scholarly journals D-Band Frequency Tripler Module Using Anti-Parallel Diode Pair and Waveguide Transitions

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Jihoon Doo ◽  
Jongyoun Kim ◽  
Jinho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Input Signal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Plane Probe ◽  
Harmonic Components

In this paper, D-band (110–170 GHz) frequency tripler module is presented using anti-parallel GaAs Schottky diode pair and waveguide-to-microstrip transitions. The anti-parallel diode pair is used as a nonlinear device generating harmonic components for Q-band input signal (33–50 GHz). The diode is zero-biased to eliminate the bias circuits and thus minimize the number of circuit components for low-cost hybrid fabrication. The anti-parallel connection of two identical diodes effectively suppresses DC and even harmonics in the output. Furthermore, the first and second harmonics of Q-band input signal are cut off by D-band rectangular waveguide. Input and output impedance matching networks are designed based on the optimum impedances determined by harmonic source- and load-pull simulations using the developed nonlinear diode model. Waveguide-to-microstrip transitions at Q- and D-bands are also designed using E-plane probe to package the frequency tripler in the waveguide module. The compensation circuit is added to reduce the impedance mismatches by bond-wires connecting two separate substrates. The fabricated frequency tripler module produces a maximum output power of 5.4 dBm at 123 GHz under input power of 20.5 dBm. A 3 dB bandwidth is as wide as 22.5% from 118.5 to 148.5 GHz at the input power of 15.0 dBm. This result corresponds to the excellent bandwidth performance with a conversion gain comparable to the previously reported frequency tripler operating at D-band.

Low loss, fully-printed, ferroelectric varactors for high-power impedance matching at low ISM band frequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-665
Author(s):  
Daniel Kienemund ◽  
Nicole Bohn ◽  
Thomas Fink ◽  
Mike Abrecht ◽  
Walter Bigler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Power Matching ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Ferroelectric Varactors ◽  
Suppression Technique

AbstractLow loss, ferroelectric, fully-printed varactors for high-power matching applications are presented. Piezoelectric-induced acoustic resonances reduce the power handling capabilities of these varactors by lowering the Q-factor at the operational frequency of 13.56 MHz. Here, a quality factor of maximum 142 is achieved with an interference-based acoustic suppression approach utilizing double metal–insulator–metal structures. The varactors show a tunability of maximum 34% at 300 W of input power. At a power level of 1 kW, the acoustic suppression technique greatly reduces the dissipated power by 62% from 37 W of a previous design to 14.2 W. At this power level, the varactors remain tunable with maximum 18.2% and 200 V of biasing voltage.

scholarly journals Extended Bandwidth and Increased Efficiency Quasi-Doherty Power Amplifier Design With A Revised Approach For Load Modulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedehmarzieh Rouhani ◽  
Kasra Rouhi ◽  
Adib Abrishamifar ◽  
Majid Tayarani
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
High Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Power Added Efficiency ◽  
Active Feedback ◽  
Doherty Power Amplifier ◽  
Load Modulation

This paper presents an approach to power added efficiency (PAE) increase for Quasi-Doherty power amplifier (Q-DPA) design. For this aim, active feedback is utilized instead of a passive quarter wavelength transmission line (TL) usage, which is conventionally used in the DPA schematic. PAE increase can be done by applying an accurate load modulation to the main amplifier (PAmain), especially for technologies in which output impedance of the main power amplifier (Zout,main) considerably varies in both low and high power regions. Because such precise modulation is still based on a modified TL, this approach suffers from the inherent narrowband behavior of that TL. As a consequence, expecting a wideband DPA may not be satisfied in all cases. To deal with this issue, active feedback is used to play a role in reaching PAmain, which is not saturated before, to its maximum efficiency at the highest level of received input power (Pin) in the high power region. Following Zout,main trajectories in power and frequency sweeps simultaneously just by a passive TL are not needed anymore. Still, for the sake of preventing total PAE degradation due to the consummated power by the feedback path’s power amplifier (PAfeedback) should be limited, analytical confinement is provided in this work. A comparison is made between GaAs pHEMT 0.25um MMIC technology-based conventional DPA and the proposed revised approach based-DPA to verify the mentioned approach. The proposed PA shows maximum output power of 33.4 dBm, maximum PAE of 41.6, fractional bandwidth of 11%. The Q-DPA works with a maximum power gain of 24.16.

