scholarly journals Stateless Re-Association in WPA3 Using Paired Token

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Byoungcheon Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Key Establishment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Shared Key ◽  
Handshake Protocol ◽  
The One

In Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3), a secure connection is established in two sequential stages. Firstly, in the authentication and association stage, a pairwise master key (PMK) is generated. Secondly, in the post-association stage, a pairwise transient key (PTK) is generated from PMK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. To reduce the heavy load of the first stage, PMK caching can be used. If the client and AP are previously authenticated and have a PMK cache, the first heavy stage can be skipped and the cached PMK can be used to directly execute the 4-way handshake. However, PMK caching is a very primitive technology to manage shared key between a client and AP and there are many limitations; AP has to manage a stateful cache for a large number of clients, cache lifetime is limited, etc. Paired token (PT)is a new secondary credential scheme that provides stateless pre-shared key (PSK) in a client-server environment. The server issues a paired token (public token and secret token) to an authenticated client where the public token has the role of signed identity and the secret token is a kind of shared secret. Once a client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key-based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. In this paper, we apply the PT approach to WPA3 and try to replace the PMK caching with the one-time authenticated key establishment using PT. At the end of a successful full handshake, AP securely issues PT to the client. Then, in subsequent re-association requests, the client and AP can compute the same one-time authenticated PMK using PT in a stateless way. Using this kind of stateless re-association technology, AP can provide a high performance Wi-Fi service to a larger number of clients.

scholarly journals Stateless Reassociation in WPA3 Using Paired Token

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoungcheon Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Key Establishment ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Shared Key ◽  
Handshake Protocol ◽  
The One ◽  
Multiple Clients

In WPA3 secure connection is executed in two sequential stages. Firstly, in authentication and association stage a pairwise master key (PMK) is generated. Secondly, in post-association stage a pairwise transient key (PTK) is generated from PMK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. To reduce the heavy computation of the first stage PMK caching can be used. If client and AP are previously authenticated and has PMK cache, client can skip the first heavy stage and reuse the cached PMK to directly execute the 4-way handshake. But PMK caching is a very primitive technology to manage shared key between client and AP and there are many limitations; AP has to manage stateful cache for multiple clients, cache lifetime is limited, etc. Paired token (PT) \cite{LZ} is a new secondary credential scheme that provides stateless pre-shared key (PSK) in client-server environment. Server issues paired token (public token and secret token) to authenticated client where public token has the role of signed identity and secret token is a kind of shared secret. Once client is equipped with PT, it can be used for many symmetric key based cryptographic applications such as authentication, authorization, key establishment, etc. In this paper we apply the PT approach to WPA3 and try to replace the PMK caching with the one-time authenticated key establishment using PT. At the end of the authentication and association stage AP securely issues PT to client. Then in reassociation stage client and AP can compute the same one-time authenticated PMK from PT in stateless way and compute PTK using the traditional 4-way handshake protocol. Using this kind of stateless reassociation technology AP can provide high performance service to huge number of clients.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinarity master programs in Greek universities: Οrganization and cognitive conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Georgios Stamelos ◽  
Georgios Aggelopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interdisciplinary Programs ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Institutional Funding ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Institutional Actors

This paper focuses on the development of interdisciplinarityin the Master’s programs in Greek universities. For our analysis, we searched for tools from the Sociology of Organisations (Mayntz) and the Sociology of Science (Whitley). We argue that the University and its keyactors have adopted interdisciplinarity, firstly, as a means to increase institutional funding, and secondly, with care so as not to disturb theinternal institutional structure and the power relations between the key actors in the University. Indeed, on the one hand, universities, responding to the public calls for interdisciplinary programs, took advantage of the European support program for Greece in order to enrich their infrastructures. On the other hand, the new structures and functions (interdisciplinary Master’s programs) remain loose and weak. So the central role of the Department and laboratories remains intact. As a consequence, the internal relations of the institutional actors are protected. Thus, interdisciplinarity seems to be a low priority issue. However, it is interesting to consider that more than 10 years after theend of European funding, the majority of these programs remains active.

