scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Instrumentation System Applied to an Electrolytic Cell

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gemírson de Paula dos Reis ◽  
Saulo Neves Matos ◽  
Alan Kardek Rêgo Segundo ◽  
Elisângela Martins Leal ◽  
Robson Lage Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Term Energy

Humanity’s growing long-term energy demand will be the opportunity for new energy generation sources. In this scenario, the use of hydrogen as an energy source has become an interesting alternative to energy production, as the use of fossil fuels can lead to harmful consequences, such as the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper presents the development of a low-cost instrumentation system for monitoring the temperature, current, voltage, and gas flow rate of a dry electrolytic cell. Through the electrolysis process, the cell generates a hydrogen-rich gas which is used as an additive in an internal combustion engine to reduce pollutant gas emissions and primary fuel consumption. The measured variables are presented as a function of the time to analyze the behavior of the electrolyzer. The main advance reported in this work is related to the use of a low-cost sensor for a hydrogen-rich gas flow measurement, in which calibration was performed indirectly using a rotameter as a reference. The calibration curve adjusted to the experimental data by linear regression presented a coefficient of determination of 0.9957. Thus, the use of the low-cost sensor is a feasible alternative for measuring the electrolysis gas generated by the cell.

Investigation on NiWO4/PANI Composite as Electrode Material for Energy Storage Devices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rajkumar ◽  
S Gowri ◽  
S Dhineshkumar ◽  
Princy Merlin Johnson ◽  
Anandaraj Sathiyan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Pani Composite ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Inorganic Components

With the fast exhaustion of fossil fuels, the need for new energy storage materials to meet the world's massive energy demand has inclined tremendously. Inorganic components with conducting polymer based...

KW Level Wind Turbine Wind Tracking and Yaw System

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Xu Gang Wang ◽  
Guang Qi Cao ◽  
Zhi Guang Guan ◽  
Zu Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Program Flow ◽  
And Control

Wind power is an important direction of new energy, which has no pollution, no consuming fossil fuels, and no producing waste, which is widely used at this stage of clean energy. The small stand alone wind power has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost, flexible installation, strong adaptability. This paper introduces the mechanical and electrical structure, which are used in KW level stand alone mode wind turbine automatically track and yaw system. The motion rules and control strategies of the tracking and yaw system are discussed and then the control program flow is provided. The PIC16F873 chip is used as controller for this part in this system. It can fully meet the design requirements, which will reduce costs and increase the system's control ability. This system can automatically track and yaw, according to the wind direction and wind power.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel by Direct Transesterification of Rapeseed Cake

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk ◽  
Małgorzata Wołoszynowska ◽  
Ewa Białecka-Florjańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Alkyl Esters ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Direct Transesterification ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
New Energy

AbstractIncrease in energy demand and limited sources of fossil fuels force the world’s population to seek new energy sources Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of oils with an alcohol in the presence of catalysts is an example of renewable fuel. The aim of the study was to assess the best conditions for enzymatic biodiesel synthesis by direct transesterification of rapeseed cake using Taguchi method. The influence of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol), temperature (30–60 °C), C. antarctica lipase B concentration (0.5–2 %), time (6–48 h) and rapeseed cake to alcohol ratio (1:2–1:5) was examined in the synthesis of fatty acid alkyl esters. Optimum conditions for direct enzymatic transesterification of rapeseed cake are: 30 °C, 12 h, 0.5 % of lipase and ethanol in 4:1 ratio to rapeseed cake.

Organic photovoltaics as a solution to overcome growing atmospheric carbon emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Tchognia Nkuissi ◽  
Amina Labiod ◽  
Stéphanie Ferry ◽  
Patrick Lévêque ◽  
Thomas Heiser
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Industrial Level

