scholarly journals Hardware Update through Digital TV Signals

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Augusto Souza Guimarães ◽  
Mateus Martínez de Lucena ◽  
Lucas Carvalho Cordeiro ◽  
Eddie Batista de Lima Filho ◽  
...  

This paper presents a new hardware reconfiguration approach named hardware reconfiguration through digital television (HARD), which can update FPGA hardware modules based on digital TV (DTV) signals. Such a scheme allows several synthesized hardware cores (bitstreams) signaled and broadcast through open DTV signals via data streaming to be identified, acquired, decoded, and then used for system updates. Reconfiguration data are partitioned, encapsulated into private sections, and then sent in a carrousel fashion in order to be recovered by modified receivers. Service information content, specially designed for identifying and describing the characteristics of multiplexed hardware bitstreams, was added to the transmitted signal and provided all necessary information in the traditional DTV style. The receiver framework, in turn, checked whether those characteristics corresponded to its embedded reconfigurable devices and, if a match was found, it reassembled the related bitstreams and reconfigured the respective internal circuits. Experiments performed with an implementation of the proposed methodology confirmed its feasibility and showed that remounting and reconfiguration times were satisfactory and presented no blocking aspect. Finally, HARD can be used in several designs regarding intelligent reconfigurable devices, minimize device costs in the long term, and provide better hardware reuse.

Author(s):  
Margherita Pagani

This chapter analyses the impact of digitalization on TV marketing strategies focusing on the role of brand as a loyalty-based resource, available to digital television networks to create a sustainable competitive advantage. We analyze the cognitive process adopted by a viewer in the selection process of a TV channel and provide managerial implications for branding strategy and the tools that a television network and an iTV portal need to adopt to communicate values connected with their brand. The goal of this analysis is to offer insights on how a digital television network may create a channel experience leveraging on brand to increase viewers’ loyalty and competitive advantage.


Author(s):  
In-Sook Jung

Since the inception of digital terrestrial TV (DTT) in the United Kingdom on September 23, 1998, many countries have developed keen interests in this changing landscape of digital television. Soon after, the U.S. also started DTT on November 1, 1998, and other countries such as Germany, France, Japan, and Korea would join the technological trend. Most countries are scheduling the transition of analog TV into digital TV by around 2010 (Table 1). In the digitalization process, each government has two main concerns; one is about when the conversion from analog to digital TV (DTV) is scheduled, and the other is about how smoothly the schedule is completed. While the U.S. currently set analog switch-off for February 17, 2009, the European Commission has planned that switchover from analog TV should be completed in Member States by 2012. The spectrum plans of Member States in the EU said to be flexible enough to allow the introduction of other electronic communications services, along with DTT (Indepen, Ovum, & Fathom, 2005). According to EU Directive, the UK is planning to finish the switchover in 2012 and Germany in 2010. In Asia, South Korea is expected to be completed in 2010, Japan in 2011, and China in 2015. Unlike government-announced timetables, each country has some difficulties in keeping for the transition process so that the successful conversion within the scheduled timeline may not be possible. Thus, this article first examines which kinds of problems and alternatives are emerging in the policy process for DTV transition in several countries. Secondly, it attempts to find the global implication from what sorts of DTV transition issues are observed in most countries and from how they are broaching the problems of existing regulation systems and the social conflicts among stockholders, especially in Asian countries.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Barragato

