scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Switched-Capacitor-Based Battery Equalization Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 2629
Author(s):  
Kun-Che Ho ◽  
Yi-Hua Liu ◽  
Song-Pei Ye ◽  
Guan-Jhu Chen ◽  
Yu-Shan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
Charge Imbalance ◽  
And Performance

The battery storage system (BSS) is one of the key components in many modern power applications, such as in renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. However, charge imbalance among batteries is very common in BSSs, which may impair the power efficiency, reliability, and safety. Hence, various battery equalization methods have been proposed in the literature. Among these techniques, switched-capacitor (SC)-based battery equalizers (BEs) have attracted much attention due to their low cost, small size, and controllability. In this paper, seven types of SC-based BEs are studied, including conventional, double-tiered, modularized, chain structure types I and II, series-parallel, and single SC-based BEs. Mathematical models that describe the charge–discharge behaviors are first derived. Next, a statistical analysis based on MATLAB simulation is carried out to compare the performance of these seven BEs. Finally, a summary of the circuit design complexity, balancing speed, and practical implementation options for these seven topologies is provided.

scholarly journals Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Machedon-Pisu ◽  
Paul Nicolae Borza
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
The Impact

As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system’s components and application’s actuators. Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

Design and Research for a Cost-Oriented Hybrid Electric Vehicle Architecture

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlong Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Chengliang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Vehicle Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Performance

Commercialization and popularization for HEVs are highly depended on the vehicle price and performance attributes. A novel hybrid electric vehicle architecture is designed and researched for HEV cost reduction while maintaining HEV’s potential to improve the fuel economy and drivability. In this architecture, an All-In-One-Controller (AIOC) is designed, low-cost powertrain components are selected, and a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) using supercapacitor and battery concept is implemented. Cost validation and performance simulation are finished, and the results show that HEV cost can be reduced significantly and desired performance can be achieved.

A High-Efficiency SOFC Hybrid Power System Using the Mercury 50 ATS Gas Turbine

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne L. Lundberg ◽  
Stephen E. Veyo ◽  
Mark D. Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fossil Power Plant ◽  
Generating System

The conceptual design of a 20 MWe-class hybrid power generating system that integrates a Siemens Westinghouse pressurized solid oxide fuel cell generator with a Mercury 50 gas turbine is discussed. The Mercury 50 was designed and developed by Caterpillar/Solar Turbines during the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Turbine Systems (ATS) program, and the hybrid system design concept was evaluated during a recently completed project that was part of the DOE High Efficiency Fossil Power Plant (HEFPP) program. While achieving a high power system efficiency by the hybrid cycle approach was important, the focus of the design study was to select the SOFC generator capacity such that the low specific cost of the ATS gas turbine and the high efficiency of the more expensive PSOFC generator would combine optimally to produce an attractively-low cost of electricity (COE) for the overall power system. The system cycle and physical characteristics are described; power, efficiency, and emissions estimates are presented; and estimates of system cost and COE are provided. In addition, two bottoming cycle options (steam turbine and ammonia turbine) are described, and performance and cost projections for each are reviewed.

Terrestrial Heat Repository for Months of Storage (THERMS): A Novel Radial Thermocline System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford K. Ho ◽  
Walter Gerstle
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Present System ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper describes a terrestrial thermocline storage system comprised of inexpensive rock, gravel, and/or sand-like materials to store high-temperature heat for days to months. The present system seeks to overcome past challenges of thermocline storage (cost and performance) by utilizing a confined radial-based thermocline storage system that can better control the flow and temperature distribution in a bed of porous materials with one or more layers or zones of different particle sizes, materials, and injection/extraction wells. Air is used as the heat-transfer fluid, and the storage bed can be heated or “trickle charged” by flowing hot air through multiple wells during periods of low electricity demand using electrical heating or heat from a solar thermal plant. This terrestrial-based storage system can provide low-cost, large-capacity energy storage for both high- (∼400–800°C) and low- (∼100–400°C) temperature applications. Bench-scale experiments were conducted, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to verify models and improve understanding of relevant features and processes that impact the performance of the radial thermocline storage system. Sensitivity studies were performed using the CFD model to investigate the impact of the air flow rate, porosity, particle thermal conductivity, and air-to-particle heat-transfer coefficient on temperature profiles. A preliminary technoeconomic analysis was also performed to estimate the levelized cost of storage for different storage durations and discharging scenarios.

