scholarly journals Energy Resources, Load Coverage of the Electricity System and Environmental Consequences of the Energy Sources Operation in the Slovak Republic—An Overview

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lieskovský ◽  
Marek Trenčiansky ◽  
Andrea Majlingová ◽  
Július Jankovský
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Eu

According to the current circumstances that are related to the effectiveness of the tightened European Union (EU) environmental legislation, which sets minimum requirements for the heat and power sources of energy that are part of the Slovak Electricity System (SES) source mix, an article was prepared to summarize the information regarding energy and environmental legislation, which is in force as in the EU as in Slovakia. This information was completed with a description on the current situation and requirements for the safety and reliability of the “new” mix of sources and technologies of electricity production within the SES in terms of energy and economic efficiency and environmental consequences.

Regulating Electricity Storage in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs van Leeuwen ◽  
Martha Roggenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Electricity Storage ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Eu

The chapter discusses the EU regulatory framework governing electricity storage. The obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the subsequent increase of electricity production from intermittent renewable energy sources is causing problems for balancing demand and supply, thus also balancing networks. Electricity storage is key to managing any excess electricity production and avoiding negative prices. However, this development takes place in a liberalized energy market, where network operators must act independently from production and supply. Establishing the purpose of electricity storage and where storage can or should be placed is crucial. The authors present the reasons for and the types of electricity storage available; analyse the EU legal framework ; identify potential obstacles; and present pros and cons for positioning storage in the electricity system. Finally, they discuss whether the EU Commission’s proposal to legislate electricity storage meets the requirements for providing cost efficiency and thus provides sufficient regulatory certainty.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Alexander Gocht ◽  
Nicola Consmüller ◽  
Ferike Thom ◽  
Harald Grethe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

The EU Influence on Norwegian Domestic Legislation for the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Johansen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In the last several decades, the European Union (EU) has demonstrated its intention to play an important role in supporting Arctic cooperation and helping to meet the challenges now facing the region. Norway, one of the five Arctic coastal states, and the EU have cooperated closely in this regard, particularly through the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA Agreement). This article examines how Norway’s domestic legislation applicable to its Arctic marine areas has been influenced by the development of EU environmental legislation. Specifically, this paper provides a discussion and analysis of the relevant Norwegian laws and mechanisms used to regulate how EU environmental legislation has been incorporated into Norway’s domestic legislation through the EEA Agreement.

scholarly journals Excise Tax on Alcohol According to Legal Law of Slovak Republic In Terms Of Eu Secondary Law Transposition / Spotrebná Daň Z Liehu V Právnom Poriadku Slovenskej Republiky Z Hľadiska Transpozície Sekundárneho Práva Eú

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ondrej Beňuš
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Distilling industry is among the traditional sectors of the food industry. It is a significant producers of agricultural primary production and the most stable component of demand in the labour market. Among all the sectors of the food industry, however, it is subject to the greatest extent of the regulation of the business by state, when a crucial component of regulation is the legal regulation of the selection of the excise tax on alcohol. Given the considerable degree of regulation of excise taxes on alcoholic beverages by one of the secondary law of the EU, it is considered appropriate to assess the level of transposition of basic elements of excise tax on alcohol, as defined by literature, into the legal order of the Slovak Republic.

Analyzing the impact of fossil fuel import reliance on electricity prices: The case of the Iberian Electricity Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Moreno ◽  
María T García-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Spain and Portugal are highly dependent on energy from abroad, importing more than 70% of all the energy they consume. This high energy dependence could involve important effects on the level and stability of their electricity prices as a half the gross electricity generated in both countries came from power stations using imported combustible fuels (such as natural gas, coal and oil). In general, changes in the prices of these fossil fuels can directly affect household electricity prices, since generation costs are likely to be transmitted through to the wholesale electricity market. Moreover, in the framework of the European Union Emission Trading System, electricity production technologies tend to incorporate their costs of carbon dioxide emission allowances in sale offers with the consequent increase of the electricity prices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of fossil fuel costs and prices of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU on the Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices. With this aim, a maximum entropy econometric approach is used. The obtained results indicate that not only the price of imported gas are very important in explaining Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices but also the price of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU.

