Correlation of Blood and Salivary pH Levels in Healthy, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis Patients before and after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy

Periodontitis is an infectious illness which leads to the inflammation of protective tissues around the teeth and the continuous loss of alveolar bone and conjunctive tissue. Biomarker analysis in serum and saliva helps in the evaluation of disease progression and activity. It is also established that every inflammatory change along with resultant damage of tissues ends up in altered pH values in the fluids and tissues. Aim: To correlate the connection of pH levels in both blood as well as saliva in healthy, periodontitis, and gingivitis patients. Materials and Methods: The current research involved 145 subjects amidst the age of 20 and 55 years. The subjects were split into three different groups: healthy (Group A), gingivitis (Group B), and finally chronic periodontitis (Group C). The recording of clinical parameters was done by gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PI). pH of saliva and blood was analyzed with the help of digital single electrode pH meter. Subjects have gone through scaling and root planning (SRP) coupled with the instructions of oral hygiene. They were recalled post 4 weeks, and saliva and blood samples were gathered for analyzing pH. Results: Clinical parameters GI and PI were statistically important in both group C as well as group B post SRP. A crucial change has been observed in attachment levels (AL) and PD in the case of periodontitis group post SRP. The difference in the salivary pH values were significant between group B vs. C and A vs. C before the treatment because the values for group C were acidic, whereas in groups B and A the pH was alkaline. After the treatment, the values were still significant because the pH has become more alkaline compared to preoperative value in both group B and C. Saliva’s pH levels have demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in group C post SRP. Conclusion: Salivary pH levels and blood evidently became alkaline in the group C patients post SRP and there is a positive correlation between them and the clinical parameters.

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Quantitative Assessment of Gingival Inflammation in Patients Undergoing Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Using Photometric CIELab Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6615603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Deepti Shrivastava ◽

Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽

Kiran Kumar Ganji ◽

Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽

Ibrahim Al Zoubi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Digital Photographs ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Visual inspection and gingival indices have been traditionally used for diagnosis of gingival inflammation. These methods are prone for subjective variability. Thus, the study is aimed at evaluating gingival inflammation quantitatively by using CIELab colour space value obtained from digital photographs. An experimental study was conducted with 27 patients each in group A (gingivitis) and group B (chronic periodontitis, CP). Preoperative and postoperative (1 month) photographs of maxillary anterior sextant were recorded to evaluate CIELab coordinate values. Simultaneously, clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal probing depth (PPD) along with indices such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were evaluated before and after the nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Data was presented as the mean ± SD , and a paired t -test was used for the testing hypothesis with p < 0.05 considered as significant. Data analysis was carried out with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. A significant reduction ( p < 0.001 ) is seen in all the clinical parameters and indices before and after the intervention in chronic periodontitis patients. Similar results were seen in gingivitis patients ( p < 0.001 ) except for PPD. A significant ( p < 0.001 ) reduction in postoperative values of the a ∗ and b ∗ coordinates was seen in CP patients; whereas, only the a ∗ coordinate value reported a significant ( p < 0.001 ) reduction in the gingivitis group of patients. The Δ E of the gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups was 2.25 and 2.96, respectively. Within the confinements of the study, estimating the gingival colour with the help of CIELab values taken via digital photographs can be an excellent valuable tool to assess the gingival colour as a sign of gingival inflammation.

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Anal sphincter dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: an observation manometric study

Open Medicine ◽

10.1515/med-2016-0088 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 509-517 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvia Marola ◽

Alessia Ferrarese ◽

Enrico Gibin ◽

Marco Capobianco ◽

Antonio Bertolotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Fecal Incontinence ◽

Anal Pressure ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Resting Anal Pressure ◽

Group B ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽

Group D

AbstractConstipation, obstructed defecation, and fecal incontinence are frequent complaints in multiple sclerosis. The literature on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders is scant. Using anorectal manometry, we compared the anorectal function in patients with and without multiple sclerosis.136 patients referred from our Center for Multiple Sclerosis to the Coloproctology Outpatient Clinic, between January 2005 and December 2011, were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups: multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group A); multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group B); non-multiple sclerosis patients with constipation (group C); non-multiple sclerosis patients with fecal incontinence (group D). Anorectal manometry was performed to measure: resting anal pressure; maximum squeeze pressure; rectoanal inhibitory reflex; filling pressure and urge pressure. The difference between resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers was defined as the change in resting anal pressure calculated for each patient.ResultsGroup A patients were noted to have greater sphincter hypotonia at rest and during contraction compared with those in group C (p=0.02); the rectal sensitivity threshold was lower in group B than in group D patients (p=0.02). No voluntary postcontraction sphincter relaxation was observed in either group A or group B patients (p=0.891 and p=0.939, respectively).ConclusionsThe decrease in the difference in resting anal pressure before and after maximum squeeze maneuvers suggests post-contraction sphincter spasticity, indicating impaired pelvic floor coordination in multiple sclerosis patients. A knowledge of manometric alterations in such patients may be clinically relevant in the selection of patients for appropriate treatments and for planning targeted rehabilitation therapy.

