scholarly journals Challenges in Observation-Based Mapping of Daily Precipitation across the Conterminous United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Daly ◽  
Matthew K. Doggett ◽  
Joseph I. Smith ◽  
Keith V. Olson ◽  
Michael D. Halbleib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Data Latency ◽  
Term Data

AbstractThere is a great need for gridded daily precipitation datasets to support a wide variety of disciplines in science and industry. Production of such datasets faces many challenges, from station data ingest to gridded dataset distribution. The quality of the dataset is directly related to its information content, and each step in the production process provides an opportunity to maximize that content. The first opportunity is maximizing station density from a variety of sources, and assuring high quality through intensive screening, including manual review. To accommodate varying data latency times, the PRISM Climate Group releases eight versions of a day’s precipitation grid, from 24 hours after day’s end to six months elapsed time. The second opportunity is to distribute the station data to a grid using methods that add information and minimize the smoothing effect of interpolation. We use two competing methods, one that utilizes the information in long-term precipitation climatologies, and the other using weather radar return patterns. Finally, maintaining consistency among different time scales (monthly vs. daily) affords the opportunity to exploit information available at each scale. Maintaining temporal consistency over longer time scales is at cross purposes with maximizing information content. We therefore produce two datasets, one that maximizes data sources, and a second that includes only networks with long-term stations and no radar (a short-term data source). Further work is underway to improve station metadata, refine interpolation methods by producing climatologies targeted to specific storm conditions, and employ higher-resolution radar products.

scholarly journals Genotypic assessment of productivity and quality of berries of strawberry varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Vadim Lapshin ◽  
Valentina Yakovenko ◽  
Sergey Shcheglov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
High Responsiveness ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics ◽  
Term Data

The genotypical potential of strawberry varieties is the basis for the implementation of economically valuable crop indicators in specific growing conditions. Assessment of the variability of productivity traits and quality of berries is one of the key directions in many modern studies on the selection and variety study of garden strawberries. The goal of this work was to assess strawberry varieties by a complex of characteristics of the yield structure and fruit quality, taking into account their genotypic characteristics, as well as to identify of their hereditary potential in regional cultivation conditions. The analysis of long-term data on 17 varieties of strawberries has been carried out. Using the methods of two-way analysis of variance, contributions of the principal components and Ward’s cluster analysis, an assessment was made of the variability of the taken into account traits in strawberry varieties. Combining the studied varieties into groups made it possible to identify the best forms by the valuable traits. A high responsiveness to the cultivation conditions in the Krasnodar region was established for the varieties Nelli, Alba, Florence, Elegia, Honeoye, Onda and Vima Xima in accordance with their genotypic potential.

scholarly journals Tips on Establishing a Robotics Program in an Academic Setting

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2531-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Steers
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Surgery ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Surgical Career ◽  
Term Data ◽  
The U.S

Over the past 5 years, robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery has gone from being a novelty to an accepted approach for intra-abdominal and pelvic surgery. Driving this trend has been the large number of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomies performed throughout the U.S. Nearly a quarter of the prostatectomies done for prostate cancer in the U.S. in 2006 will use robotic assistance, yet reports fail to confirm cost effectiveness. The most important predictor of a successful program is a champion at the institution. Studies have demonstrated safety and immediate benefits with regard to reduced surgical morbidity such as pain, loss of work, quality of life, and blood loss for a variety of surgeries patients. Specific to prostatectomy for cancer, long-term data on biochemical (PSA) failures and cancer cures, as well as validated secondary outcomes for continence and potency, are still unavailable. Benefits accrue for the surgeon as well with improved ergonomics and potential extension of a surgical career. Yet, enthusiasm for robotics must be tempered by this lack of data and economic limitations. However, if a thoughtful and thorough process in initiating a robotic program is undertaken, the risks to the institution can be minimized. With proper training, the risk to the patient is reduced and with due diligence with regard to market and operative resources, the risk to the surgeon can be eliminated. This report reviews the steps to assess, plan, initiate, and maintain a robotics program at an academic institution with the hope that other programs can benefit from lessons acquired by early adopters of this expensive technology.

scholarly journals Using XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals for assessing the long-term consistency of NDACC/FTIR data sets