Universities

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earle Holland
Keyword(s):  
Department Chair ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Science Writing ◽  
State University ◽  
The Public ◽  
Science Writer ◽  
Public Information Officers ◽  
The One ◽  
University Science

Science writing at a university has to be one of the world's great jobs. If the institution is serious about its research, you're a kid in a candy store. In my case, at Ohio State University, with more than 3,500 faculty, the question is what to write about first—not where to look for stories. Big universities are that way, but the same rules apply for smaller places that are intent on doing great research. Let's begin with the basics. While public information officers at universities face a buffet of varying tasks—from covering boards of trustees' meetings to athletic scandals to student riots—the role of the science PIO is more focused: Concentrate on university research; explain what is new and why it is important to the public. Stated that way, the job seems simple, but science writers at a university may have to jump from astronomy to immunology to psychology to anthropology all in the same week. That represents a lot of intellectual gear shifting; but remember, the rules about reporting on research generally stay the same from field to field. What is the news? Why is it important? What is the context for the research? That is, what are the questions that drive it? Why should the readers care? And last, do the findings point us somewhere new? The only things that change from story to story are the researchers' language and the culture specific to their fields. Nearly every time I give a talk on university science writing—and there have been dozens—someone asks the classic question: How do you find your stories? The glib answer is “Everywhere;” but in truth, that's pretty accurate. Some people envision situations where top researchers have a “eureka” moment and then immediately get on the phone to the campus science writer to get the word out. Or perhaps the researcher's department chair or dean, ever attuned to their colleagues' work, is the one to pass along such news. I wish that were so; but sadly, it's more likely that researcher, department chair, or dean will never think about calling a writer until long after everything else is done.

Politische Krisenkommunikation: Welche Rollen nehmen Politiker in TV-Sondersendungen ein?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-433
Author(s):  
Andreas Dörner ◽  
Ludgera Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Local Politicians ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research Project ◽  
The One ◽  
Broadcast Programs

One reason why special German broadcast programs like „ARD Brennpunkt“ and „ZDF spezial“ fulfill their function in crisis communication is that politicians appear in them . In the course of an interdisciplinary research project on media disturbances, 164 of such special broadcasts from 2015 and 2016 were analyzed and 40 interviews with participants were conducted, eleven of those with national and local politicians . It is their roles that are elaborated here . Triangulating the conducted interviews on the one hand and textual analyses on the other, a typology of political role figurations can be presented . Political actors assumed the following roles: (1) “representative of the sovereign”, either as a statesperson or as responsive and palpable; (2) “representative of the party”, bringing forth the agenda of their respective party or subverting it as a deviator; (3) “communicator of exclusive knowledge”, underlining researched facts; (4) authorized expert, driving towards sobriety; (5) “evaluator”, emphasizing normative perspectives and (6) “crisis manager”, underlining their problem solving competence or even, within the sub-role of “local caretaker”, their personal engagement . The roles are part of a crisis communication that aims at calming and orientating the public .

A Social Media Manifesto

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Healthcare Marketing ◽  
The One ◽  
Hard Place

The role of marketing communications is to advance the bottom line and the public good – and not necessarily in that order. Giving back is an integral part of the New Normal. And there has never been a better tool to accomplish this mission than social media.But healthcare marketing –and particularly of the regulated variety --is between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand, marketers understand the importance and opportunity in social media. It’s where the people are. It’s where the action is. But then there are all those pesky regulatory concerns.As Walter O’Malley –the man who moved the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles once commented, “The future is just one damn thing after another.”

scholarly journals Teología feminista como instancia crítica de las religiones en el espacio público. La propuesta de Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Escribano Cárcel
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Feminist Theology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Hermeneutics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Critical Feminist ◽  
The One