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Effect of cissus quadrangularis linn and zingiber officinale rosc in osteoarthritis patients

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173558 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3540

Author(s):

J. Viswanath ◽

Chakrapani Cheekavolu ◽

S. Sankaraiah ◽

Renu Dixit

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Cissus Quadrangularis ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. or Zingiber officinalis Rosc. or in combination treatment of osteoarthritis which reduces joint pain, joint swelling and tenderness without risk of side effects.Methods: Total 60 patients were selected and divided into 3 groups (each group consist of 20 patients); data were collected before and after treatment of following groups: Group A-Cissus quadrangularis linn-5gm; Group B- Zingiber officinale rosc-5gm; Group C-Treatment of Cissus quadrangularis linn combined with Zingiber officinale rosc-5 gm/dose twice a day with luke warm water.Results: 60 % cases of joint pain were relieved at the end of the treatment in group B & C, in group A 50%, reduction in joint pain extremely significant in all groups A, B, C (p<0.0001). ‘C’ 80%, ‘A’ 15% and ‘B’5% reduction in symptom of Joint swelling and which is very significant in group A, and group B (p<0.001) and extremely significant in group C (p<0.0001). Symptom of tenderness ‘C’ 90%, ‘A’ 85%, and ‘B’ 10% cases were relived from the complaint. The difference in tenderness is statistically extremely significant when compared between groups (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Present study reveals that, significant reduction of joint pain, joint swelling and tenderness after treatment of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. or Zingiber officinalis Rosc. and extremely significant reduction of joint swelling and tenderness in combination therapy.

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Micro RNA-146a effect on Periodontitis is Independent on OPG/RANKL Axis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-598474/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mandana Sattari ◽

Somayeh Ghotloo ◽

Ramezan-Ali Taheri ◽

Reza ArefNezhad ◽

Hossein Motedayyen

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Micro Rna ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Independent Mechanism ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Background MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) is a regulator of inflammatory response. Periodontitis is a disease with immune pathophysiology of the periodontium in which the inflammation results in the destruction of the soft tissues and alveolar bone. Therefore, this study was investigated whether miR-146a may contribute to periodontitis through affecting the levels of OPG and RANKL. Methods The levels of miR-146a, RANKL, and OPG in gingival tissues from patients with generalized periodontitis stages II and III and grades A and B (n = 15, group A), patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV and grade C (n = 15, group B), and healthy individuals (n = 10) were determined by real-time PCR. The associations of miR-146a expression with OPG and RANKL levels were evaluated. Results The levels of miR-146a in two subgroups within periodontitis patients were significantly higher than healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). MiR-146a showed the increased level in group A of patients compared with group B (P < 0.05). Clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were significantly higher in patients than control group (P < 0.05). The levels of OPG and RANKL were increased in patients compared with healthy subjects, although the elevated levels were not statistically significant. MiR-146a was not associated with the levels of OPG and RANKL. Conclusion The results of this study failed to show the effect of miR-146a on the pathophysiology of disease through OPG/RANKL axis. Clinical Relevancy: MiR-146a may participate in the pathophysiology of disease through independent mechanism(s) of OPG/RANKL axis.

