scholarly journals The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Galgano ◽  
Kristin K. Porter ◽  
Constantine Burgan ◽  
Soroush Rais-Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Locoregional Staging

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in the United States. Imaging plays a significant role in the management of patients with BC, including the locoregional staging and evaluation for distant metastatic disease, which cannot be assessed at the time of cystoscopy and biopsy/resection. We aim to review the current role of cross-sectional and molecular imaging modalities for the staging and restaging of BC and the potential advantages and limitations of each imaging modality. CT is the most widely available and frequently utilized imaging modality for BC and demonstrates good performance for the detection of nodal and visceral metastatic disease. MRI offers potential value for the locoregional staging and evaluation of muscular invasion of BC, which is critically important for prognostication and treatment decision-making. FDG-PET/MRI is a novel hybrid imaging modality combining the advantages of both MRI and FDG-PET/CT in a single-setting comprehensive staging examination and may represent the future of BC imaging evaluation.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE ROLE OF FDG PET-CT SCAN AS A SOLE IMAGING MODALITY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUO NECK

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Krishnappa Krishnappa ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Shruti Satish ◽  
Murali R Nadig
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Pet Ct Scan

Aim:to study the role of PET- CT SCAN as a single imaging modality in the diagnosis of MUO neck. methodology: retrospective study analysis of 51 cases of clinical unknown primary with cervical metastasis . RESULTS: FDG PET CT tracer uptake was detected in 24/51. true positive in 18 cases out of 24,false positive in 6 cases, false negative in 2 cases with sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 82%,positive predictive value of 75%,negative predictive value of 93% and accuracy of 84.91%. conclusion: FDG PET CT can be used as a sole imaging modality in the diagnosis of MUO neck.it is complimentary to endoscopy.

Trends and Utilization of Inpatient Palliative Care Among Patients With Metastatic Bladder Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 082585972092493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedong Han ◽  
Feifei Yu ◽  
Cheng Wu ◽  
Lihe Dai ◽  
Yiming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metastatic Bladder Cancer ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Objective: To explore the trends and utilization of palliative care (PC) service among inpatients with metastatic bladder cancer (MBC). Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2003 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample. Palliative care was identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code V66.7. Demographics, comorbidities, hospital characteristics, tumor-related, and treatment-related factors were compared between patients with and without PC. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore predictors of PC use. Results: Among 131 852 patients with MBC, 13 224 (10.03%) received PC. Rate of PC increased from 2.49% in 2003 to 28.39% in 2014 ( P < .0001). Similarly, rate of PC in decedents increased from 7.02% in 2003 to 54.86% in 2014 ( P < .0001). Patients receiving PC were older, tendered to be white, had more comorbidities, and higher all-patient refined diagnosis-related group mortality risk. Predictors of PC included age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02; P < .0001), Medicaid (OR: 1.87; 95%.CI: 1.54-2.26; P < .0001), and private (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.40-1.84; P < .0001) insurance, hospitals in the West (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.10-1.61; P = .0032), and Mid-west (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.22-1.75; P = .0032), major (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11-1.49; P < .0001), and extreme (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 2.04-2.76; P < .0001) mortality risk. Chemotherapy and mechanical ventilation were related with lower odds of PC use. Palliative care predictors in the decedents were similar to those in overall patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions: Palliative care encounter in MBC shows an increasing trend. However, it still remains very low. Disparities in PC use covered age, insurance, and hospital characteristics among metastatic bladder cancer in the United States.

Evaluation of (18F) FDG-PET-CT for preoperative lymph-node staging of bladder cancer.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 275-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius van Essen ◽  
Joachim Grosse ◽  
David J. K. P. Pfister ◽  
Robin Epplen ◽  
Axel Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Lymph Node Staging ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Locoregional Staging

275 Background: Radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (EPLA) is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For preoperative staging computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and the small pelvis are most commonly used in daily routine.Since the aforementioned methods, have a low sensitivity to detect local lymph node metastasis (LNM) we have prospectively evaluated the role of FDG – PET/CT for locoregional staging. Methods: In 27 patients (n = 27) with known invasive urothelial carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder a staging FDG – PET - CT was performed 1-2 days prior to radical cystectomy with EPLA. Subsequently, the results of the histopathological work-up of lymph node specimens and their anatomical localisations were correlated to the FDG-PET/CT findings. Total of 452 lymph nodes were removed, on average ≈ 16.7 per patient. Results: In 3/27 (11.1%) patients LNM were detected in histopathology. 2 patients showed one positive lymph node, 1 patient had two LNM. In two of these patients, the FDG-PET/CT showed an increased enrichment of FDG in projection to the corresponding histologically positive LN. One false negative and one false positive result of FDG-PET/CT were found. Calculated based on the patient population, the following statistics were calculated: Sensitivity (SENS) 66%, specificity (SPEC) 95.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) 66%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95.8%. Related to the absolute number of LN (n = 452), the following numbers were calculated: SENS 75% SPEC 98.7, PPV 37.5%, NPV 99.7%. Conclusions: To date, few studies have been conducted with regard to FDG-PET/CT and its role in locoregional staging. The reported specificity and NPV was between 86% and 100%, sensitivity and PPV were between 50% and 100%. Our results demonstrate specificity and NPV values of larger than 90% and make FDG-PET/CT a valuable staging tool to potentially identify patients with negative nodes in whom EPLA could be safely ommitted. Curently, routine use of PET CT scans can not be recommended and it is currently tested in a prospective multicenter study including a larger patient cohort.