Flexible IT platform for synchronizing energy demands with volatile markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schott ◽  
Raphael Ahrens ◽  
Dennis Bauer ◽  
Fabian Hering ◽  
Robert Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Know How ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Additional Level

Abstract Abandoning fossil and nuclear energy sources in the long run and increasing amount of renewable energies in electricity production causes a more volatile power supply. Depending on external realities, renewable energy production emphasizes the need for measures to guarantee the necessary balance of demand and supply in the electricity system at all times. Energy intensive industry processes theoretically include high Demand Response potentials suitable to tackle this increasing supply volatility. Nevertheless, most companies do not operate their production in a flexible manner due to multiple reasons: among others, the companies lack know-how, technologies and a clear business case to introduce an additional level of flexibility into their production processes, they are concerned about possible impacts on their processes by varying the electricity demand and need assistance in exploiting their flexibility. Aside from fostering knowledge in industry companies, an IT-solution that supports companies to use their processes’ Demand Response potential has become necessary. Its concept must support companies in managing companies’ energy-flexible production processes and monetarize those potentials at flexibility markets. This paper presents a concept, which integrates both companies and energy markets. It enables automated trading of companies’ Demand Response potential on different flexibility markets.

scholarly journals Impacts of New EU and Czech Environmental Legislation on Heat and Electricity Prices of Combined Heat and Power Sources in the Czech Republic

10.14311/1460 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vecka
Keyword(s):  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Future ◽  
Large Heat ◽  
Industrial Emissions Directive ◽  
The Impact

In my economic model I calculate the impact of the new EU ETS Directive, the Industrial Emissions Directive and the new air protection law on future heat and electricity prices for combined heat and power sources. I discover that there will be a significant increase in heat and electricity prices, especially because of the implementation of new so-called benchmark tools for allocating allowances. The main problem of large heat producers in this respect is loss of competitiveness on the heat market due to emerging stricter environmental legislation, which is not applied to competitors on the heat market (smaller heat sources). There is also lack of clarity about the modalities for allocating free allowances, and about the future development of the whole carbon market (the future European allowance price).

scholarly journals French Energy Sector in Search for Optimal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
A. V. Zimakov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Eu

Clean energy transition is one of major transformation processes in the EU. There are different approaches among EU countries to decarbonization of their energy systems. The article deals with clean energy transition in France with the emphasis on power generation. While this transformation process is in line with similar developments in the EU, the Franch case has its distinct nature due to nuclear power domination in electricity production there. It represents a challenge for the current model as the transition is linked to a sharp drop of nuclear share in the power mix. It is important to understand the trajectory of further clean energy transition in France and its ultimate model. The article reviews the historical roots of the current model (which stems from Messmer plan of the 1970-es) and its development over years, as well as assesses its drawbacks and merits in order to outline possible future prospects. The conclusion is that the desired reduction of nuclear energy is linked not solely to greening process but has a complex of reasons, the ageing of nuclear reactors being one of them. Nuclear power remains an important low-carbon technology allowing France to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. A desired future energy model in France can be understood based on the analysis of new legislation and government action plans. The targeted model is expected to balance of nuclear and green energy in the generation mix in 50% to 40% proportion by 2035, with the rest left to gas power generation. Being pragmatic, French government aims at partial nuclear reactors shut down provided that this will not lead to the rise of GHG emissions, energy market distortions, or electricity price hikes. The balanced French model is believed to be a softer and socially comfortable option of low-carbon model.

scholarly journals Renewable energy resources in the EU (Policy scenario)

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Orsolya Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The use of renewable energies has a long past, even though its share of the total energy use is rather low in European terms. However, the tendencies are definitely favourable which is further strengthened by the dedication of the European Union to sustainable development and combat against climate change. The European Union is on the right track in achieving its goal which is to be able to cover 20% its energy need from renewable energy resources by 2020. The increased use of wind, solar, water, tidal, geothermal and biomass energy will reduce the energy import dependence of the European Union and it will stimulate innovation.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC AND IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Barbara Pavlíková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Regulatory Instruments ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The contribution deals with the Slovak and the EU legal regulation of tobacco and tobacco products. Its primary purpose is to point out the Slovak and European legal acts which constitute the main regulatory instruments in this field using the method of analysis and synthesis. Rules of production, distribution and conditions of use of tobacco and products thereof are in the Slovak Republic contained mainly in two acts - the Act No 335/2011 Coll. on Tobacco Products and the Act No 377/2004 Coll. on the Protection of Non-smokers, as well as in special Decree No 212/2012 Coll., regulating tobacco products. Regulation of excise duty on tobacco products can be found in the Act with the same name - Act No 106/2004 Coll.. Another objective of the paper is also to draw attention to the amendment of Act on Protection of Non-smokers which entered into force on 1 July 2013. The European Union struggles with the negative consequences of smoking at the supranacional level and its institutions - the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council of the EU - are already for several years adopting legal acts to facilitate uniformity and easier interpretation of European law also in the field of legal regulation of tobacco and tobacco products. The predominant part of the existing legislation deals with the approximation of laws in areas that are closely related to the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco products, but also to the collection of taxes from these products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document