RESUMENEste artículo se acerca al papel público que las religiones desempeñan en las democracias. Para ello es necesario que cultiven un doble afán. El primero, que mira hacia el exterior y sitúa a la religión católica entre el resto de esferas que definen nuestras sociedades plurales. El artículo cuestiona la tarea ética que puede ejercer esta tradición religiosa y que ha de reforzar el marco democrático en el que todas estas esferas se incluyen. El segundo, que mira hacia el interior de esta religión y ocupa la mayor parte de este artículo, gira en torno a la teología feminista desarrollada por Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza. Su sentido crítico está transformando la identidad de los y las creyentes, los horizontes comprensivos religiosos y puede ayudar así a reforzar el papel de las democracias.PALABRAS CLAVERELIGIÓN, ESPACIO PÚBLICO, DELIBERACIÓN, HERMENÉUTICA CRÍTICA Y TEOLOGÍA FEMINISTA CRÍTICA.ABSTRACTThis article approaches the public part religions play in democracies. On the one hand, the Catholic religion has to be set amidst the rest of the spheres, which define our plural societies. In this first part, we will try to evaluate how the Catholic religion helps reinforcing the democratic frame in which it evolves. On the other hand, the largest part of this article will be devoted to the Catholic feminist theology developed by Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza not only as a means of changing the identity of believers and their understanding religious horizons, but also as a way of strengthening the role of democracies.KEYWORDSRELIGION, PUBLIC SPHERE, DELIBERATION, CRITICAL HERMENEUTICS AND CRITICAL FEMINIST THEOLOGY

scholarly journals PERANAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI ERA POST MODERNIASASI PENDEKATAN TAFSIR TEMATIK

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Masturin Masturin
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Text Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Era

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>:<em> The role of women  seems still  to be a discourse that becomes a debate among the  feminist theoreticians. Something that becomes the crucial problem is how to position the role of women in contemporary Islamic societies. Through a thematic interpretation approach, this paper tried to describe the role of women in Islamic societies in the post-modern era. Discourse and gender movement had a great influence on Muslim society. The demands on the role of women were not only related to the role of freedom of their activities in the domestic realm but also related to the public domain. The Qur'an was present not in the empty time and but rather to respond to a variety of community activities in place in which it was revealed. He - the Qu’ran - had an idealistic normative values that should be believed, held and executed. The text data of the Qu’ran could be illustrated by a triadic system depicting the role of women and their relationships with the Lord, the roles and relationships of women in the family; and the roles and relationships in the community, including the Islamic community. Islam, as a religion, on the one hand was not only as a pure idea that was absolute and universal, but on the other hand, it was also as a product of the ideas that are not only relative but also limited. However, with its relativity and limitation as the product of the thought, it was still able to show the distinction of its egalitarian with the concept built by modern-secular feminism movement through the principle of parity.</em></p><p dir="RTL"><strong>الملخص</strong> :أصبحت المرأة موضوع نقاش بين مفكّرات النسوية إلى الآن. القضية المهمّة هي كيف يكون دور المرأة في المجتمع المسلم المعاصر. حاولت هذه الدراسة – بمدخل التفسير الموضوعي – تصوير دور المرأة في المجتمع المسلم في العصر بعد الحداثة. الحركة والأفكار  عن الجنس لها أثرها في المجتمع المسلم. اقتضاءات المرأة ليس فقط عن حريّة العمل في الأسرة لكن كذلك في المجتمع. وإن القرآن لاينزل في ثقافة مجتمع فارغة، لكنّه يستجيب شتى الأنشطة والأعمال قام بها المجتمع الذي نزل فيه. والقرآن فيه تعاليم وقيم أدبية شاملة كاملة التي يجب الاعتقاد بها والتمسك بها والعمل بها. والنصوص القرآنية تمثّل ترياديك التي تصوّر دور المرأة وعلاقتها بالله، دورها وعلاقتها بالأسرة، ودورها في المجتمع وخاصة المجتمع المسلم. والإسلام ككونه آراء أصيلة وهو عام ومطلق، لكن لكونه نتائج أفكار فهو غير مطلق ومحدّد. ولكن بكونه مثل هذا، استطاع أن يكون فارقا واضحا بينه وبين المفهومات التي أتت بها الحركة النسوية  المعاصرة العلمانية عن طريق الأساس بارتاس.</p><p><strong>Abstrak:<em> </em></strong><em>Peran perempuan merupakan diskursus yang masih jadi perbincangan teoritisi feminis. Hal yang menjadi problem krusial adalah bagaimana memposisikan peran perempuan dalam masyarakat Islam kekinian. Melalui pendekatan tafsir tematik, tulisan ini mencoba untuk mendiskripsikan peran perempuan dalam masyarakat Islam di era post-modern. Wacana dan gerakan gender memiliki pengaruh besar bagi masyarakat Islam. Tuntutan peran tidak saja terkait kebebasan beraktifitas di ranah domestik tetapi juga terkait dengan ranah publik. Al-Qur’an hadir tidak dalam ruang dan waktu yang hampa, melainkan merespon beragam aktifitas masyarakat di tempat ia diturunkan. Ia – al-Qur’an – memiliki tata nilai normatif-idealitik yang harus diyakini, dipegang teguh dan dijalankan. Data-data teks al-Qur’an, dapat diilustrasikan dengan sebuah triadik yang menggambarkan peran perempuan dan relasinya dengan Tuhan; peran dan relasi perempuan dalam keluarga; dan peran dan relasinya dalam masyarakat termasuk masyarakat Islam. Islam, sebagai sebuah agama, di satu sisi merupakan ide murni karenanya absolut dan universal, namun di sisi yang lain, ia merupakan hasil pemikiran yang tidak saja relatif tetapi juga terbatas. Namun dengan kerelatifan dan keterbatasan hasil pemikiran itu, ia tetap mampu menunjukkan distingsi egaliteriannya dengan konsepsi yang dibangun gerakan feminism modern-sekuler melalui prinsip paritas.                            </em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>tafsir, domestik, publik, absolut, sub-ordinat, paritas.</p>