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the requirement that non-profit organizations recognize unconditional promises to give as assets and revenues in the year promises are received as mandated by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 116. Design/methodology/approach Using the adoption of SFAS No. 116 and financial information reported on Internal Revenue Service Form 990, the study examines the requirement that non-profit organizations recognize unconditional promises to give as assets and revenues in the year promises are received. Combining insights derived from a model developed by Dechow, Kothari and Watts (1998) with the rationale applied by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in mandating recognition treatment, it adopts the view that information about promises to give is relevant if it useful in assessing probable future cash inflows. The study also employs relative tests of predictive ability to assess competing specifications. Findings The study finds that recognizing unconditional promises to give as assets and as revenues in the year received improves predictions of next period’s cash inflows. It also finds that accrual-based contribution revenue consistently provides information content that is incremental to cash-based contribution revenue. Research limitations/implications This paper has implications for several other lines of research as well. First, an ancillary concern expressed by many organizations in the non-profit sector was that the recognition of multi-year promises to give would adversely affect trends in long-term giving. In this regard, another promising line of inquiry would be to empirically test the Standard’s impact on the time-series properties of contributions and short- and long-term giving trends. Second, future research might consider conducting tests after partitioning by NTEE/NAICS classification, as well as substituting or supplementing the SOI data with financial statement data. Third, future research might consider applying the approach used in this study to other industries or groups for which market prices are not readily ascertainable. Data constraints, including the calculation of cash flow information indirectly from the balance sheet, impose limitations on this study. Practical implications This study documents that by recognizing unconditional promises to give as assets and revenues in the period received, donors, creditors and other users gain useful information about probable future cash inflows – a fundamental element of the accrual process and one of several important factors used to evaluate an organization’s ability to sustain future operations. This information is valuable to stakeholders and practitioners who rely on this information to make informed decisions. It is also helpful to standard setters in establishing guidelines that improve the usefulness of financial reporting for non-profits. Originality/value The paper contributes to existing literature by operationalizing, in a non-profit setting, a model that describes the relationship among revenues, accruals and cash flows. It fills a gap in the accrual literature regarding the relevance of non-profit revenue accruals. The study is the first to employ a relative information content approach to assess non-profit standards, which provides useful input to policy makers and end users. It affirms that many of the key conventions and elements embodied in the FASB Concepts Statements apply to non-profits as well, which heretofore has not been studied extensively. The results are also consistent with Accounting Standards Update 958, Not-for-Profit Entities, which requires that non-profits provide users with information about liquidity, including how they manage liquid resources needed to meet cash requirements for general expenditures within one year of the date of the statement of financial position.


Author(s):  
Sulthon Faryabi Nurbadri ◽  
Khoirul Anwar ◽  
Dharu Arseno

Early warning system (EWS) via digital television (TV) in Indonesia is still un-optimal in design and implementation due to the absent of clear standard/guidance to follow across the country. This paper studies various EWS based on digital TV of Japan, Korea, and the United States of America (USA). Although the systems look like different, the EWS can be simplified into 3 nodes representing (i) Emergency Agency, (ii) TV broadcaster, and (iii) TV receiver. Beside the 3-node-based EWS, this paper evaluates the possibilities of EWS having 4 nodes. We perform computer simulations to evaluate the latency and bit error rate (BER) performances under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels. We found that the system latency and BER performances of EWS are highly affected by (i) the distance of one node to another and (ii) the number of nodes, where EWS with 3 or 4 nodes found to be enough and suitable for Indonesia digital TV. We propose a criterion of good EWS, i.e., total delay T <= t + 4.delta.t with t and delta.t being the propagation delay and processing time, respectively, and BER less than Pb=10-3. The result of this paper are expected to be used as a reference for the Indonesia EWS systems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950004 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE DI MARTINO

We examine the information content of strategic-plans’ long-term growth targets (SPLTG) and of strategic-plans’ forecast horizons (SPFH). Using a sample of 224 strategic plan presentations by Italian listed companies during the period 2002–2018, we provide evidence that the SPLTG conveys credible and useful information to investors. We also assume that longer forecast horizons are more uncertain and we find that stock price reaction is negatively associated with long-term forecast horizons. Then, we investigate whether SPLTG presented in conjunction with long-term SPFH are perceived as less credible. The findings document that investors perceive long-term growth targets as credible regardless of the SPFH length. Our study contributes to the current debate on the use of strategic plans as comprehensive disclosure able to provide credible and useful information.


Author(s):  
Christopher Daly ◽  
Matthew K. Doggett ◽  
Joseph I. Smith ◽  
Keith V. Olson ◽  
Michael D. Halbleib ◽  
...  

AbstractThere is a great need for gridded daily precipitation datasets to support a wide variety of disciplines in science and industry. Production of such datasets faces many challenges, from station data ingest to gridded dataset distribution. The quality of the dataset is directly related to its information content, and each step in the production process provides an opportunity to maximize that content. The first opportunity is maximizing station density from a variety of sources, and assuring high quality through intensive screening, including manual review. To accommodate varying data latency times, the PRISM Climate Group releases eight versions of a day’s precipitation grid, from 24 hours after day’s end to six months elapsed time. The second opportunity is to distribute the station data to a grid using methods that add information and minimize the smoothing effect of interpolation. We use two competing methods, one that utilizes the information in long-term precipitation climatologies, and the other using weather radar return patterns. Finally, maintaining consistency among different time scales (monthly vs. daily) affords the opportunity to exploit information available at each scale. Maintaining temporal consistency over longer time scales is at cross purposes with maximizing information content. We therefore produce two datasets, one that maximizes data sources, and a second that includes only networks with long-term stations and no radar (a short-term data source). Further work is underway to improve station metadata, refine interpolation methods by producing climatologies targeted to specific storm conditions, and employ higher-resolution radar products.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Blanco-Mallada