Analysis of Organic Low-Carbon Solar Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Ya Dong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Main Chain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Material Classification ◽  
The People ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solar Material

because of organic solar materials with light weight, low cost, flexible, which widespread concern by the people. According to main chain structure of polymer donator material classification, the article summarized the progress of research in this area in recent years and a detailed introduction by some attention from materials, design, performance analysis to device fabrication and performance, and provides valuable reference for future materials research and development.

Modelling of bacterial removal in wastewater storage reservoir for irrigation purposes: a case study in Sicily, Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
F. Brissaud ◽  
G.L. Cirelli ◽  
S. Consoli ◽  
P. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Storage Reservoirs

In arid and semiarid regions the reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater can play a strategic role in alleviating water resources shortages. Public awareness is growing about the need to recycle and reuse water for increasing supply availability. Many wastewater reuse projects have been put in operation in European and Mediterranean countries adopting extensive treatment systems such as aquifer recharge, lagooning, constructed wetlands, and storage reservoirs, mainly for landscape and agricultural irrigation. In agricultural reuse systems, there is an increasing interest in extensive technologies because of their high reliability, and easy and low cost operation and maintenance. Wastewater storage reservoirs have become the option selected in many countries because of the advantages they present in comparison with other treatment alternatives, namely the coupling of two purposes, stabilization and seasonal regulation. This paper describes an example of a wastewater storage system, built in Caltagirone (Sicily, Italy). The storage results in a tertiary treatment of a continuous inlet flow of activated sludge effluents. The prediction of the microbiological water quality has been evaluated by means of a non-steady-state first-order kinetic model. Single and multiple regressions were applied to determine the main variables that most significantly affected die-off coefficients. The proposed model has been calibrated using the results of a field monitoring carried out during a period from March to October 2000.

Comparison between DOA Estimation Subspace methods for incoherent and coherent signals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdalla ◽  
Suhad Mohammed ◽  
Tang Bin ◽  
Jumma Mary Atieno ◽  
Abdelazeim Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Linear Array ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Subspace Methods ◽  
Coherent Signals ◽  
Uniform Linear Array ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
And Performance

This paper considers the problem of estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) for the both incoherent and coherent signals from narrowband sources, located in the far field in the case of uniform linear array sensors. Three different methods are analyzed. Specifically, these methods are Music, Root-Music and ESPRIT. The pros and cons of these methods are identified and compared in light of different viewpoints. The performance of the three methods is evaluated, analytically, when possible, and by Matlab simulation. This paper can be a roadmap for beginners in understanding the basic concepts of DOA estimation issues, properties and performance.

Programmable Integrated Photonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Capmany ◽  
Daniel Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

The Use of Microcomputer Simulations in Undergraduate Neurophysiology Experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
And Performance

Practical classes in neurophysiology reinforce and complement the theoretical background in a number of ways, including demonstration of concepts, practice in planning and performance of experiments, and the production and maintenance of viable neural preparations. The balance of teaching objectives will depend upon the particular group of students involved. A technique is described which allows the embedding of real compound action potentials from one of the most basic introductory neurophysiology experiments—frog sciatic nerve, into interactive programs for student use. These retain all the elements of the “real experiment” in terms of appearance, presentation, experimental management and measurement by the student. Laboratory reports by the students show that the experiments are carefully and enthusiastically performed and the material is well absorbed. Three groups of student derive most benefit from their use. First, students whose future careers will not involve animal experiments do not spend time developing dissecting skills they will not use, but more time fulfilling the other teaching objectives. Second, relatively inexperienced students, struggling to produce viable neural material and master complicated laboratory equipment, who are often left with little time or motivation to take accurate readings or ponder upon neurophysiological concepts. Third, students in institutions where neurophysiology is taught with difficulty because of the high cost of equipment and lack of specific expertise, may well have access to a low cost general purpose microcomputer system.

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