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 10513-10558
Author(s):  
S. Barthlott ◽  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
A. Wiegele ◽  
E. Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Within the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), more than 20 FTIR (Fourier–Transform InfraRed) spectrometers, spread worldwide, provide long-term data records of many atmospheric trace gases. We present a method that uses measured and modelled XCO2 for assessing the consistency of these data records. Our NDACC XCO2 retrieval setup is kept simple so that it can easily be adopted for any NDACC/FTIR-like measurement made since the late 1950s. By a comparison to coincident TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements, we empirically demonstrate the useful quality of this NDACC XCO2 product (empirically obtained scatter between TCCON and NDACC is about 4‰ for daily mean as well as monthly mean comparisons and the bias is 25‰). As XCO2 model we developed and used a simple regression model fitted to CarbonTracker results and the Mauna Loa CO2 in-situ records. A comparison to TCCON data suggests an uncertainty of the model for monthly mean data of below 3‰. We apply the method to the NDACC/FTIR spectra that are used within the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) and demonstrate that there is a good consistency for these globally representative set of spectra measured since 1996: the scatter between the modelled and measured XCO2 on a yearly time scale is only 3‰.

Online monitoring of OUR, KLa and OTE indicators: practical implementation in full-scale industrial WWTPs

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Irizar ◽  
J. A. Zambrano ◽  
D. Montoya ◽  
M. De Gracia ◽  
R. García
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Term Data

Based on on/off aeration strategies, this paper describes all the steps involved in the development and implementation of three identification algorithms aimed at monitoring the oxygen uptake rate (OUR), the oxygen mass-transfer coefficient (KLa), and oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) in aerated biological reactors. Firstly, a detailed explanation of the theoretical background behind every algorithm is given. In addition, practical issues have also been taken into account in order to guarantee the quality of estimations. Finally, the three algorithms have been implemented and validated in a full-scale industrial wastewater treatment plant with satisfactory results. Although short-term noise has been observed in the estimated data (especially at high OURs), the medium and long-term data trajectories have been correctly reproduced.

scholarly journals Influence of failures of overhead lines on reliability of autonomous power supply system

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Karamov ◽  
Sergey Perzhabinsky
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Random States ◽  
The Given ◽  
Term Data

We research influence of failures of overhead lines on reliability of autonomous power supply system with distributed generation in the given article. Simulation of failures of overhead lines are done on the base of long-term data of exploitation distributing electricity networks. Considered autonomous power supply system consists of wind and solar power stations. Diesel generators are emergency sources of electricity in the system. For adequacy estimation of electricity supply we many times simulated and analyzed of random states of autonomous power supply system. Results of experimental research confirm that detailed accounting of statistics of real failures of overhead lines increases of quality of reliability analysis.

scholarly journals With that diet, you will go far: trait-based analysis reveals a link between rapid range expansion and a nitrogen-favoured diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20122305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Eric Betzholtz ◽  
Lars B. Pettersson ◽  
Nils Ryrholm ◽  
Markus Franzén
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
General View ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Specialist Species ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Term Data

Recent global change has had a substantial influence on the distribution of organisms, and many species are currently expanding their ranges. To evaluate the underlying processes, long-term data with good geographic resolution are essential. One important but generally overlooked data source is offered by the taxon-specific national catalogues of first provincial records that are kept in many countries. Here, we use such data to quantify trait-based influences on range expansion in Swedish butterflies and moths between 1973 and 2010. Of 282 species meeting pre-defined quality criteria, 170 expanded their northern range margin, with a mean expansion rate of 2.7 km per year. The analyses demonstrate that habitat and diet generalists, forest species and species active during warm conditions have expanded their ranges more rapidly than other species. Notably, range expansion in diet specialists was positively related to a nitrogen-favoured larval diet, an effect not found among oligo- or polyphagous species. In contrast to the general view, this shows that specialist species can undergo rapid range expansion. We suggest that increased areas of nitrogen-rich habitat, and increased availability of a nitrogen-favoured diet, are among the most important drivers of range expansions, potentially having far-reaching consequences for a wide variety of organisms.

scholarly journals Using XCO<sub>2</sub> retrievals for assessing the long-term consistency of NDACC/FTIR data sets

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barthlott ◽  
M. Schneider ◽  
F. Hase ◽  
A. Wiegele ◽  
E. Christner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Term Data

Abstract. Within the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change), more than 20 FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectrometers, spread worldwide, provide long-term data records of many atmospheric trace gases. We present a method that uses measured and modelled XCO2 for assessing the consistency of these NDACC data records. Our XCO2 retrieval setup is kept simple so that it can easily be adopted for any NDACC/FTIR-like measurement made since the late 1950s. By a comparison to coincident TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network) measurements, we empirically demonstrate the useful quality of this suggested NDACC XCO2 product (empirically obtained scatter between TCCON and NDACC is about 4‰ for daily mean as well as monthly mean comparisons, and the bias is 25‰). Our XCO2 model is a simple regression model fitted to CarbonTracker results and the Mauna Loa CO2 in situ records. A comparison to TCCON data suggests an uncertainty of the model for monthly mean data of below 3‰. We apply the method to the NDACC/FTIR spectra that are used within the project MUSICA (multi-platform remote sensing of isotopologues for investigating the cycle of atmospheric water) and demonstrate that there is a good consistency for these globally representative set of spectra measured since 1996: the scatter between the modelled and measured XCO2 on a yearly time scale is only 3‰.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF DRAINAGE NETWORK EXTRACTION BETWEEN SQUARE AND HEXAGONAL GRID-BASED DEM