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Airway Clearance in Bronchiectasis: A Randomized Control Trial of N-Acetylcysteine with 3% hypertonic saline

Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College ◽

10.35787/jimdc.v8i3.389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran Shehzad ◽

Muhammad Atiq Ul Mannan ◽

Masood Alam ◽

Abdul Rauf ◽

Muhammad Imran Sharif

Keyword(s):

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Airway Clearance ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Background: N-Acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline are being used effectively for sputum clearance in chronic cases of bronchiectasis for quite some time. However, their use in acute condition of the disease seems to be underexplored. The objective of our study is to compare the role of nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline in clearing the airway in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis. Material and Methods: A total of 136 confirmed cases of bronchiectasis were enrolled in this study. This randomized controlled trial was done in chest ward of Nishtar Hospital Multan from January 2015 to March 2017. Sampling was done by non-probability consecutive sampling and patients were divided into two groups A and B by lottery method. Verbal informed consent was taken from all participants. Group A participants received nebulization of N acetylcysteine mixed in normal saline for ten minutes, while group B participants were nebulized with 10ml of 3% hypertonic saline for ten minutes. Group B was active control group in the study. Data was collected on pre-designed Proforma, and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Numerical variables such as saturation, weight of sputum, age and blood pressure was analyzed by using t test. These were considered significant if the p value was equal or less than 0 .05. For qualitative variables chi square test was applied. Results: The mean O2 saturation of Group A, before and after treatment, was 92.11±3.07% and 94.47±2.18%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The sputum weight of Group A, before and after treatment, was 2.63±2.39 g and 7.41±1.38 g, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.001). The frequency of rhonchi of Group A, before and after treatment, was 52% and 76%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.003). While, for Group B, the mean O2 saturation, before and after treatment, was 92.36±3.13% and 93.49±2.27%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p value =0.012). The sputum weight, before and after treatment, was 3.11±2.01 g and 5.56±1.02 g, respectively. The frequency of rhonchi, before and after treatment, was 45% and 74% respectively. Again, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Both nebulized N-acetylcysteine and 3% hypertonic saline cause airway clearance by enhancing sputum expectoration in patients with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis equally. Both these agents also improve oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis significantly.

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The Impact of Artificial Aging on the Color Stability and Hardness of Nanocomposite Resin

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2021.722131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Likai Wang ◽

Yan Zheng

Keyword(s):

Artificial Aging ◽

Color Stability ◽

Color Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Hardness Change ◽

The Difference ◽

American Society ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of artificial aging on the color stability and hardness of nanocomposite resin.Methods: Four nanocomposite resin materials were used: Filtek Z350 XT (FZ), Synergy D6 (SD), Grandio (GD), and Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CM). Thirty specimens were created from each material, which were divided into three (A,B,C) groups of 10 specimens each. For each material, the values of visual lightness (L*), degree of redness and greenness (a*), and degree of yellowness and blueness (b*) of the specimens in group A before and after aging, as well as the hardness of the specimens in group B before aging and in group C after aging, were measured. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G155 Cycle 1 standard was adopted to test the aging of the specimens. The color difference (ΔE00) value and hardness difference (ΔH) value of the specimens before and after aging were calculated.Results: Aging was found to have an impact on the ΔE00 values of the resin materials in each group (H = 17.6, p = 0.001), and the hardness of the specimens in each group after artificial aging was significantly higher than before aging (p < 0.05). The difference in ΔE00 between the FZ group and the SD, GD, and CM groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The FZ group had the highest ΔE00 values. There was no correlation between ΔE00 and the hardness change percentage after aging (r = 0.114).Conclusion: Among the four nanocomposite resins tested in this study, except for Filtek Z350 XT’s ΔE00 values (>1.8) in the clinically unacceptable range, the remaining three kinds of resin ΔE00 values (<1.8) were all in the clinically acceptable range. The hardness of the four nanocomposite resins increased after aging. The results of the present study revealed that there was no correlation between ΔE00 and hardness change percentage in the four nanocomposite resin materials after aging.

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Comparative studies on mydriatic effect of tropicamide 0.8% and phenylephrin 5.0% in teenagers & geriatric people

International Journal of Research in Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.33974/ijrhcp.v1i2.112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

K. Diwakar ◽

Y. Sailaja ◽

V. Palanivel ◽

Shaik Baba Fakruddin ◽

T. Gangadhara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pupil Size ◽

Age Groups ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Study Population ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Pupillary Size ◽

Two Age Groups

Prospective study on the comparison of mydiriatic effect of Tropicamide 0.8% and Phenylephrine 5% in teenagers and geriatric people was carried out in suthrama Eye Hospital madanapalle, India. The main objective of this study was to compare the mydriatic effect of a combination of drug in teenagers and geriatric people. It also evaluated the ADR’s produced and the efficacy of the drug in two age groups. In this study population majority of the subjects were female in group A and male in group B. Among the whole population under study in group A and B no one has reported with any case of congenital anomalies. A number of ADR’s are reported but no serious adverse events had occurred. The study was carried out in 100 eyes ie. 50 subjects whom are divided into 2 groups based on age. The comparison of mydriatic effect was done in each group after instilling one drop of a combination of 0.08% Tropicamide and 0.5% Phenynilephrine. The pupillary size where measured before and after administration of drug and the results were compared. The results showed that there is a large difference in the normal pupil size between teenagers and geriatric people. After dilation the difference in pupil size was statistically significant among the two groups. The study concludes that the pupillary dilation produced by administering 0.8% Tropicamide and 5% Phenylephrine produces higher mydriatic effect in teenagers than geriatric people.