Modelling and Scaling of the Impulse Turbine for Wave Power Applications

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Thakker ◽  
Fergal Hourigan
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Impulse Turbine ◽  
Optimum Operating Point

This paper addresses the dimensional analysis of experimental data for the Impulse Turbine and the use of that data to create a model to predict the performance characteristics of an arbitrarily sized turbine under arbitrary operating conditions. The model assumes that the performance of the turbine is a function of flow coefficient only. The model is used to compare the performance of different turbines at the scaled-up level and under varying conditions of axial velocity and angular velocity. Also, the model is used to identify the optimum turbine rotational speed, for maximum output power, at practical sizes over a range of input power levels. This paper clarifies issues relating to the sizing and optimum operating point of the Impulse Turbine over variable sea conditions which oblige the turbine to operate over a design range rather than at a single design point and shows how this optimum operating point may be obtained.

Structural Analysis of a Novel Ducted Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Mohandas Menon ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Renewable energy technologies offer a competitive cost of energy values in large-scale power generations compared with those from traditional energy resources. In 2015, residential and commercial buildings consumed 40% of total US energy consumption. Short and long-term plans have been developed to further employing wind energy technologies for electricity generation. However, there is a significant gap in developing reliable utility-scaled distributed wind energy converters. Employing novel low-cost wind harnessing technologies in these sectors supports the renewable-energy expansion plans. A novel ducted wind turbine technology, called Wind Tower, for capturing wind power is designed and developed in earlier works. In this work, the Wind Tower structural analysis is conducted to obtain insights to the required materials and optimum components’ dimensions at an expanded range of wind flow regimes. A stable and robust design addresses the need for developing an optimum solution to obtain a maximum output power generation at a minimum cost of energy. It will lead to a maximum return on investment. The results demonstrate a superior structural performance of the Wind Tower Technology. It withstands pressure loads from high wind speed when it is installed as a standalone structure.

Simulation and On-Site Performance of a Novel 3D Concentrator for Photovoltaic Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 1467-1473
Author(s):  
Peng Lei ◽  
Jun Yuan Lai ◽  
Jiong Ma ◽  
Peng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Acceptance Angle ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Poly Silicon ◽  
Photovoltaic Application

We presented a family of new 3D concentrators. Simulations showed they could significantly increase the illumination on objective plane compared with 2D trough concentrators. A 3D concentrator prototype with a nominal 35° half acceptance angle was made. Its performance was tested under an indoor solar simulator and by on-site experiment. Under solar simulator, a low cost poly-silicon solar cell coupled with a 3D concentrator achieved a 2.25 times of maximum output power compared with a similar bare solar cell. In the on-site experiment, poly-silicon solar cell with a 3D compound parabolic based reflective concentrator gained an average of 1.4 times maximum output power when the incidence sunlight within the critical angle.

scholarly journals Increased Efficiency of a Current Compensating Load Modulation Based MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier Design In 0.25m GaAs pHEMT Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedehmarzieh Rouhani ◽  
Kasra Rouhi ◽  
Adib Abrishamifar ◽  
Majid Tayarani
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Modulation Equation ◽  
Gain Compression ◽  
Power Added Efficiency ◽  
Doherty Power Amplifier ◽  
Load Modulation

In this work, a premise is applied to the conventional load modulation equation of Doherty power amplifier (DPA) in 0.25 m GaAs pHEMT technology to compensate output impedance of main amplifier ( Z out,main ) variation, even in low power region. Using this modified modulation leads to the DPAs power added efficiency (PAE) increase in comparison by the case in which the load modulation revision is ignored, which is also designed in this paper. Second harmonic rejection networks are also added to both designs to play their roles as to efficiency increase. By doing so, the revised load modulation based DPA has the maximum PAE of 39.6%, maximum output power ( P out ) of 31.61dBm, at 8 GHz. Simulation results of this DPA in higher harmonics indicate the designed DPA has the minimum second and third harmonics power of -51.7 dBm and -80 dBm, respectively. For the sake of linearity evaluation, it is depicted that 1dB-power gain compression has not occurred in the input power (P in ) range in which the proposed DPA works.