<p>Nowadays, climate change is a reality because energy demand is mostly satisfied by fossil fuels which are limited resources and also responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Actions have to be undertaken to overcome this issue. Among the solutions proposed to this is the development and use of new energy sources called renewable energies. By renewable energy, we understand energies coming from the sun, wind, geothermal, water, or biomass. Of these, solar energy is one of the most abundant, clean, effective, and easily deployed. One of the efficient ways to exploit solar energy is photovoltaics.</p><p>Two decades of research have allowed organic photovoltaics to appear today as an alternative to their conventional and inorganic counterparts. However, several issues have to be addressed in order to ease their production on an industrial level. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on the blend of two types of conjugated molecules acting as an electron donor (hole transport) and an electron acceptor (electron transport) are the most efficient organic solar cells. Further, using non-fullerene acceptors (or NFA) in these BHJ solar cells have recently gained a broad interest due to their great potential to realize high conversion efficiencies (more than 18%) with a long lifetime over the conventional polymer/fullerene blend solar cells.</p><p>Here we provide an overview of the recent progress of different existing and growing photovoltaic technologies. We also provide prospects for the future development of organic photovoltaic devices.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vibration Characteristics and Theoretical Analysis for In-Wheel Driving Electric Road Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Vibration Characteristics

Hub-motor driven electric vehicles consider the upcoming technology in the vehicle industry. It has several merits such as lightweight, good accelerator responsiveness, flexibility when designing different drivetrains, operated at most operative efficiency points, and increased space-saving compared with the traditional electric vehicle driven by a central motor. The energy demand around the world is increasing dramatically. So, the researchers seek to find alternatives to the non-renewable resources represented by fossil fuels. Electric vehicles are the most suitable vehicle to avail of this type of energy due to their high efficiency and zero fuel consumption and emission. The electric-powered vehicle is distinctive with low noise and vibration which improves the vibration characteristics compared with internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, eight degrees of freedom passive quarter car suspension system of an in-wheel drive powered electric vehicle equipped with a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system is studied and analyzed. The system was simulated and tested in both time and frequency domains via the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Analysis of Energy-Efficiency Improvements in Single-Family Dwellings in Concepcion, Chile

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Garcia Alvarado ◽  
Jaime Soto ◽  
Cristian Muñoz ◽  
Ariel Bobadilla ◽  
Rodrigo Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
Energy Simulations

The current depletion of fossil fuels and environmental degradation are requiring greater energy efficiency in buildings, particularly in the residential sector. However, environmental improvement actions for dwellings are usually based on general considerations, without identifying the most appropriate measurements to be taken in each case, or reviewing their application with stakeholders. This article puts forward a strategy to propose effective and feasible modifications in the design or refurbishment of single-family homes to reduce energy use while maintaining indoor comfort. The improvements proposed are based on dynamic energy simulations of individual models adapted to local realities that can be carried out by regular professionals. The process includes the review of studies and information on the geographic area, and compilation of the constructive features and occupancy data of each house to create a proper energy behaviour model. Possible improvements to the building are then simulated separately in each model and the results recorded. Subsequently, a budgetary analysis of these alternatives according to construction costs and financial projections is carried out in order to identify retrofit packages and consult the opinions of residents and builders. The application of this strategy is demonstrated in the study of several houses in Concepción, Chile, where different sets of measures have been identified to achieve high reductions in energy demand while having low cost and being highly appreciated by the participants. This provides a methodology for developing and validating effective solutions for the environmental improvement of existing dwellings and new housing projects.

Effect of DEE Injection in Pongamia Pinnata Biodiesel Fulled CI Engine Using Hydrogen as Secondary Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
C. Jegadheesan ◽  
P. Somasundaram ◽  
B. Meenakshipriya ◽  
U.P. Vignesh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Feasible Alternative

In advancing modern world, the recent technological advancements especially in the field of automobile and industrial sectors have created a hike in energy demand. The fossil fuels, which are the main sources of energy, are non-renewable. Due to excessive exploitation, the fossil fuels are depleting rapidly and have created a need for alternate fuel. The researches have been conducted on various biodiesel worldwide to acquire an efficient biodiesel. The biodiesel of pongamia pinnata is one such feasible alternative since the tropical climatic conditions of Asia supports its large cultivation. This paper investigates the characteristics of engine fuelled by pongamia pinnata biodiesel. The use of biodiesel as primary fuel causes reduction in the engine performance. The performance of biodiesel fuelled engine is improved by the induction of hydrogen into air intake manifold. The induction of hydrogen increases the brake thermal efficiency by 3.41%. The hydrogen induction increases NOXin the exhaust. In order to reduce the NOXemission, Diethyl ether is injected in to the engine at constant rate of 0.7 gm/min. The DEE injection reduces the NOXand also increases the engine performance to a significant level.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on non-edible woody oil-based biodiesel: composition, production, properties and emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02042
Author(s):  
Ying-Xuan Li ◽  
Yun-Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
National Energy Security