scholarly journals The university, the city and the clown: A theological essay on solidarity, mutuality and prophecy

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan De Beer
Keyword(s):  
Public University ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Liberation Theologian

This essay is informed by five different but interrelated conversations all focusing on the relationship between the city and the university. Suggesting the clown as metaphor, I explore the particular role of the activist scholar, and in particular the liberation theologian that is based at the public university, in his or her engagement with the city. Considering the shackles of the city of capital and its twin, the neoliberal university, on the one hand, and the city of vulnerability on the other, I then propose three clown-like postures of solidarity, mutuality and prophecy to resist the shackles of culture and to imagine and embody daring alternatives.

Taxation and the Public Services

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the role of taxation in the culture of contentment. In the age of contentment, macroeconomic policy has come to center not on tax policy but on monetary policy. Higher interest rates, it is hoped, will curb inflation without posing a threat to people of good fortune. Those with money to lend, the economically well-endowed rentier class, will thus be rewarded. The chapter first considers the role of monetary policy in the entirely plausible and powerfully adverse attitude toward taxation in the community of contentment before discussing the relationship between taxation and public services, and between taxation and public expenditures. It shows that public services and taxation have disparate effects on the Contented Electoral Majority on the one hand, and on the less affluent underclass on the other.

Technological Illusions and Educational Resistances

2016 ◽  
pp. 428-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Villanueva-Mansilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Public ◽  
One Laptop Per Child ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One

OLPC, the One Laptop Per Child initiative, was accepted by just a few countries, including Peru. The largest acquisition of computers has produced a fairly low impact in education and is now being quietly phased-out. Peru's government decision to adopt the computers, back in 2007, was not contested or questioned by the political class, the media or even teachers, with just a rather small number of specialists arguing against it. This chapters discussed the political and argumentative processes that brought OLPC into the public sphere, through the use of a specific narrative, that of hackerism, i.e., the hacker attitude towards computers, and how social and political validation resulted in adoption. An assessment of the process of framing OLPC as a hacker product and the perils of such reasoning lead to discuss the need for a counter-narrative about the role of computers in society.

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