scholarly journals Development of an Analytical Line Source Dispersion Model to Predict Ground Level Concentrations for Particulate Matter (PM) of Different Particle Size Ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha Madiraju ◽  
Ashok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Analytical Line ◽  
Mobile Source ◽  
Crystal Ball ◽  
Mobile Sources

Particulate matter (PM) is released in varying quantities from mobile sources depending on the type of fossil fuel used in combustion. According to the USEPA, PM exposure could cause a variety of problems such as premature deaths, nonfatal heart attacks, irregular heartbeat, asthma, reduced lung function, and respiratory issues. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the downwind concentrations near highways from mobile sources to protect the public from adverse health effects. The current study concentrates on developing an analytical line source dispersion model to account for different particle size ranges for particulate matter released from mobile sources. Available line source models do not explicitly consider different ranges of particle sizes present in the exhaust. The present study discusses the development of a dispersion model to predict downwind concentrations of PM by incorporating a range of particle sizes for an infinite and a finite-length mobile source. The dry deposition of particles is also considered during development. The emission rate, wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric turbulence, and dry deposition velocity of the particles are the model inputs. The sensitivity of the model is determined by simultaneously varying the independent input variables using Monte Carlo simulation by Crystal Ball software. The sensitivity analysis results generated using Crystal Ball are preliminary in nature and should be re-examined.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the On-Road Mobile Sources Contribution to Particulate Matter Air Pollution by AERMOD Dispersion Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12748
Author(s):  
Jozef Salva ◽  
Miroslav Vanek ◽  
Marián Schwarz ◽  
Milada Gajtanska ◽  
Peter Tonhauzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Air Quality Management ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Ambient Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

On-road mobile sources of emissions make important contributions to particulate matter pollution (PM2.5–PM10) in cities. The quantification of such pollution is, however, highly challenging due to the number of interacting factors that affect emissions such as vehicle category, emission standard, vehicle speed and weather conditions. The proper identification of individual sources of emission is particularly necessary for air quality management areas. In this study, we estimated exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related PM2.5 and PM10 contributions to total ambient pollution in Banská Bystrica (Slovak republic) by simulation based on the AERMOD dispersion model. Emission rates of particular vehicle categories were obtained through vehicle population statistics, traffic data survey and emission factors from the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. Continuous PM10 and PM2.5 data from air quality monitoring stations were analysed for the years 2019–2020 and compared with modelled concentrations. The annual concentration values of PM2.5 and PM10 in the study area reached 16.71 μg/m3 and 15.57 μg/m3, respectively. We found that modelled PM2.5 peak concentration values exceeded the WHO air quality guideline annual mean limit. Traffic-related PM2.5 and PM10 contributions to ambient pollution at the reference point located nearby to a busy traffic route were approximately 25% and 17%, respectively. The reference point located outside the main transport corridors showed an approximately 11% contribution, both for PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. The simulations showed that PM pollution is greatly contributed to by on-road mobile sources of emissions in the study area, and especially non-exhaust emissions, which require serious attention in association with their health impacts and the selection of Banská Bystrica as an air quality management area.

scholarly journals Application and validation of a line-source dispersion model to estimate small scale traffic-related particulate matter concentrations across the conterminous US

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff D. Yanosky ◽  
Jared Fisher ◽  
Duanping Liao ◽  
Donghyun Rim ◽  
Randy Vander Wal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Small Scale

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

Incorporation of micro/nanoparticles of PCL with essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in bacterial cellulose

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Aline Krindges ◽  
Vanusca Dalosto Jahno ◽  
Fernando Morisso
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Static Culture ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Incorporation studies of particles in different substrates with herbal assets growing. The objective of this work was the preparation and characterization of micro/nanoparticles containing cymbopogon nardus essential oil; and the incorporation of them on bacterial cellulose. For the development of the membranes was used the static culture medium and for the preparation of micro/nanoparticles was used the nanoprecipitation methodology. The incorporation of micro/nanoparticles was performed on samples of bacterial cellulose in wet and dry form. For the characterization of micro/nanoparticles were carried out analysis of SEM, zeta potential and particle size. For the verification of the incorporation of particulate matter in cellulose, analyses were conducted of SEM and FTIR. The results showed that it is possible the production and incorporation of micro/nanoparticles containing essential oil in bacterial cellulose membranes in wet form with ethanol.

ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT VOLUME DAN JENIS KENDARAAN TERHADAP KONSENTRASI PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) (STUDI KASUS: JL. SUTAN SYAHRIR, JL. AHMAD YANI DAN JL. KOM. YOS. SUDARSO KOTA PONTIANAK)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridwan Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Data Volume

ABSTRAK Perkembangan Kota Pontianak yang semakin pesat, ditambah dengan perkembangan penduduk yang semakin meningkat, telah membuat sistem transportasi jalan raya mengalami tingkat kompleksitas yang tinggi , salah satu dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah pencemaran udara perkotaan. Particulate Matter (PM10) merupakan salah satu bentuk zat pencemar yang disebabkan oleh sektor transportasi tersebutserta dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan khususnya pada sistem pernapasan. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat konsentrasi partikulat udara (Particulate Matter (PM10)) khususnya di Jalan Sutan Syahrir, Jalan Ahmad Yani dan Jalan Kom. Yos. Sudarso Jeruju Kota Pontianak. Ketiga lokasi penelitian tersebut dipilih untuk mewakili peruntukkan tata guna lahan yang berbeda yaitu Jalan Sutan Syahrir berlokasi di pinggiran kota, Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani berlokasi di tengah kota, dan Jalan Kom. Yos. Sudarso Jeruju yang berlokasi di kawasan industri. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang didapat dari BLHD Provinsi Kalbar yaitu data volume kendaraan yang melintas pada ketiga jalan tersebut. Jenis-jenis kendaraan dibagi menjadi 4 golongan yaitu golongan 1 (sepeda motor), golongan 2 (sedan, angkot, pickup), golongan 3 (bis mikro, bis), golongan 4 (truck 2 as 4 roda, truck 2 as 6 roda, truck 3 as, truk 4 as, trailer).Metode penelitian yang digunakan terbagi menjadi 2 bagian, yaitu perhitungan (perhitungan beban laju emisi transportasi dan konsentrasi Particulate Matter (PM10) dengan rumus dispersi Gaussian untuk Line Source serta analisis korelasi data untuk memperoleh hubungan antara jumlah kendaraan dengan konsentrasi Particulate Matter (PM10) menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 16. Dari hasil analisis, bahwa jenis kendaraan golongan 1 memiliki kontribusi yang paling besar terhadap konsentrasi Particulate Matter (PM10) yaitu dengan konsentrasi terbesar yaitu 901425,466 dimana nilai konsentrasi tersebut melebihi Ambang Batas Baku Mutu Udara Ambien Nasional yaitu 150 , hal ini dikarenakan sepeda motor memiliki jumlah yang paling banyak apabila dibandingkan dengan kendaraan lain di ketiga jalan tersebut. Kendaraan golongan 2 memiliki jumlah terbanyak kedua diikuti dengan golongan 4 dan 3. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa jumlah kendaraan total memang mempengaruhi konsentrasi Particulate Matter (PM10) pada Jalan Sutan Syahrir, Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani dan Jalan Kom. Yos Sudarso dilihat dari hasil korelasinya yang mendekati nilai 1 (positif kuat) yaitu 0,963 dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 16. Kata Kunci :Particulate Matter (PM10), Golongan Kendaraan, Korelasi.

Physical and bacterial processes affecting suspended particulate matter in a tidal river

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Yasunori Kozuki ◽  
Yoshihiko Hosoi ◽  
Hitoshi Murakami ◽  
Katuhiro Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Size Change ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
And Behavior

In order to clarify the origin and behavior of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in a tidal river, variation of SPM in a tidal river was investigated with regard to its size and constituents. SPM was separated into three groups according to size. Change of contents of titanium and organic substances of each group of SPM was examined. SPM which was discharged by run-off was transported with decomposition and sedimentation in a tidal river. Concentration of SPM with a particle size greater than 0.45 μm increased due to resuspension in a tidal river. Origin of SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm at upstream areas was from natural soil and most of such SPM which had been transported settled near a river mouth. It was determined from examination of the CN ratio and the ratio of the number of attached bacteria to free bacteria that SPM with a size greater than 1.0 μm at upstream areas was decomposing intensively. At the downstream areas, SPM with a size of less than 0.45 μm came from the sea. SPM with particle size greater than 1.0 μm consisted of plankton and substances which were decomposed sufficiently while flowing.

scholarly journals Effect of particle size on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Prasedya ◽  
A. Frediansyah ◽  
N. W. R. Martyasari ◽  
B. K. Ilhami ◽  
A. S. Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

AbstractSample particle size is an important parameter in the solid–liquid extraction system of natural products for obtaining their bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effect of sample particle size on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of brown macroalgae Sargassum cristaefolium. The crude ethanol extract was extracted from dried powders of S.cristeafolium with various particle sizes (> 4000 µm, > 250 µm, > 125 µm, > 45 µm, and < 45 µm). The ethanolic extracts of S.cristaefolium were analysed for Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant activities. The extract yield and phytochemical composition were more abundant in smaller particle sizes. Furthermore, the TPC (14.19 ± 2.08 mg GAE/g extract to 43.27 ± 2.56 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (9.6 ± 1.8 mg QE/g extract to 70.27 ± 3.59 mg QE/g extract) values also significantly increased as particle sizes decreased. In addition, phenolic compounds epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC), and Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) concentration were frequently increased in samples of smaller particle sizes based on two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison analysis. These results correlate with the significantly stronger antioxidant activity in samples with smaller particle sizes. The smallest particle size (< 45 µm) demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity based on DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl assay and FRAP. In addition, ramp function graph evaluates the desired particle size for maximum phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity is 44 µm. In conclusion, current results show the importance of particle size reduction of macroalgae samples to increase the effectivity of its biological activity.

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