With the continuous increase of world’s population, rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, and rapid growth of economy, the fossil fuel consumption is also increasing continuously to meet growing energy demand. The unsustainability of fossil fuels and the issues of national energy security make it very urgent to develop the appropriate and sustainable replacement for fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one of appropriate alternatives for diesel engine due to its renewable and eco-friendly nature. This greener fuel has been used in many countries across the continents in a blending range up to 20% with petrodiesel. However, the high biodiesel production cost is still a major obstacle to market acceptance. Non-edible woody oils can be considered as low-cost substitutions for traditional edible vegetable oils for biodiesel production. In order to make biodiesel into reality in much wider scope, a growing number of relevant researches focused on: (1) evaluating the biodiesel properties; (2) optimizing the production process; and (3) assessing the environmental impact. This article reviews these three aspects in order to reflect the research status and development potential of non-edible woody oil-based biodiesel.

scholarly journals From CO2 to Value-Added Products: A Review about Carbon-Based Materials for Electro-Chemical CO2 Conversion

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Lilian D. Ramírez-Valencia ◽  
Esther Bailón-García ◽  
Francisco Carrasco-Marín ◽  
Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Carbon Based

The global warming and the dangerous climate change arising from the massive emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels have motivated the search for alternative clean and sustainable energy sources. However, the industrial development and population necessities make the decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuels unimaginable and, consequently, the capture and conversion of CO2 to fuels seems to be, nowadays, one of the most promising and attractive solutions in a world with high energy demand. In this respect, the electrochemical CO2 conversion using renewable electricity provides a promising solution. However, faradaic efficiency of common electro-catalysts is low, and therefore, the design of highly selective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective electrocatalysts is critical. Carbon-based materials present some advantages such as relatively low cost and renewability, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable textural and chemical surface, which show them as competitive materials for the electro-reduction of CO2. In this review, an overview of the recent progress of carbon-based electro-catalysts in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products is presented, focusing on the role of the different carbon properties, which provides a useful understanding for the materials design progress in this field. Development opportunities and challenges in the field are also summarized.

Emerging Trends in Energy Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bharat Raj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Level ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Energy Carriers ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
New Energy

Energy is the measure of the development of any nation. Booming economic growth, rapid industrialization and high standard of living of the global population demand more and more energy in different forms. Since the quantity of available energy from conventional resources is depleting day by day, development of newer or renewable energy technologies and improvement of conventional technologies become necessary to meet the energy demand in the future. The world is undergoing a period of global climate change. Growing demand for energy despite limited fossil fuel reserves and growing environmental concerns due to increased emissions of carbon dioxide and methane, well-known green house gases, is undoubtedly the major challenge of the 21st century. It is of international importance that technological solutions can be brought to bear to solve these problems as well as providing alternative sources of power and energy. To achieve a sustainable development, the origin and the use of energy have to be addressed, and advanced energy technologies for both fossil and renewable energy carriers have to be developed. There is need to think globally but act locally. The adoption of new energy sources, energy carriers and better energy management will not only affect the energy market but will also have social economic and environmental impacts. New energy technologies and particular heating and cooling technologies are decentralized and will create markets and employment essentially at a local level and, therefore, will induce a modification of individual behavior. From an economic viewpoint, new energy technologies are capital intensive sources of energy and the present period is particularly interested in the development of such technologies and systems due to relatively low cost of money and high cost of energy. The scientific community has not only to think and develop advanced energy technologies but also to contribute in improving the existing ones. Even if renewable energies and new energy carriers, such as hydrogen, are promising solutions, our society still relies on fossil fuels as primary energy for many applications.

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