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Study on the Correlation between Salivary pH and the Use of Mouthrinses in Young Adults

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.3.7069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 1085-1088

Author(s):

Livia Bobu ◽

Roxana Vasluianu ◽

Elena Raluca Baciu ◽

Bogdan Bulancea ◽

Alice Murariu

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sodium Fluoride ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between salivary (flow rate, pH) and clinical (GI, PI) parameters and the use of two common mouthrinses in young adults. A total of ninety subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e. group A -Listerine�, group B -0.05% sodium fluoride, and group C -distilled water. After 6 weeks of using the corresponding mouthrinses twice a day, the results showed that Listerine� produced the highest increase of the salivary pH (7.58�0.043) and flow rate (0.82�0.280) and the highest decrease of the GI (0.79�0.177) and PI (1.30�0.375). Significant correlations (p[0.05) were found between the use of mouthrinses and the salivary and clinical parameters examined.

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Effect of Xinjiang UyghurVernonia anthelminticaWilld Injection Treatment with Silicosis Fibrosis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/5139651 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guitao Liu ◽

Yingjia Liu ◽

Lu Jin ◽

Cuidong Li ◽

Liping Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyloid Beta ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Tree Model ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Alpha Chain ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Objective. To observe the curative effect of VAWI on Xinjiang Uygur patients with silicosis fibrosis.Methods. After we diagnosed the 40 patients with the first phase of silicosis, we randomly divided them into two groups: the basic treatment group (group A,n=20) and the VAWI group (group B,n=20). At the same time, we selected the age-matched healthy patients (n=20). We applied the combined protein chip with SELDI-TOF-MS to carry out the serum analysis. The data were analyzed throughout data preprocessing, difference in PEAK screening, hierarchical cluster analysis, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We built decision tree model and predict the difference between the PEAK corresponding proteins.Results. The proteins peaks corresponding to name, predicted protein, and gene name were as follows: M2001_69, amyloid beta a4 protein, APP, and M2017_02, amyloid beta a4 protein, APP. The different expression of proteins in patients with silicosis was found before and after with VAWI treatment. The predicted proteins were as follows: M1982_50, amyloid beta a4 protein, APP; M3164_50, fibrinogen alpha chain frag, FGA; M3379_28, fibrinogen alpha chain frag, FGA; and so on.Conclusion. VAWI presented curative effect on patients with silicosis fibrosis via the alternation of proteins expression in serum.

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Comparing the Efficacy of Plaque Removal between Salvadora persica (Miswak) and Manual Toothbrush in 12 to 15 Years School Children

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Aruna M Devi ◽

Pooja Hampannavar ◽

G Radha ◽

Sushi Kadanakuppe ◽

SR Nagashree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Base Line ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Plaque Removal ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Manual Toothbrush ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the efficacy of plaque removal between chewing stick (Miswak—Salvadora persica) and manual toothbrush in 12 to 15 years old school children. Methods A randomized, examiner-blind, parallel design study was conducted over a 2-month period, among 12 to 15 years old students of Sri Sajjan Rao Vidya Samasthe, Bengaluru. A sample size of 60 subjects was randomly allocated into two groups, 30 subjects in group A (manual toothbrush) and 30 subjects in group B (chewing stick). The plaque index (Turesky et al, modified Quigley Hein plaque index) was used for base line, pre- and postintervention assessment. Then the data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis and the test used was Student-t test. Results The results were given separately for between and within group comparison. The difference in mean PI score between toothbrush users and tooth stick users is found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Higher mean PI score was found in tooth stick users compared to toothbrush users and the mean difference was statistically significant. The difference in mean PI score in both the groups, before and after intervention was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion Manual toothbrush and Miswak tooth sticks (Salvadora persica) both are effective in removal of plaque, but manual toothbrush was more effective than Miswak tooth stick, which was statistically significant.

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