scholarly journals The Role of MR Enterography in Assessing Crohn’s Disease Activity and Treatment Response

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Moy ◽  
Jenny Sauk ◽  
Michael S. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Mr Enterography ◽  
Oral Contrast

MR enterography (MRE) has become the primary imaging modality in the assessment of Crohn’s disease (CD) in both children and adults at many institutions in the United States and worldwide, primarily due to its noninvasiveness, superior soft tissue contrast, and lack of ionizing radiation. MRE technique includes distention of the small bowel with oral contrast media with the acquisition of T2-weighted, balanced steady-state free precession, and multiphase T1-weighted fat suppressed gadolinium contrast-enhanced sequences. With the introduction of molecule-targeted biologic agents into the clinical setting for CD and their potential to reverse the inflammatory process, MRE is increasingly utilized to evaluate disease activity and response to therapy as an imaging complement to clinical indices or optical endoscopy. New and emerging MRE techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), magnetization transfer, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide- (USPIO-) enhanced MRI, and PET-MR, offer the potential for an expanded role of MRI in detecting occult disease activity, evaluating early treatment response/resistance, and differentiating inflammatory from fibrotic strictures. Familiarity with MR enterography is essential for radiologists and gastroenterologists as the technique evolves and is further incorporated into the clinical management of CD.

scholarly journals The Role of The Physical and Social Environment for Physical Activity for College Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Melissa Bopp ◽  
Oliver W.A. Wilson ◽  
Lucas D. Elliott ◽  
Kelsey E. Holland ◽  
Michele Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created significant disruptions for college students, impacting health and physical activity (PA). Changes to the PA environment presented many challenges for students.Purpose: To examine the influence of the physical and social environment on PA participation for college students during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions.Methods: This cross-sectional, mixed methods survey used an online questionnaire during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions with a volunteer sample of college students at a large university in the United States. Participants self-reported their demographics, PA level and environment for PA, and responded to an open-ended question about their PA participation during the pandemic. Correlations and independent samples t-tests examined relationships between PA and the environment. Qualitative data were scanned to identify overarching themes.Results: Participants (n = 395) were predominantly Non-Hispanic White and female. The neighborhood environment and access to PA equipment were associated with PA for both men and women. Major qualitative themes highlighted the role of the physical environment and PA. Participating in PA with friends and family was positively associated with PA for both men and women as well.Conclusions: This study provides insight on the importance of the social and built environment for encouraging and supporting PA among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic which may provide insight for distance education as higher education evolves.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Media Sources on COVID-19–Related Discrimination Experiences and Concerns Among Asian People in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yu ◽  
Shuya Pan ◽  
Chia-chen Yang ◽  
Jiun-Yi Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Asian People

BACKGROUND Media coverage and scholarly research have reported that Asian people who reside in the United States have been the targets of racially motivated incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the types of discrimination and worries experienced by Asians and Asian Americans living in the United States during the pandemic, as well as factors that were associated with everyday discrimination experience and concerns about future discrimination that the Asian community may face. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. A total of 235 people who identified themselves as Asian or Asian American and resided in the United States completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Our study suggested that up to a third of Asians surveyed had experienced some type of discrimination. Pooling the responses “very often,” “often,” and “sometimes,” the percentages for each experienced discrimination type ranged between 14%-34%. In total, 49%-58% of respondents expressed concerns about discrimination in the future. The most frequently experienced discrimination types, as indicated by responses “very often” and “often,” were “people act as if they think you are dangerous” (25/235, 11%) and “being treated with less courtesy or respect” (24/235, 10%). About 14% (32/235) of individuals reported very often, often, or sometimes being threatened or harassed. In addition, social media use was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing discrimination (β=.18, <i>P</i>=.01) and having concerns about future episodes of discrimination the community may face (β=.20, <i>P</i>=.005). Use of print media was also positively associated with experiencing discrimination (β=.31, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided important empirical evidence regarding the various types of discrimination Asians residing in the United States experienced or worried about during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between media sources and the perception of racial biases in this group was also identified. We noted the role of social media in reinforcing the perception of discrimination experience and concerns about future discrimination among Asians during this outbreak. Our results indicate several practical implications for public health agencies. To reduce discrimination against Asians during the pandemic, official sources and public health professionals should be cognizant of the possible impacts of stigmatizing cues in media reports on activating racial biases. Furthermore, Asians or Asian Americans could also be informed that using social media to obtain COVID-19 information is associated with an increase in concerns about future discrimination, and thus they may consider approaching this media source with caution.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Role of Ultrasonography in Right Iliac Fossa Pathologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Mishal Javaid ◽  
Ayesha Tariq ◽  
Hiba Noreen Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Symptom Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Right Iliac Fossa Pain

Ultrasound is often the imaging modality of choice in patients with acute right iliac fossa pain.  Right iliac fossa pain remains the commonest clinical dilemma encountered by general surgeons. The management of acute right iliac fossa pain is audited, examining the relationship between symptom duration, use of pre-operative radiological imaging and patient outcome. Objective: To determine the diagnostic role of ultrasonography in Right Iliac Fossa pathologies. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Department of Radiology in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Duration of study was from March 2018 to November 2018. 85 patients with Right Iliac Fossa pain selected through convenient sampling technique. Statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 22.0) is used for the analysis of data. Conclusion: The results in the study reflect findings from high volume emergency surgical departments and patients of pain in right iliac fossa demonstrating that unfocussed abdominal and pelvic ultrasounds are not an appropriate use of resources in patients with Right iliac fossa pain. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 382-386  

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