Quality in television has been conceived as: diversity in contents and genres, plurality of opinion and perspectives, long term financial objectives, and professionalism in planning, programming, and execution. Today, because of «seduction strategies», programs have turned into formats; programming has changed from vertical to horizontal; audience wars turn the spectators into a public to be conquered, but also served. The relations of supply and demand are now on a new level where a generalist television conceived for broadcasting is possible and, with the expansion of the digital television there is also place for programs for a reduced public. Tanto los investigadores como críticos y profesionales del medio están, en general, de acuerdo acerca de estas cuatro perspectivas para determinar la calidad en televisión: diversidad en cuanto a contenidos, géneros, pluralidad de opiniones y puntos de vista; rendimiento económico que no se detenga en los objetivos a corto plazo lo cual podría poner en peligro la responsabilidad social y ética; profesionalidad que asegure la calidad en el sistema televisivo, en las cadenas de televisión, en cuanto a planificación, programación y ejecución. ¿Se cumplen estos estandares en la televisión actual? Mediante el estudio de las técnicas de programación y de realización y producción de programas vemos cómo la «estrategia de la seducción», conjunto de recursos con los que opera la televisión actual, para la captación y la fidelización de la audiencia, convierte los programas en formatos, siendo también de observar el cambio del sistema de la programación vertical a la horizontal. Para algunos autores en la neotelevisión más que una programación hay una programática. La programación debe permitir conectarse y desconectarse en cualquier momento sin esfuerzo convirtiéndose en una programación autobús. La guerra de las audiencias convierte a los espectadores en un público a conquistar pero también a quien servir al mismo tiempo. Uno de los mecanismos esenciales de la seducción es la mistificación de los géneros que se opera, de modo que todos ellos adquieren un solo sentido: la televisión del espectáculo. Al decir espectáculo lo hacemos en el sentido que algunos autores le dan de pérdida de la autonomía intelectual por parte del espectador, lo cual resulta necesario para la seducción entendida como estructura de poder, es decir, de una apropiación de la voluntad del espectador a partir de la cual se hace posible condicionar sus gustos y sus hábitos de consumo de televisión. No hay una solución fácil en una televisión generalista pensada para un «broad casting» que necesariamente ha de conseguir un beneficio económico que haga viable la continuidad de la empresa, sin embargo la televisión que se hará posible con la expansión de la tecnología digital permite pensar en el futuro de un modo más optimista, pues eso implica la aparición de cadenas temáticas, especializadas en determinados formatos o géneros, que han de hacer programas para un grupo de espectadores reducido interesado en ese tema especifícamente, lo cual resitúa las relaciones de oferta y demanda, y hace posible una nueva actitud de los telespectadores ante el medio.


2008 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Wilson

Regulatory officials and market analysts have speculated that the loss of credibility in subsequently reported financial information is a long-lasting consequence of earnings restatements. I measure the information content of earnings using a standard earnings-returns framework over several years surrounding restatements to examine characteristics of the decline in the information content of earnings. Results indicate that although the information content of earnings declines following restatements, the loss is temporary. In particular, the earnings response coefficients for earnings announcements surrounding restatements exhibit a U-shaped pattern in which they are no longer significantly lower in the post-restatement period over an average of four quarters. The extent to which the earnings of restatement firms suffer a loss of information content varies across several dimensions. First, the duration of the loss is greater for firms that restate earnings to correct revenue recognition errors and for restatements that result in a large decline in the stock price at the announcement date. Second, there is not a loss in the information content of earnings for firms that make changes to their financial reporting governance structures following restatements. Overall, the evidence in this paper is consistent with a short-term decline in investor confidence regarding financial reporting following restatements, but shows that suspicion regarding the information loss of post-restatement earnings in the long-term is unwarranted.


2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 530-534
Author(s):  
Yao Qin ◽  
Fu Lian Yin ◽  
Jian Ping Chai

Existing digital television information delivery system delivers information indiscriminately and lacking direction. Information delivery accuracy is too low to reach the desired results, and can lead to other problems like such as information overload. We consequently proposed the boot-strap information delivery model based on user profiles to provide an important basis for digital TV information delivery. This paper firstly describes the background of digital television information delivery. Then details information deliverys algorithms and models based on user profiles analysis and information delivery analysis. Our research solved the problem that people cannot deliver the information to clients efficiently and accurately, and also avoided wasting information network bandwidth.


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