, observations of three tropical species of sea slug as well as range extensions for a further six to various locations in the Tasman Sea.

scholarly journals Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3613 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. SADIE MILLS ◽  
TIMOTHY D. O'HARA
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
First Time ◽  
South Eastern Australia

The taxonomy of ophiuroids collected in 2009 and 2011, from biogenic habitats across the New Zealand continental shelf, is reviewed. Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936, and its junior synonym Ophionereis terba Baker & Devaney, 1981from South-Eastern Australia, is now recognised as a distinct species, and has been removed from synonymy with Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872. Ophiacantha abyssicola var. otagoensis Fell, 1958 is also recognised as a distinct spe-cies and has been removed from synonymy with Ophiacantha brachygnatha Clark H L, 1928. Amphiura eugeniae var. latisquama Mortensen, 1924 is raised to species rank and Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952 treated as a synonym of A. latisquama. Ophiolycus farquhari McKnight, 2003 is transferred to the genus Ophiologimus. The diagnostic characters of several other species are reviewed and colour descriptions and images are included where available. The tropical species Ophiacantha longidens Lyman, 1878, Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879) and Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler, 1922) are reported from New Zealand waters for the first time.

scholarly journals Red Sea Opisthobranchia 5: new species and new records of chromodorids from the Red Sea (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 9-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Yonow
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pacific Species

This is the fifth publication describing species of sea slug heterobranchs, originally based on collections from the Red Sea by the author on four expeditions carried out in 1983 and 1990, with the addition of specimens subsequently collected by underwater photographers who were stimulated by the book "Sea Slugs of the Red Sea". So much material has been amassed that only the new species and new Red Sea records of chromodorids are described in this paper, with an appendix listing specimens of previously recorded species. Three new species are described in detail and illustrated, belonging to three different genera: Doriprismaticakyanomarginata sp. n., Glossodoriskahlbrocki sp. n., and Goniobranchuspseudodecorus sp. n. One western Pacific species is recorded for the first time in the Red Sea, Goniobranchuscollingwoodi (Rudman, 1987). The nomenclature of Verconiasudanica is discussed and stabilised.

scholarly journals Pigment and Fatty Acid Heterogeneity in the Sea Slug Elysia crispata Is Not Shaped by Habitat Depth

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3157
Author(s):  
Xochitl Guadalupe Vital ◽  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Sónia Cruz ◽  
Maria Rosário Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Habitat Depth ◽  
Sea Slug ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Sea Slugs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Biochemical Condition

Long-term retention of functional chloroplasts in animal cells occurs only in sacoglossan sea slugs. Analysis of molecules related to the maintenance of these organelles can provide valuable information on this trait (kleptoplasty). The goal of our research was to characterize the pigment and fatty acid (FA) composition of the sea slug Elysia crispata and their associated chloroplasts that are kept functional for a long time, and to quantify total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid contents, identifying differences between habitats: shallow (0–4 m) and deeper (8–12 m) waters. Specimens were sampled and analyzed after a month of food deprivation, through HPLC, GC-MS and colorimetric methods, to ensure an assessment of long-term kleptoplasty in relation to depth. Pigment signatures indicate that individuals retain chloroplasts from different macroalgal sources. FA classes, phospholipid and glycolipid contents displayed dissimilarities between depths. However, heterogeneities in pigment and FA profiles, as well as total lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid amounts in E. crispata were not related to habitat depth. The high content of chloroplast origin molecules, such as Chl a and glycolipids after a month of starvation, confirms that E. crispata retains chloroplasts in good biochemical condition. This characterization fills a knowledge gap of an animal model commonly employed to study kleptoplasty.

scholarly journals Response of the Snowy River Estuary to two environmental flows

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Errol J. McLean ◽  
Jon B. Hinwood
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Salinity Gradients ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Major River

The Snowy River is a major river in south-eastern Australia, discharging to the Tasman Sea via a barrier estuary, with its entrance constricted by marine sands. Since the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme, river flows have not been sufficient to maintain the river channel. A program of environmental flow releases (EFR) is returning water to the river to restore the fluvial reaches and is now trialling flow regimes that may also benefit the estuarine reaches. This paper documents the response of the estuarine segments of the Snowy River to two EFRs; the release in 2010 was designed to scour the upper reaches of the Snowy River while the larger 2011 release was intended to extend the scouring downstream. For each release, the effects on the entrance morphology, tides and salinity through the flow peak and recovery are described. Each EFR caused minor increases in depth and very minor longshore movement of the entrance channel, although each EFR had been preceded by a larger fresh flow that would have scoured the channels. The small increase in fresh water inflow in the 2010 EFR pushed salinity contours seawards and steepened vertical salinity gradients. The larger inflow in the 2011 EFR purged the upper estuary of saltwater. After the peak flow, salinity recovery was rapid in the principal estuarine channels but took weeks where poorly connected wetlands could store fresh flood waters. Critical flows for scouring the entrance and purging salinity are estimated.

