scholarly journals New Predictive Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Ghofraan Abdulsalam Atallah ◽  
Nor Haslinda Abd. Aziz ◽  
Chew Kah Teik ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Shafiee ◽  
Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Surgical Debulking ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Treatment Response

Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. This review not only highlights current evidence-based ovarian-cancer-specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers but also provides an update on various technologies and methods currently used to identify novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Signaling Pathway: An Update on Molecular Biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warut Tulalamba ◽  
Tavan Janvilisri
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Barr Virus Infection

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon cancer, which has a distinctive ethnic and geographic distribution. Etiology of NPC is considered to be related with a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors as well as Epstein-Barr virus infection. Since NPC is located in the silent painless area, the disease is usually therefore diagnosed at the advanced stages; hence early detection of NPC is difficult. Furthermore, understanding in molecular pathogenesis is still lacking, pondering the identification of effective prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Dysregulation of signaling molecules in intracellular signal transduction, which regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion, underlines the basis of NPC pathogenesis. In this paper, the molecular signaling pathways in the NPC are discussed for the holistic view of NPC development and progression. The important insights toward NPC pathogenesis may offer strategies for identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Circulating and Tissue microRNAs as Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer Prognosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1447-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Maryam Ghandehari ◽  
Malihe Hasanzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Reza Parizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Different Tissues

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers globally with a high rate of cancer- associated mortality. OC may be classified into epithelial cell neoplasms, germ cell neoplasms and stromal cell neoplasms. The five-year survival in the early and advanced stages of disease is approximately 90% and 15%, respectively. microRNAs are short, single-stranded, non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA). miRNAs play critical roles in post transcriptionally regulations of gene expression. miRNAs are found in different tissues and body fluids. In carcinogenesis the expression of miRNAs are altered. Recent studies have revealed that there is a relationship between alteration of miRNAs expression and the prognosis of patients with OC. The aim of this review was to summarize the findings of recent studies that have investigated the expression of circulating and tissue miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the prognosis of OC.

Novel biomarkers for prediction of poor treatment response in heart failure to guide therapy

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thong Cao Huy ◽  
Paulene A Quinn ◽  
Jatinderpal K Sandhu ◽  
Adriaan A Voors ◽  
Chim C Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Treatment Response

scholarly journals Prospective evaluation of 92 serum protein biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trasias Mukama ◽  
Renée Turzanski Fortner ◽  
Verena Katzke ◽  
Lucas Cory Hynes ◽  
Agnese Petrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Good Discrimination ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Abstract Background CA125 is the best available yet insufficiently sensitive biomarker for early detection of ovarian cancer. There is a need to identify novel biomarkers, which individually or in combination with CA125 can achieve adequate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of earlier-stage ovarian cancer. Methods In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, we measured serum levels of 92 preselected proteins for 91 women who had blood sampled ≤18 months prior to ovarian cancer diagnosis, and 182 matched controls. We evaluated the discriminatory performance of the proteins as potential early diagnostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer. Results Nine of the 92 markers; CA125, HE4, FOLR1, KLK11, WISP1, MDK, CXCL13, MSLN and ADAM8 showed an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ≥0.70 for discriminating between women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and women who remained cancer-free. All, except ADAM8, had shown at least equal discrimination in previous case-control comparisons. The discrimination of the biomarkers, however, was low for the lag-time of >9–18 months and paired combinations of CA125 with any of the 8 markers did not improve discrimination compared to CA125 alone. Conclusion Using pre-diagnostic serum samples, this study identified markers with good discrimination for the lag-time of 0–9 months. However, the discrimination was low in blood samples collected more than 9 months prior to diagnosis, and none of the markers showed major improvement in discrimination when added to CA125.

Indications for Minimally Invasive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest S. Han ◽  
Mark Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Surgical Debulking ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Cancer Laparoscopy ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Early Stage Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages and typically managed with surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy. For patients with presumed early-stage ovarian cancer, comprehensive surgical staging is essential for management, because 31% are upstaged. Over the past 15 years, minimally invasive techniques have improved and are increasingly being used to treat patients with ovarian cancer. Currently, only retrospective data support laparoscopic staging of patients with a suspicious adnexal mass or those surgically diagnosed with presumed early-stage ovarian cancer. Laparoscopy is also used in patients undergoing second-look procedures and to help evaluate whether patients should undergo optimal tumor debulking procedures or be initially managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Randomized clinical studies are needed to further support the role of minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications of Serum Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouba Ali-Fehmi ◽  
Eman Abdulfatah
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Brca1 Brca2

Ovarian cancer, the most aggressive gynecological malignancy, presents at advanced stages with metastatic disease. Diagnosis at an early stage is the most important determinant of survival; however, the majority of patients are asymptomatic at early stages and the current diagnostic tools used in clinics show limited success in early detection and hence the need for new diagnostic biomarkers. With the advance of techniques in genomic and proteomics, numerous biomarkers are emerging which may serve as a platform for early detection of ovarian cancer. These include gene-, protein-, miRNAs, and metabolite- based biomarkers. Examples of gene-based biomarkers include HE4, FLOR1, p16INK4a, BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, and MSH2. Protein- based biomarkers include leptin, prolactin, osteopontin, IGF-II, and MIF. This chapter discusses the serum tumor markers (CA-125) in current use for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer as well as the novel biomarkers that are under investigation and validation.

scholarly journals Radiomics Analysis in Ovarian Cancer: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7833
Author(s):  
Francesca Arezzo ◽  
Vera Loizzi ◽  
Daniele La Forgia ◽  
Marco Moschetta ◽  
Alberto Stefano Tagliafico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Us ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Insight Into

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynecological malignancy, accounting for about 14,000 deaths in 2020 in the US. The recognition of tools for proper screening, early diagnosis, and prognosis of OC is still lagging. The application of methods such as radiomics to medical images such as ultrasound scan (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) in OC may help to realize so-called “precision medicine” by developing new quantification metrics linking qualitative and/or quantitative data imaging to achieve clinical diagnostic endpoints. This narrative review aims to summarize the applications of radiomics as a support in the management of a complex pathology such as ovarian cancer. We give an insight into the current evidence on radiomics applied to different imaging methods.

miR ‐181a overexpression predicts the poor treatment response and early‐progression of serous ovarian cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 3560-3573
Author(s):  
Konstantina Panoutsopoulou ◽  
Margaritis Avgeris ◽  
Paraskevi Magkou ◽  
Konstantinos Mavridis ◽  
Tobias Dreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Early Progression ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment Response

scholarly journals A review of Tumor Treating Fields and their future implication in treatment of platinum resistant ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Svokos ◽  
Jino Park ◽  
Steven A Toms
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Tumor Treating Fields ◽  
Platinum Resistant ◽  
Surgical Debulking ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Future Implication

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst gynecologic malignancies. Due to the lack of screening tests and early detection, most cases of ovarian cancer are diagnosed in advanced stages. Treatment of patients includes multidisciplinary approaches that include surgical debulking and chemoradiation therapy. Recently, there have been emerging clinical trials that are investigating the use of Tumor treating fields (TTFields) in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are a novel, non-invasive cancer treatment modality targeted towards inhibition of solid tumor growth.1,2 The use of TTFields was initially approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. In this article, we will be providing an overview of TTFields, including its mechanism of action, burgeoning application in the management of solid tumors, and promising potential in the treatment of patients with platinum resistant ovarian cancer.

Identification of Genes and Genetic Variants Associated with Poor Treatment Response in Patients with Prostate Cancer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Cannon-Albright ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Craig Teerlink
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment Response
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