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 687-692
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
T. Ai
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Hexagonal Grid ◽  
Higher Symmetry ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Terrain Representation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grid Based

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The automatic extraction of valleys or ridges from DEM is a long term topic in the GIS and hydrology fields and a number of algorithms have been developed. The quality of drainage networks extraction depends on many impacts such as data source, DEM resolution and extraction algorithms. However, little consideration has been paid to the influence of different tessellation of grid-based DEM construction in terrain surface representation. Actually, hexagonal grid has been proved to be advantageous over square grid due to its consistent connectivity, isotropy of local neighbourhoods, higher symmetry, visual advantage, and so on. This study tries to explore the impact of different tessellation scheme for grid-based DEM on the accuracy of terrain representation reflected by the results of drainage networks extraction. The contour line data model is applied to grid-based DEM generation. Then, by analogy with traditional D8 algorithm, the D6 algorithm is introduced to extract drainage networks by calculating flow direction of each gird with the steepest slope neighbour criteria. From the comparison between D8 algorithm and D6 algorithm, we conclude that hexagonal grid-based DEM has a superior capability in maintaining the detailed shape and the characteristics of extracted drainage networks in coarser resolution.</p>

scholarly journals Long-term Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Parotidectomy for Benign Disease: A Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Plath ◽  
Matthias Sand Sand ◽  
Peter K. Plinkert ◽  
Ingo Baumann ◽  
Karim Zaoui
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minor Problem ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Term Data

Abstract Backround:Parotidectomy may be burdened by numerous complications that may worsen subjects' quality of life (QoL). So far, the literature still lacks of long-term data (> 10 years) answering to the question what impacted the patients the most on QOL after parotidectomy compared to well-published short-term data.Methods:A prospective long-term follow-up study was carried out. Participants were divided into three groups concerning the follow-up: short-term (ST; 6 postoperative weeks), long-term (LT; 13 years postoperative) and short- and long-term (SLT) on same patient collective. QOL was assessed by the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory (POI-8). Demographic and clinical data were collected from all patients. Operative reports were used to classify all parotidectomies as great nerve auricular (GAN) “preserving” or GAN “sacrificing” surgical preparations.Results:74 LT, 57 ST and 33 SLT patients were enrolled in this study. Hypoesthesia posed the major short- and long-term problem whereas facial palsy posed the minor problem. Pain (p < 0.01) and hypoesthesia (p < 0.001) significantly improved from six weeks to 13 years after parotidectomy as well as the overall POI-8 score (p = 0.04). The disease-specific impairment rate decreased from short (≈ 70%) to long-term (≈ 30%) follow-up. Sacrifice of the auricular nerve was associated with hypoesthesia in the ST-cohort (p = 0.028).Conclusion:To our knowledge, this study represents the longest follow-up of patients undergoing parotidectomy. Hypoesthesia significantly improved but still remains on long-follow-up without impacting QOL. As part of the preoperative informed consent, prolonged or permanent hypoesthesia should be explicitly emphasized.Trial registration:This study was prospectively approved and registered by the local Ethics Committee (Project Trial No: S-300/2007 and S-443/2018).

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy - An Overview of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vera Bril ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Ivig Administration

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a significant source of disability, and early diagnosis and immunomodulatory therapy administration are critical to minimise disease progression and axonal degeneration. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy is considered to be a first-line treatment for CIDP. Comparative short- and long-term data of IVIg versus corticosteroids in CIDP patients are limited. Of the five published placebo-controlled studies in CIDP, four reported only on short-term improvements in disability (≤6 weeks). However, the IGIV CIDP Efficacy (ICE) study, the largest randomised, placebo-controlled CIDP study published to date (n=117), reported significant improvements in disability, functional impairment and quality of life with IVIg (Gamunex®) 1g/kg maintenance therapy every three weeks for up to 48 weeks. Furthermore, long-term IVIg administration was safe and well tolerated, particularly given the short duration of the infusions. Data suggest that a long-term scheduled maintenance regimen of IVIg in appropriate patients may provide substantial benefit and reduce the risk of CIDP relapse.

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