scholarly journals The Victimity and Victimization: A Multivariate Sociological Categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
P.S. Zhukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Unambiguous Interpretation

the article deals with the problem of polyvariance of the sociological categories “victimization” and “victimization”. Analyzing various interpretations of these concepts, the author comes to the conclusion that to a certain extent the polyvariance of these sociological categories is due to their borrowing from criminology, in addition, this is due to their versatility, multilevel nature and the impossibility of unambiguous interpretation. Special attention is paid to the importance of sociological surveys in determining the level of victimization of the population, and for the first time the need to study victimology in the context of sociological understanding of its concepts for further sociological research of crime in general is indicated.

Mid Pleistocene arid shift in southern Australia, dated by magnetostratigraphy

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Pillans ◽  
Robert Bourman
Keyword(s):  
Marked Change ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Leeuwin Current ◽  
Polarity Transition ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Regional Climates ◽  
Regional Rainfall

In coastal sections at Hallett Cove and Sellicks Beach, south of Adelaide, and at Redbanks section on Kangaroo Island, the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity transition (780 ka) is identified in the strongly oxide-mottled Ochre Cove Formation. At all 3 sections, the Ochre Cove Formation is overlain by a calcareous grey-green aeolian clay, called Ngaltinga Clay, which in turn is overlain by calcareous sediments of the Taringa and Christies Beach Formations. The marked change from an oxide-dominated weathering regime to a carbonate-dominated weathering regime, estimated to have occurred at about 500–600 ka, is interpreted as a major arid shift in regional climates. Similar arid shifts are known from Lake Bungunnia in the Murray Basin and Lake Lefroy in southern Western Australia, where changes from lacustrine clays to evaporites and dune sediments are estimated to have occurred between 400 and 700 ka, and about 500 ka, respectively. An increase in aeolian dust accession in south-eastern Australia, consistent with increased aridity in the interior source area, occurred after 780 ka, and was probably coeval with increased dust input to Tasman Sea sediments since 350 ka. Between 600 and 900 ka, oxygen isotope fluctuations in deep-sea cores showed a pronounced change in frequency, from a 40 ka (obliquity dominated) to a 100 ka (eccentricity dominated) pattern. At the same time, glacial-interglacial amplitudes increased, with a marked enrichment of glacial d18O values consistent with larger continental based ice-sheets. Colder global temperatures, and lower sea levels during glacials, may have played a part in the mid Pleistocene arid shift recorded in southern Australia. Associated variations in the strength of the warm Leeuwin Current may also have affected regional rainfall patterns in southern Australia.

Systematics of the Australian golden trapdoor spiders of the Euoplos variabilis-group (Mygalomorphae : Idiopidae : Euoplini): parapatry and sympatry between closely related species in subtropical Queensland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Wilson ◽  
Michael G. Rix
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adequate Data

The Australian golden trapdoor spiders of the tribe Euoplini (family Idiopidae) are among the most abundant and diverse of mygalomorph lineages in subtropical eastern Australia. Throughout this highly populated area, species in the monophyletic Euoplos variabilis-group are largely ubiquitous; however, species delimitation has long proven difficult in the group because species are morphologically very similar and have parapatric or even sympatric distributions. We address these challenges in the variabilis-group, and explore the phylogeny and taxonomy of species using an integrative systematic approach. In doing so, we apply a conservative, pragmatic methodology, naming only species for which adequate data are available (namely sequence data and unequivocally linked male specimens), and explicitly stating and mapping material that could not be linked to a species, to aid future research on the group. We describe five new species from south-eastern Queensland –E. booloumba sp. nov., E. jayneae sp. nov., E. raveni sp. nov., E. regalis sp. nov. and E. schmidti sp. nov.; we redescribe two previously named species – E. similaris (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918) and E. variabilis (Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918); and we reillustrate the recently described E. grandis Wilson & Rix, 2019. The nominate species, E. variabilis, is shown to have a far smaller distribution than previously thought, and E. similaris is given a modern taxonomic description for the first time. A key to adult male specimens is also provided. This study further reveals a case of sympatry between two species within the variabilis-group; both E. raveni sp. nov. and E. schmidti sp. nov. occur in the Brisbane Valley, south of the Brisbane River – a notable result given that closely related mygalomorph species usually occur allopatrically. This work updates what is currently known of the phylogeny and diversity of one of the dominant mygalomorph lineages of subtropical eastern Australia, resolving a complex and highly endemic fauna. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A4FB92F6-EFFF-4468-B1D8-000D69923996