Effect of Nonlinear Dispersion Fiber Length and Input Power on Raman Scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Suha Mousa Khorsheed Alawsi ◽  
Noor Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Intehaa Abdullah Mohammed Al-Juboury
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Raman Shift ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Raman Fiber Laser ◽  
Multi Wavelength

The increasing demand for information transmission makes the problem of establishing a laser system is operating in C-band (1530-1565nm) wavelength region is a significant task, which attracts a lot of researchers' attention lately. In this paper, the ability to produce signals of multi wavelengths using a single light source was adopted to employ the Raman scattering effect for establishing Raman shift configuration-based multi-wavelength fiber lasers, which is not currently addressed in available schemes. This is what prompted to simulate the performance of C-band multi-wavelength produced by Raman fiber laser that utilizing fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to amplify pumped power and also utilizing the single-mode fiber (SMF) as the nonlinear gain medium. The proposed laser system is designed by OptiSystem software. The resulted maximum output power was 22.07dB at Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) of 23.01dB input power. The achieved multi-wavelength that generated by Bragg grating and SMF was containing six Stokes and anti-Stokes, they are: 1548.51nm, 1549, 31nm, 1550.116nm, 1550.91nm, 1551.72nm, and 1552.52nm, in which the resulted computed efficiency of the system was raised up to 80.23% at input power 20 dB and dispersion fiber length of 0.2 km.

On the swimming of a flexible body in a vortex street

2009 ◽  
Vol 635 ◽  
pp. 27-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILAS ALBEN
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Input Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vortex Street ◽  
Flexible Body ◽  
Maximum Output

We formulate a new theoretical model for the swimming of a flexible body in a vortex street. We consider the class of periodic travelling-wave body motions, in the limit of small amplitude. We calculate the output power provided to the body by thrust forces, and the input power done against pressure forces, as functions of the aspect ratio and strength of the vortex street. We then formulate two optimization problems. In the first, we determine the body wave which provides maximum output power for fixed amplitude. We find a closed-form solution with a transition from power law to exponential decay of output power as the vortex street widens. In the second problem, we incorporate internal viscoelasticity to the swimming body and compute its contribution to the input power. We find the body wave which maximizes efficiency for a given output power. The body shape and resulting efficiency are found in closed form and simple approximate formulas are given. We find that efficiency scales as the inverse of the damping parameter. Finally, we compare our results with previous experiments and simulations. We find agreement in some aspects and disagreement in others. We give physical interpretations for agreements and disagreements in terms of the phase between the body wave and vortex street.

scholarly journals Tandem Solar Cells Based on Cu2O and c-Si Subcells in Parallel Configuration: Numerical Simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Răzvan Mitroi ◽  
Valerică Ninulescu ◽  
Laurenţiu Fara
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Output Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Parallel Configuration

A tandem solar cell consisting of a bottom c-Si high-efficiency subcell and a top low-cost Cu2O subcell in parallel configuration is evaluated for the first time by a use of an electrical model. A numerical simulation based on the single-diode model of the solar cell is performed. The numerical method determines both the model parameters and the parameters of the subcells and tandem from the maximization of output power. The simulations indicate a theoretical limit value of the tandem power conversion efficiency of 31.23% at 298 K. The influence of temperature on the maximum output power is analyzed. This tandem configuration allows a great potential for the development of a new generation of low-cost high-efficiency solar cells.

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