Drosophilidae of Australia. 4. Mycodrosophila

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Bock
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
East Asian ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The South ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
First Time

The Australian Mycodrosophila fauna comprises 21 species distributed in northern and eastern Australia to southern New South Wales. Only one species, M. argentifrons Malloch, is previously described from Australia; the south-east Asian species M. separata (de Meijere) is recorded for the first time. The remaining 19 species are new: adequate material has been available to permit the description and naming of 18 of them.

A dated molecular perspective of eucalypt taxonomy, evolution and diversification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew H. Thornhill ◽  
Michael D. Crisp ◽  
Carsten Külheim ◽  
Kristy E. Lam ◽  
Leigh A. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Penalised Likelihood ◽  
Inland Water Bodies ◽  
First Time

The eucalypts, which include Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia, are native to Australia and Malesia and include over 800 named species in a mixture of diverse and depauperate lineages. We assessed the fit of the eucalypt taxonomic classification to a phylogeny of 711 species scored for DNA sequences of plastid matK and psbA–trnH, as well as nuclear internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer. Two broadly similar topologies emerge from both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, showing Angophora nested within Corymbia, or Angophora sister to Corymbia. The position of certain species-poor groups on long branches fluctuated relative to the three major Eucalyptus subgenera, and positions of several closely related species within those subgenera were unstable and lacked statistical support. Most sections and series of Eucalyptus were not recovered as monophyletic. We calibrated these phylogenies against time, using penalised likelihood and constraints obtained from fossil ages. On the basis of these trees, most major eucalypt subgenera arose in the Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. All Eucalyptus clades with taxa occurring in south-eastern Australia have crown ages <20million years. Several eucalypt clades display a strong present-day geographic disjunction, although these clades did not have strong phylogenetic statistical support. In particular, the estimated age of the separation between the eudesmids (Eucalyptus subgenus Eudesmia) and monocalypts (Eucalyptus subgenus Eucalyptus) was consistent with extensive inland water bodies in the Eocene. Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixture rates of net species diversification accelerated in five sections of Eucalyptus subgenus Symphyomyrtus, all beginning 2–3million years ago and associated with semi-arid habitats dominated by mallee and mallet growth forms, and with open woodlands and forests in eastern Australia. This is the first time that a calibrated molecular study has shown support for the rapid diversification of eucalypts in the recent past, most likely driven by changing climate and diverse soil geochemical conditions.

FISSION TRACK THERMOCHRONOLOGY: APPLICATION TO CONTINENTAL RIFTING OF SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dumitru ◽  
K. C. Hill ◽  
D. A. Coyle ◽  
I. R. Duddy ◽  
D. A. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal History ◽  
Fission Track ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Uplift And Erosion ◽  
Track Analysis ◽  
Plate Type ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Over the last five to ten years, apatite fission track analysis has developed into a sophisticated technique for studying the low-temperature thermal history of rocks. It has particular utility in oil exploration because its temperature range of sensitivity, about 20° to 125°C, overlaps the oil generation window. Whereas older fission track thermal history approaches relied solely on the sample fission track age, the new interpretive approaches use sample age, single grain age and track length data. They also emphasise the analysis of systematic variations in data patterns in sequences of samples, such as samples from various depths in a well. Laboratory study of the thermal annealing of fission tracks and compilation of fission track data from geological case studies has greatly improved our understanding of apatite fission track systematics, allowing considerably more detailed interpretations of thermal histories.Application of apatite fission track analysis to the rifted continental margins of south-eastern Australia shows that rifting and separation of Australia from Antarctica and the Lord Howe Rise were accompanied by at least 1.5-3 km of uplift and erosion along the Tasman Sea and Bass Strait coasts. Uplift and erosion were much less 100 km or so inland. This shows that the uplift of the south-eastern Australian margins was caused by the continental rifting process, the same process that initiated major subsidence in the sedimentary basins in Bass Strait. The consistent fission track data patterns around south-eastern Australia suggest a generally similar tectonic setting for the Tasman Sea and Bass Strait parts of the margin. Lister et al. (in press) propose that the Tasman part of the margin is an upper plate type of margin that formed above a west-dipping detachment zone. The fission track data suggest that the Bass Strait part of the margin may also be of upper plate type.

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